scholarly journals Path Loss Optimization in RFID based Passport Identification at Airport Logistics System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Frequency Identification

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a contact less technology that has multiple application in the modern era. RFID is used in passport identification at airport to match and identify the multi user .A Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is used in RFID to identify the multi user simultaneously. The information is transmitted from multiple transmitter and receiver of RFID system simultaneously so there is a change of interference also if the RFID system is used in different environmental or in different height then there is chance of path loss during the signal transmission from the transmitter to receiver .Successive interference technology and optimal value of frequency with distance is maintained to minimize path loss.

scholarly journals Compact Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna for Microwave-Radio-Frequency Identification Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Enze Zhang ◽  
Andrea Michel ◽  
Paolo Nepa ◽  
Jinghui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Stacked Patch Antenna

A compact, low-profile, two-port dual-band circularly polarized (CP) stacked patch antenna for radio-frequency identification (RFID) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) readers is proposed, which employs the shared-aperture technique. The proposed antenna adopts a 1.524 mm thickness Rogers Ro4350b substrate with relative permittivity of 3.48. Two pairs of isolated ports are working at two microwave- (MW-) RFID bands (2.4–2.485 GHz and 5.725–5.875 GHz) with high port isolation of 25 dB and 30 dB, respectively. A shared metal slot layer is designed to separate two feeding structures of the lower band and upper band for port isolation enhancement as well as saving space. Corner-truncated square slot and patch configurations have been designed to obtain CP modes. In the lower and upper MW-RFID bands, the relative impedance bandwidths are 12.2% and 5.7%, and the maximum realized gains are higher than 7.3 dBic. Moreover, two-element configurations have been combined for an RFID MIMO system that occupies a dimension of 119 mm × 119 mm × 12.9 mm. The MIMO antenna performance of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.03, and diversity gain is close to 10 dB.

scholarly journals Conceiving Inferential Prototypes of MIMO Channel Models via Buckingham’s Similitude Principle for 30+ GHz through THz Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Perambur Neelakanta ◽  
Dolores De Groff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Spatial Multiplexing ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Channel Models ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Channel Statistics ◽  
Wave Range ◽  
Test Spectrum

Facilitating newer bands of ‘unused’ segments (windows) of RF spectrum falling in the mm-wave range (above 30+ GHz) and seeking usable stretches across unallocated THz spectrum, could viably be considered for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications. This could accommodate the growing needs of multigigabit 3G/4G applications in outdoor-based backhauls in picocellular networks and in indoor-specific multimedia networking. However, in contrast with cellular and Wi-Fi, wireless systems supporting sub-mm wavelength transreceive communications in the outdoor electromagnetic (EM) ambient could face “drastically different propagation geometry”; also, in indoor contexts, envisaging pertinent spatial-multiplexing with directional, MIMO links could pose grossly diverse propagation geometry across a number of multipaths; as such, channel-models based on stochastic features of diverse MIMO-specific links in the desired test spectrum of mm-wave/THz band are sparsely known and almost non-existent. To alleviate this niche, a method is proposed here to infer sub-mm band MIMO channel-models (termed as “prototypes”) by judiciously sharing “similarity” of details available already pertinent to traditional “models” of lower-side EM spectrum, (namely, VLF through micro-/mm-wave). Relevant method proposed here relies on the “principle of similitude” due to Edgar Buckingham. Exemplar set of “model-to-(inferential)-prototype” transformations are derived and prescribed for an exhaustive set of fading channel models as well as, towards estimating path-loss of various channel statistics in the high-end test spectrum.

Field Programmable Gate Array Based Testbed for Investigating Multiple Input Multiple Output Signal Transmission in Indoor Environments

2009 ◽  
pp. 474-499
Author(s):  
Konstanty Bialkowski ◽  
Adam Postula ◽  
Amin Abbosh ◽  
Marek Bialkowski
Keyword(s):  
Field Programmable Gate Array ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Front End ◽  
Rf Front End ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Gate Array

This chapter introduces the concept of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system and the necessity to use a testbed to evaluate its performance. A comprehensive review of different types of testbeds available in the literature is presented. Next, the design and development of a 2×2 MIMO testbed which uses in-house built antennas, commercially available RF chips for an RF front end and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for based signal processing is described. The operation of the developed testbed is verified using a Channel Emulator. The testing is done for the case of a simple Alamouti QPSK based encoding and decoding scheme of baseband signals.

scholarly journals Cournot Duopoly for Spoofing Attack in MIMO with the Adaptive Antenna System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Adaptive Antenna ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Game Theoretical Approach ◽  
Mimo Technology

Wireless communication capacity & performance can be enhanced by Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. The signal transmitted in MIMO technology is affected by path loss, attenuation due to distance and interference. An unauthorized user known as spoofer between transmitter and receiver affects the performance of MIMO technology. An adaptive antenna technology (AAT) is proposed in this work to reduce path loss and attenuation of MIMO technology. A game theoretical approach known as Cournot duopoly is also proposed where an optimum number of transmitter and receiver antenna is used to reduce spoofing in MIMO technology

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Hybrid Precoding Scheme Based on Antenna Selection Technology in Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Ding ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Antenna Selection ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Hybrid precoding is a promising technology for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It can reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains. However, the power consumption is still very high owing to the large-scale antenna array. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient precoding scheme based on antenna selection technology. The precoding scheme greatly increases the energy efficiency (EE) of the system. In the first step, we derive an exact closed-form expression of EE. Meanwhile, we further study the relationship between the number of transmit antennas and EE on the basis of the exact closed-form expression of EE. We prove that there exists an optimal value. When the number of transmit antennas equals to the value, the EE of the system can reach the maximum by a proper hybrid precoding scheme. Then, we propose an antenna selection algorithm to select antennas from the transmit antennas. And the number of selected antennas equals to the optimal value. Subsequently, we design the analog precoder based on a codebook to maximize the equivalent channel gain. At last, we further improve the EE by baseband digital precoding. The precoding algorithm we proposed offers a compromise between spectral efficiency (SE) and EE in millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. Finally, simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that a substantial EE gain can be obtained over the precoding scheme we proposed without large performance loss.

Performance Weighted of CMA Algorithm Based on MIMO Channel Measurement for 2.45 GHz Wireless RFID System

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sarun Duangsuwan ◽  
Sathaporn Promwong
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Constant Modulus Algorithm ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is an unsupervised adaptive filter that achieves interference cancellation in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. This paper studies the performance weighted of CMA algorithm based on the measuring data of MIMO channel. By analyzing both the asymptotic mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) of the efficient weighted channel of the CMA algorithm, also simulation and measurement results are compared with a different of the antenna orientation. Experimental results demonstrate that the CMA algorithm can reduce the MSE and BER at 2.45 GHz for wireless RFID system very well.

scholarly journals Accurate Performance Analysis of Coded Large-Scale Multiuser MIMO Systems with MMSE Receivers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhai ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Xianfu Lei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Minimum Mean Square Error ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mimo Networks ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Accurate Performance

In this paper, we estimate the uplink performance of large-scale multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks. By applying minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detection, a novel statistical distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for any user is derived, for path loss, shadowing and Rayleigh fading. Suppose that the channel state information is perfectly known at the base station. Then, we derive the analytical expressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of the massive multiuser MMSE–MIMO systems, based on which we further obtain the upper bound of the bit error rate (BER). The analytical results are validated successfully through simulations for all cases.

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