scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CD4 OF T LIMFOSITS TOWARDS THE OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANDIDIASIS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN H. ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ferry H. Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Esophageal Candidiasis ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction. The course of infection of the Human Immunodeciency Virus (HIV) can lead to opportunistic infections (OIs). Esophageal Candida Infection (KE) is an opportunistic infection in people with HIV and is classied as an invasive candida infection. Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) as a measure of the immunity of HIV sufferers. Aim. These researchers looked for an association of CD4 cell counts in HIV patients with Esophageal Candidiasis in HIV sufferers, mean CD4 cell count and antifungal resistance. Methods. Sampling was carried out at H. Adam Malik General Hospital using the Case Control method. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results. Ages 20-40 years are the age of the most frequent occurrence of HIV / AIDS infection, men have a higher percentage of HIV incidence than women, respectively 64.7% and 35.3%. Free sex is the most common risk factor found in research subjects by 52.94%. There was a signicant relationship between CD4 levels and the incidence of oesophageal candidiasis where patients 3 with a CD4 level <41.82 cell/mm would be 5.25 times more likely to suffer from esophageal candidiasis than patients with a 3 CD4 level ≥ 41.82 cell/mm , with a p value of 0.035. The mean absolute CD4 cell count in patients with Esophageal Candidiasis 3 was 41.82 cell/mm (SD ± 35.47). The Albida Candida fungus (29.4%) is the most common species that causes esophageal candidiasis in HIV patients. The pattern of resistance and antifungal sensitivity in patients with Esophageal Candidiasis shows that in general antifungals still have a good sensitivity to Candida fungus including Flusitocin (100%), Micafungin (100%), Ampotericin (100%), Caspofungin (100%), but at Flusitocin (100%), Micafungin (100%), Ampotericin (100%), Caspofungin (100%), but at Fluconazole and Voriconazole antifungals have begun to show a resistance rate of 10%. Conclusion. There was a signicant relationship between CD4 levels and the incidence of esophageal candidiasis in HIV patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Fluconazole which is the rst choice routinely used for antifungal has begun to show resistance value, but still has a good sensitivity value.

scholarly journals Chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer in HIV patients causes prolonged CD4 cell count suppression

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alfa-Wali ◽  
T. Allen-Mersh ◽  
A. Antoniou ◽  
D. Tait ◽  
T. Newsom-Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals CD4 cell count recovery in HIV/TB co-infected patients versus TB uninfected HIV patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wanchu ◽  
VS Kuttiatt ◽  
A Sharma ◽  
S Singh ◽  
S Varma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Count Recovery

Endothelial Microparticles (EMP) and Their Interactions with Leukocytes in HIV Infected Patients with Optimal Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1255
Author(s):  
Jacques Simkins ◽  
Vicente F. Corrales-Medina ◽  
Julio A. Chirinos ◽  
Stephen Symes ◽  
Dushyantha T. Jayaweera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Endothelial Microparticles ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: HIV infection has been associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are informative markers of endothelial cell status and can exert transcellular effects in leukocytes. No previous studies have assessed EMP and their interactions with leukocytes in HIV-infected patients. Methods: We studied 29 patients (mean age = 42.1±7 years) with HIV infection on HAART who demonstrated an optimal viral and immunological response (CD4+ cell count&gt;200 /mm3 and &lt; 50 viral copies/ml by PCR analysis). Patients with diabetes, smoking, thrombotic, cardiovascular or malignant disease were excluded. We used age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Using flow cytometry, we measured free EMP identified by: Expression of CD31 and lack of expression of CD42b (EMP31); E-selectin expression (EMP62E); CD51 expression (EMP51), or; CD54 expression (EMP54). EMP62E- and EMP54-leukocyte conjugates were measured based on the detection of E-selectin or CD54, respectively, coexpressed with CD45 in neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Results: Results are summarized in Table 1. Levels of free EMP31, EMP51, EMP54 and EMP62E did not differ significantly between the groups. However, a very significant elevation of EMP54-Lymphocyte Conjugates (p=0.001) and a trend towards an elevation of EMP62E-Lymphocyte Conjugates was seen in HIV-infected patients. Furthermore, EMP63E-lymphocyte conjugates significantly correlated with the CD4+ cell count (R=-0.64; p=0.03). Conversely, HIV-infected patients demonstrated significantly lower levels of EMP62E -Monocyte Conjugates (p=0.0005) and a trend toward lower levels of EMP54 -Monocyte Conjugates (p=0.08). Conclusions: HIV infected patients with optimal response to HAART demonstrate an increased number of circulating EMP-lymphocyte conjugates with decreased number of EMP-monocyte conjugates. We speculate that viral EMP-receptor upregulation in lymphocytes and/or downregulation in monocytes could account for this phenomenon. EMP-lymphocyte conjugates inversely correlate with the CD4 count. The role of increased EMP-lymphocyte interactions in viral spread and lymphocyte dysfunction/apoptosis in HIV infected-patients requires further investigation. Levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and EMP-leukocyte conjugates in HIV+ patients compared to controls. HIV+ Patients Control P value MFI=Mean fluorescence intensity EMP31, counts/μL (IQR) 680 (497–1112) 1018 (566-1691) 0.16 EMP51, counts/μL (IQR) 114 (75–141.5) 114 (96–143) 0.59 EMP62E, counts/μL (IQR) 72 (53.5–123.5) 77 (48–113) 0.66 EMP54, counts/μL (IQR) 58 (39.5–78.5) 39 (18–141) 0.42 EMP54-Lymphocyte Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.37 (1.26–1.42) 1.2 (1.13–1.26) 0.001 EMP54-Monocyte Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.14 (1.05–1.3) 1.22 (1.16–1.64) 0.08 EMP54-Neutrophil Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.46 (1.27–2.28) 1.66 (1.28–2.34) 0.74 EMP62E-Lymphocyte Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.15 (1.11–1.19) 1.13 (1.07–1.18) 0.13 EMP62E -Monocyte Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.17 (1.02–1.19) 1.31 (1.22–1.56) 0.0005 EMP62E -Neutrophil Conjugates, MFI (IQR) 1.47 (1.21–2.01) 1.94 (1.57–2.52) 0.10

scholarly journals Difference of Progression to AIDS According to CD4 Cell Count, Plasma HIV RNA Level and the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients Infected through Blood Products in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Kawado ◽  
Shuji Hashimoto ◽  
Takuhiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Shin-ichi Oka ◽  
Kazuyuki Yoshizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Joint Modeling in Detecting Predictors of Cd4 Cell Count and Status of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Patients Under HAART at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North-west Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setegn Byabil Agegn ◽  
Awoke seyoum Tegegn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
North West ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Globally, the number of TB patients who had been diagnosed with HIV status reached 2.1 million, which is equivalent to 34 % of notified cases of TB. This research was conducted with the objective to identify potential predictors for the status of TB and CD4 cell count for adult HIV patients at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital North-west Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective repeated measures were taken from a sample of 226 HIV patients. Separate and joint models were conducted for data analysis of CD4 cell count and TB status of HIV infected patients. Results: The descriptive statistics indicates that among the HIV patients under HAART, 26.6% had additional TB cases. Hence, the expected number of CD4 cell count of HIV patients who were co-infected with TB was decreased by 2.34 as compared to HIV patients who were free from TB. In joint analysis, age, opportunistic infectious disease, adherence to medication, body mass index and social supports were significantly associated with CD4 cell count and TB status. In addition, one-way interaction terms (time * educational level) was also associated with both outcomes. As patients’ age increased by one year, the expected number of CD4 cell count was decreased by 0.025 cells per/mm3 keeping the other variables constant. The expected number of CD4 cell count for patients whose status were ambulatory was decreased by 3.95 as compared to working status. Both separate and joint modeling approach revealed consistent results for significant predictors. However, joint models were more adequate and efficient. Conclusions: Among the predictors of CD4 cell count and TB status, WHO stages, age of patients, functional status of patients, hemoglobin level and residence area were significant predictors for the variable of interests. More attention should be given for HIV/TB co- infected ambulatory and bedridden patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of malaria parasites in human immuno-deficiency virus clients attending General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Imo State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Treasure Njoku-Obi ◽  
Chioma Nwofor ◽  
Chinyere Ohalete ◽  
Chinyere Osuoha
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The incidence of malaria parasite in Human Immuno-deficiency Virus clients attending Awo-omamma General Hospital, Owerri Imo state Nigeria was studied. A total of 200 blood samples were collected; 150 samples were collected from sero-positive HIV clients while 50 samples were collected from sero-negative HIV clients which served as control samples. Out of this 200 clients 85(42.5%) were males while 65(32.5%) were females. The blood samples were analyzed using Malaria Rapid Test Kit for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum, using standard medical laboratory procedure. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 43 (28.7%) for HIV positive participants that tested positive to malaria parasite, 15 (17.6%) were male while 28 (43.1%) were female. Analysis based on age revealed that the highest prevalence was among those within the age group 30-39 years having 20 (10%) while those with the least prevalence were observed among those within the age group 20-29 years having 32 (16%). Analysis of malaria parasite based on CD4+ cell count among HIV clients revealed that 51(34%) had CD4+ cell count above 200cell/μl while 23 (15.3%) had CD4+cell count below 200cell\μl. This study has shown that there is a low prevalence of malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) among HIV/AIDs clients with high CD4+ attending HIV clinic in Awo-omamma General Hospital, Imo state. It is recommended that more efforts be made to eradicate malaria completely as this will go a long way in reducing the rate of mortality among HIV clients.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Time to Death of HIV-Infected Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy in Tepi General Hospital, South West Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Bekele Eticha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over 40 Years

Abstract Despite advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, HIV continues to be a global problem. Antiretroviral therapy is a critical treatment that has been used to treat HIV-infected patients since 1996. Even though an increase in the number of patients enrolled in ART, the mortality rate for HIV cases in Ethiopia has never been overcome. Thus, this study aimed to identify influential factors of death of HIV-infected individuals received antiretroviral therapy at the Tepi General Hospital. The secondary data was extracted from each selected patient for whom the ART was initiated from September 2011 to June 2018. Then, Cox regression technique provided the essential determinants of time to death of HIV-infected patients. The findings revealed that 35.14 percent of HIV patients died despite being on ART. The identified causes of death were being over 40 years old, being in clinical stage IV, being uneducated, having a low body weight, and having a low CD4 cell count. Gender, tuberculosis status, and functional status, on the other hand, were not supported as factors. Thus, age over 40 years, being underweight, having a low baseline CD4 cell count, being in an advanced WHO clinical stage, and having a low education level were identified as critical risk factors that exposed to early death even while on ART. As a result, the hospital advised prioritizing patients based on the identified factors. Keywords: AIDS; Analysis; Biological modeling; Biological activities

scholarly journals Protein Status and CD4+ Cell Count in HIV Patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background of Study: Malnutrition is associated with repeated opportunistic infections, rapid disease progression, and an increase in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related mortality. The ability of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in boosting the immune system depends on the nutritional status of the HIV patient. Aim: The study aimed at investigating the protein status and CD4+ cell counts in HIV patients taking highly active ART. Materials and Methods: The case-control study comprising of a total of 80 participants, compared the protein status and CD4+ cell count among baseline (ART-naïve n=20), switch (ART-resistant n=20), ART follow-up (n=20) patients, and apparently healthy controls (n=20). Results: The total protein of baseline patients was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the switch, follow-up, and controls. The CD4+ cell count of baseline patients was significantly (P=0.000) low compared to follow-up patients and controls. Total protein level and CD4+ cell count of switch patients were significantly (P=0.000) lower than that of follow-up patients and controls. Total protein of follow-up patients was significantly (P<0.02) higher than that of controls, while the CD4+ cell count of follow-up patients was significantly (P=0.000) lower than that of controls. Conclusion: The present study observed low protein along with low CD4+ cell count in switch patients, while a good outcome was observed in follow up patients.

Multiple sclerosis and HIV: a case of multiple sclerosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pria Anand ◽  
Deanna Saylor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Studies have suggested that the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in HIV-infected (HIV+) patients is lower than that of the general population. Here, we present a case of MS in an HIV+ patient with a relatively suppressed CD4 cell count who developed clinical and radiographic disease worsening in the setting of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. A 47-year-old HIV+ woman (CD4 cell count 216 cells/µl) presented with decreased vision in her right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed optic nerve enhancement and open ring-enhancing lesions in the brain concerning for demyelinating disease. Cerebrospinal fluid was tested extensively for infection and malignancy with no abnormal findings. She received five days of intravenous methylprednisolone. Nine days later, she was restarted on ART. Three weeks later, she was readmitted with left eye vision loss and left hemiplegia (CD4 cell count 342 cells/µl). Repeat imaging showed multiple new enhancing lesions. Several cases have described severe MS relapses and unusually widespread demyelinating lesions on MRI after withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs. We posit that the clinical and radiographic progression that occurred in our patient after initiation of ART represented an immune reconstitution response to ART. Caution may be warranted when initiating ART in HIV+ patients with suppressed CD4 cell count and active MS.

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