scholarly journals Incidence of malaria parasites in human immuno-deficiency virus clients attending General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Imo State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Treasure Njoku-Obi ◽  
Chioma Nwofor ◽  
Chinyere Ohalete ◽  
Chinyere Osuoha
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The incidence of malaria parasite in Human Immuno-deficiency Virus clients attending Awo-omamma General Hospital, Owerri Imo state Nigeria was studied. A total of 200 blood samples were collected; 150 samples were collected from sero-positive HIV clients while 50 samples were collected from sero-negative HIV clients which served as control samples. Out of this 200 clients 85(42.5%) were males while 65(32.5%) were females. The blood samples were analyzed using Malaria Rapid Test Kit for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum, using standard medical laboratory procedure. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 43 (28.7%) for HIV positive participants that tested positive to malaria parasite, 15 (17.6%) were male while 28 (43.1%) were female. Analysis based on age revealed that the highest prevalence was among those within the age group 30-39 years having 20 (10%) while those with the least prevalence were observed among those within the age group 20-29 years having 32 (16%). Analysis of malaria parasite based on CD4+ cell count among HIV clients revealed that 51(34%) had CD4+ cell count above 200cell/μl while 23 (15.3%) had CD4+cell count below 200cell\μl. This study has shown that there is a low prevalence of malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) among HIV/AIDs clients with high CD4+ attending HIV clinic in Awo-omamma General Hospital, Imo state. It is recommended that more efforts be made to eradicate malaria completely as this will go a long way in reducing the rate of mortality among HIV clients.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Time to Death of HIV-Infected Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy in Tepi General Hospital, South West Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Bekele Eticha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over 40 Years

Abstract Despite advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, HIV continues to be a global problem. Antiretroviral therapy is a critical treatment that has been used to treat HIV-infected patients since 1996. Even though an increase in the number of patients enrolled in ART, the mortality rate for HIV cases in Ethiopia has never been overcome. Thus, this study aimed to identify influential factors of death of HIV-infected individuals received antiretroviral therapy at the Tepi General Hospital. The secondary data was extracted from each selected patient for whom the ART was initiated from September 2011 to June 2018. Then, Cox regression technique provided the essential determinants of time to death of HIV-infected patients. The findings revealed that 35.14 percent of HIV patients died despite being on ART. The identified causes of death were being over 40 years old, being in clinical stage IV, being uneducated, having a low body weight, and having a low CD4 cell count. Gender, tuberculosis status, and functional status, on the other hand, were not supported as factors. Thus, age over 40 years, being underweight, having a low baseline CD4 cell count, being in an advanced WHO clinical stage, and having a low education level were identified as critical risk factors that exposed to early death even while on ART. As a result, the hospital advised prioritizing patients based on the identified factors. Keywords: AIDS; Analysis; Biological modeling; Biological activities

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CD4 OF T LIMFOSITS TOWARDS THE OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANDIDIASIS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN H. ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ferry H. Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Esophageal Candidiasis ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction. The course of infection of the Human Immunodeciency Virus (HIV) can lead to opportunistic infections (OIs). Esophageal Candida Infection (KE) is an opportunistic infection in people with HIV and is classied as an invasive candida infection. Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) as a measure of the immunity of HIV sufferers. Aim. These researchers looked for an association of CD4 cell counts in HIV patients with Esophageal Candidiasis in HIV sufferers, mean CD4 cell count and antifungal resistance. Methods. Sampling was carried out at H. Adam Malik General Hospital using the Case Control method. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results. Ages 20-40 years are the age of the most frequent occurrence of HIV / AIDS infection, men have a higher percentage of HIV incidence than women, respectively 64.7% and 35.3%. Free sex is the most common risk factor found in research subjects by 52.94%. There was a signicant relationship between CD4 levels and the incidence of oesophageal candidiasis where patients 3 with a CD4 level <41.82 cell/mm would be 5.25 times more likely to suffer from esophageal candidiasis than patients with a 3 CD4 level ≥ 41.82 cell/mm , with a p value of 0.035. The mean absolute CD4 cell count in patients with Esophageal Candidiasis 3 was 41.82 cell/mm (SD ± 35.47). The Albida Candida fungus (29.4%) is the most common species that causes esophageal candidiasis in HIV patients. The pattern of resistance and antifungal sensitivity in patients with Esophageal Candidiasis shows that in general antifungals still have a good sensitivity to Candida fungus including Flusitocin (100%), Micafungin (100%), Ampotericin (100%), Caspofungin (100%), but at Flusitocin (100%), Micafungin (100%), Ampotericin (100%), Caspofungin (100%), but at Fluconazole and Voriconazole antifungals have begun to show a resistance rate of 10%. Conclusion. There was a signicant relationship between CD4 levels and the incidence of esophageal candidiasis in HIV patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Fluconazole which is the rst choice routinely used for antifungal has begun to show resistance value, but still has a good sensitivity value.

scholarly journals The level of education affects CD4 cell count and wellness among HIV infected adult between age group 18 to 60 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Maurya ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
N. Negi ◽  
A. Kapil ◽  
R. Chaudhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Occurrence of hypocortisolism in HIV patients: Is the picture changing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Iorhen E. Akase ◽  
Abdurazaq G. Habib ◽  
Adamu G. Bakari ◽  
Hamza Muhammad ◽  
Ibrahim Gezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: The occurrence of endocrine diseases in people who are infected with HIV is traditionally thought to occur in the setting of AIDS with opportunistic infections and malignancies. However, recent studies find the correlation between hypocortisolism and stage of HIV (CD4 count and WHO clinical stage) inconsistent.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included three hundred and fifty (350) consecutive patients with HIV infection. They were interviewed, and subsequently underwent laboratory evaluation for the detection of hypocortisolism. Blood samples for serum cortisol estimation were taken at baseline and at 30 minutes following the administration of 1μg of tetracosactrin (Synacthen). In addition, the patients had blood samples taken at 0 minutes (baseline) for CD4+ lymphocyte cell counts.Results: At baseline, 108 (30.9%) participants had serum cortisol levels below 100 μg/L with a median value of 55.48 μg/L (11.36-99.96 μg/L), but only 57 (16.3%) study participants had stimulated serum cortisol levels below 180 μg/L with median of 118 μg/L (19.43-179.62). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of clinical features between participants with low and normal serum cortisol, nor WHO clinical stage, CD4 count and ART regimen. The occurrence of hypocortisolism was higher among participants who had been on ART for a longer period of time.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of hypocortisolism among HIV patients by biochemical testing, especially those who have been on ARVs for a longer duration. Hypocortisolism cannot be predicted based on the participants’ WHO clinical stage of disease, CD4 cell count, or the treatment regimen.  Funding: Personal FundsKeywords: HIV, Adrenocortical insufficiency, CD4 cell count, Tetracosactrin

scholarly journals The Role of Aerosol Pentamidine Prophylaxis

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E L C Ong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, occurring in 80% and recurring in 50% of patients within 12 months of the first episode. Prophylaxis for PCP is recommended if the CD4+ cell count is <200×106/l or 20% of the total lymphocyte count, or after an episode of PCP. The most effective prophylactic agent currently is trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and should be the drug of choice but alternatives such as aerosol pentamidine are being increasingly used for patients who cannot tolerate this combination or other oral preparations. If aerosol pentamidine is used and administered via a Respigard II Marquest nebulizer, the dosage should be higher than the currently recommended monthly dosage of 300 mg.

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

330 CHARACTERISTICS OF NOT KNOWING THE CD4 CELL COUNT WHEN LIVING WITH HIV.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. S315.3-S315
Author(s):  
A.R Hoellein ◽  
J. A. Kendall ◽  
J. F. Wilson ◽  
A. C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell
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