FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE TRANSDERMAL PATCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Aparna Reddy K ◽  
Latha K ◽  
Naseeb Basha Shaik ◽  
Sushma B ◽  
Haritha T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Weight Variation

The aim of present study is to formulate and characterize darifenacin hydrobromide transdermal patch and the effects of non-ionic surfactants span 20 and tween 20 on drug permeation were studied. Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting method using PVA, PVP, HPMC E5, HPMC E15 polymers. Propylene glycol and Glycerol were used as plasticizers and Span 20 and Tween 20 were used as permeation enhancers. The prepared patches were evaluated for physicochemical properties like drug content, thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture uptake, watervapour transmission studies. Physicochemical properties have shown better. Drug release studies by in-vitro diffusion, ex-vivo permeation as well as skin irritation. Formulations DPAT2, DPLT3 showed better drug release rate, ux and Q when compared to DPAS2, DPLS2. From the results it was concluded that darifenacin hydrobromide transdermal patch 24 (DPAT2) formulation would reduce the administration frequency, side effects and may avoid uctuations of drug level in the blood in comparison to immediate release formulations which might enhance the patient compliance.

scholarly journals Synthesis and In-vitro Characterization of Celecoxib Emulgel

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Zahrah Hasan ◽  
Maryam Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Sohail ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Cox Inhibitor

The study was aimed at developing a topical preparation of Celecoxib, a COX inhibitor available in oral dosage form only, for localized and systemic effects. Initially, celecoxib containing microemulsion was developed using liquid paraffin, tween 20, water, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, menthol and clove oil. These components were incorporated into Carbopol 934 gel, with varying ratio to achieve stable emulgel formulation. The emulgel appeared as smooth white homogenized formulation having pH 6.6-6.8. The rheological properties showed pseudo plastic nature with yield stress. The spreadability and extrudability showed sufficient consistency for ease of processing, filling and application. Microbial assay showed no contamination to ensure the stability of formulation upon storage. Ex-vivo bio-adhesive strength and skin irritation test showed no irritation on rat skin. All these parameters suggested that emulgel can be explored and developed as an effective alternative formulation for the local and systemic application of celecoxib. various body tissues, connected by blood circulatory system. Another name for non-compartmental analysis is model-independent approach that means it does not require any compartment model.

scholarly journals Exploration of neem gum-chitosan and kheri gum-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex based film for transdermal delivery of protein/peptide

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5860-5868
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Permeation ◽  
Permeation Study ◽  
Weight Variation

Present investigation is continuation of author’s previously published work. In the present investigation, the author has prepared neem gum-chitosan and kheri gum-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex transdermal film for the delivery of protein/peptide drug. Concentration of gum (neem gum and kheri gum) and chitosan was varied in each concentration while drug concentration kept constant. Albumin was used as a model protein drug. Transdermal films were fabricated using a solvent casting method without using any plasticizer and evaluated for various parameters viz. folding endurance, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, percentage moisture content, surface morphology, in vitro drug release and ex vivo drug permeation study. The study showed that films were successfully fabricated with good acceptable physical properties. In vitro drug release study and ex vivo drug permeation study showed that polyelectrolyte films were able to extend drug delivery up to 9 days. It can be easily concluded from the findings of the results that neem gum-chitosan and kheri gum-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex films can be easily prepared without using any plasticizer and able to deliver protein/peptide therapeutic agents for an extended period of time.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Alginate/Nanocellulose bionanocomposite for in vitro delivery of Ampicillin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
R Poonguzhali ◽  
S Khaleel Basha ◽  
V Sugantha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Nanocellulose Film

<p>In this study Ampicillin drug loaded with alginate and nanocellulose film was prepared by solution casting method. Nanocellulose and ampicillin incorporated into alginate to improve both mechanical and swelling property. The formulated ampicillin loaded Alg/NC film gave acceptable physicochemical properties compared with Alg-amp film and was able to deliver the drug in a prolonged release pattern. <em>In vitro</em> drug release showed that alginate, could provide an immediate release of ampicillin with further enhanced nanocellulose, and followed by a sustained release over 500 min of the remaining drug. The present study exhibited a simple and useful approach to systematically design for providing drug release profiles.</p>

scholarly journals Fexofenadine HCl Immediate Release Tablets: In vitro Characterization and Evaluation of Excipients

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahriar Ahmed ◽  
Mehrina Nazmi ◽  
Ikramul Hasan ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Shimul Haldar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Fexofenadine Hcl

Fexofenadine HCl immediate release tablets were designed to increase the dissolution rate by using superdisintegrants. Different formulations of Fexofenadine HCl were prepared by direct compression method. These formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution study. The drug release from the formulations were studied according to USP specification (USP paddle method at 50 rpm for 60 minutes) maintaining the temperature to 37°C. Sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose sodium, crospovidone (kollidon CL), ludiflash and xanthan gum were used in 3%, 6% and 8% concentrations as superdisintegrants. Thus, the ratio of superdisintegrants was changed whereas all the other excipients as well as the active drug (Fexofenadine HCl) remained same in every formulation. Here, 0.001N HCl was used as dissolution medium according to USP and absorbances were determined by using UV spectrophotometer at 217 nm. The F-3 and F-6 formulation prepared by 8% of Sodium starch glycolate and 8% of Cross carmellose sodium showed 99.99% drug release within 30 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively. The disintegration times of F-3 and F-6 formulation were within 9 seconds. The interactions between drug and excipients were characterized by FTIR spectroscopic study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14483 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 1-9, 2013

Study of physicochemical properties of flutamide-loaded Ocimum basilicum microspheres with ex vivo mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradum Pundlikrao Ige ◽  
Rohit Ravindra Badgujar ◽  
Pankaj Padmakar Nerkar ◽  
Hitendra Shaligram Mahajan ◽  
Raju Onkar Sonawane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release

Formulation and Development of Divalproex Sodium Bi-Layered Tablets using Superdisintegrants and Release Retardant Polymers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3669-3675
Author(s):  
Ankit Acharya ◽  
Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed ◽  
Ravi Chaudhari ◽  
Renukaradhya Chitti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Divalproex Sodium ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Weight Variation

Divalproex sodium is considered as the most important antiepileptic drug and widely used for treatment of epilepsy and bi-polar disorders and prophylaxis of migraine. The present work has been done to formulate bi-layered tablet of Divalproex sodium containing immediate release layer and sustained release layer. The FTIR study revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer and combination. Both layers were prepared by wet granulation technique as poor flow property exhibited by pure drug. The immediate release layer was formulated by using superdisintegrants and evaluated for physical parameters, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The optimized immediate release layer (IF6) with highest in vitro release of 98.11 was selected for bi-layered tablet formulation. HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M polymer were used to retard the drug release from sustained release layer in different proportion and combination and evaluated for physical parameter along with in vitro drug release studies. The optimized sustained release layer (SF8) which extends the Divalproex sodium release more than 18 hrs was selected. Finally, bi-layered tablets were prepared by double compression of selected sustained release layer and immediate release layer of Divalproex sodium. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release. All the physical parameters were in acceptable limit of pharmacopeial specification. The stability studies, shown the bi-layer tablet was stable at 40oC / 75% RH for a period of 3 months.  

Development of Effervescent Tablets of Alendronate Sodium with Improved Intestinal Permeation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3990-3997
Author(s):  
Prasad Vure ◽  
Sundeep Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Alendronate Sodium ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Intestinal Permeation

The aim of the present study is to develop effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium to improve their intestinal permeability to treat osteoporosis. Effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium were developed with different ratios of acid to alkaline components having a pH of about 3 to about 6.5. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The physical mixture blend was evaluated for angle of repose, true density, bulk density, compressibility index. The formulated tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content and pH. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out using the USP Type 2 apparatus. Formulation F14 was considered as optimized formulation because it shows drug release pattern higher than that of the other formulations and conventional marketed formulation. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed for the optimized formulation (F14) and that of the conventional marketed formulation. The drug release of the formulation (F14) was higher than the marketed formulation. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized formulation indicated that there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes, drug content and in vitro dispersion time. Thus, an increase in drug release may enhance absorption, in turn may enhance bioavailability.       

Design and Characterization of Nanostructure Lipid Carrier for Transdermal Delivery of Pioglitazone

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4185-4195
Author(s):  
Niket N Garude ◽  
Rachel B Geevarghese
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Systemic Availability ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release

Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) is one of the lipid-based drug delivery systems that are used as carrier for delivery of drugs. NLC are composed of mixture of solid lipid and liquid lipid, which form imperfect type of lipid matrix with improved drug loading capacity, drug release profile and stability. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize nanostructure lipid carrier for transdermal delivery of pioglitazone (PZ) to overcome the problems related with oral route of administration and to improve systemic availability. NLC’s were prepared by high-speed homogenization method. Optimized NLC formulation was evaluated for particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, DSC analysis, in-vitro drug release etc. The optimized NLC formulation was formulated as a transdermal patch and evaluated for in vitro drug release study and primary skin irritation study. In vivo hypoglycaemic activity of pioglitazone -NLC loaded transdermal patch was studied in comparison with its orally administered suspension. PZ- NLC loaded transdermal patch was found to be non-irritant and showed reduction in blood glucose level in a controlled manner up to 24 hrs.    

scholarly journals STUDYING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES ON THE FORMULATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES OF CAPTOPRIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Zainab Ahmed Sadeq ◽  
Nawal Ayash Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Ex Vivo Permeation Study ◽  
Calorimetric Studies

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate the captopril as mucoadhesive buccal films for hypertension treatment and studying the effect of different variables on the physical and mechanical behavior of the prepared films.Methods: The bucco-adhesive patches were prepared using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4 (HPMC) as film forming a polymer with secondary polymer included carbopol 934 and eudragit RL100. The patches were prepared by a solvent casting method and evaluated for the weight variation, surface pH, mechanical properties, content, uniformity, ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength, ex-vivo permeation study and drug release study.Results: Formula F5 containing HPMC as primary polymer with carbopol 934 as secondary polymer was chosen to be the best formulation for the following parameters: surface pH6.44, tensile strength (16.06), percentage elongation at break (34.14), swelling index(18.85), mucoadhesive strength(26.2 gm) and the folding endurance was>300 with an in vitro drug release about 94.73% during 6 h.Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetric studies (DSC) showed no interaction between the drug and polymers.Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral mucoadhesive buccal film of captopril, an antihypertensive agent can be prepared utilizing HPMC as a film forming a polymer with carbopol as a secondary polymer which extended the drug release through the buccal mucosa for 6 h.

scholarly journals Vaginal delivery of clotrimazole by mucoadhesion for treatment of candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Monica RP Rao ◽  
Gajanan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Eudragit L100 ◽  
Mucoadhesive Polymers ◽  
Weight Variation

The aim of this study was to prepare mucoadhesive vaginal tablets of clotrimazole for treatment of vaginal candidiasis. A combination of mucoadhesive polymers like HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, and Eudragit L100 were used in different ratios prepare solid dispersions to enhance its solubility. Tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method. Solid dispersions were evaluated for saturation solubility. All tablet batches were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, in vitro drug release study, ex vivo diffusion and mucoadhesive strength. FTIR spectra showed there was no interaction between the drug and the excipients. HPMC K100 M increased the solubility of clotrimazole in simulated vaginal fluid at pH 4.5. Eudragit L100 was shown to increase the swelling and mucoadhesive strength of the tablet, i.e., 3.03 and 3.29 g. The in vitro and ex vivo release of all 9 batches showed between 61 to 78% release in 8h. Ex vivo diffusion studies using sheep vaginal membrane showed 43 to 59% in 6h in simulated vaginal fluid. The release and flux were nearly comparable to marketed tablet i.e., Candid-V6. The drug release of all batches followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model, and the mechanism was found to be non‐Fickian/anomalous. Keywords: Clotrimazole, solid dispersion, HPMC K100M, Eudragit L100, Sodium CMC.

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