scholarly journals A MATLAB-Based Framework for Designing 3D Topology Optimized Soft Robotic Grippers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilun Sun ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Nandi Zhou ◽  
Tim C. Lueth
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Continuum Structure ◽  
Future Work ◽  
3D Topology

Soft robotic grippers are widely used in different industrial applications since they show great advantages in the adaptable grasping of objects with irregular shapes. However, as many soft grippers have a monolithic structure and gain their motion from the elastic deformation, it is difficult to use the conventional rigid-body mechanism theory to synthesize the shape of the soft grippers. To cope with this problem, the topology optimization is frequently employed as synthesis method since it can achieve automatic design of continuum-structure mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D topology optimization framework in MATLAB to achieve automatic design of soft robotic grippers. Two design examples are also presented to illustrate the automatic synthesis process. Experimental tests have shown that the 3D topology optimized grippers in the example can successfully grasp objects with different shapes. In future work, the proposed framework can be further developed to synthesize soft robotic grippers with different actuation mechanisms and task-specific grasping behaviors.

scholarly journals A MATLAB-Based Framework for Designing 3D Topology Optimized Soft Robotic Grippers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilun Sun ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Nandi Zhou ◽  
Tim C. Lueth
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Continuum Structure ◽  
Future Work ◽  
3D Topology

Soft robotic grippers are widely used in different industrial applications since they show great advantages in the adaptable grasping of objects with irregular shapes. However, as many soft grippers have a monolithic structure and gain their motion from the elastic deformation, it is difficult to use the conventional rigid-body mechanism theory to synthesize the shape of the soft grippers. To cope with this problem, the topology optimization is frequently employed as synthesis method since it can achieve automatic design of continuum-structure mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D topology optimization framework in MATLAB to achieve automatic design of soft robotic grippers. Two design examples are also presented to illustrate the automatic synthesis process. Experimental tests have shown that the 3D topology optimized grippers in the example can successfully grasp objects with different shapes. In future work, the proposed framework can be further developed to synthesize soft robotic grippers with different actuation mechanisms and task-specific grasping behaviors.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Low Cost Titanium Silicalite-1 Zeolite for Highly Efficient Propylene Epoxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Zihan Huang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Yiqiang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Titanium Silicalite ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Propylene Epoxidation ◽  
Widespread Application

Developing an effective and low-cost system to synthesize titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite is desirable for a range of industrial applications. To date, the poor catalytic activity of the synthesized zeolite due to the low amount of framework titanium and large crystal size is the main obstacle limiting the widespread application of this material. Moreover, a large amount of wastewater is often produced by the existing synthesis process. Herein, a green and sustainable route for synthesizing small-crystal TS-1 with a high fraction of framework Ti was demonstrated via a seed-assisted method using a tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr)-ethanolamine hydrothermal system. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of TS-1 was investigated. With the assistance of nanosized S-1 seeds, the incorporation of Ti into the framework of TS-1 was promoted, and the crystallization rate was effectively accelerated. After alkaline etching, the obtained hierarchical TS-1 had higher catalytic activity towards propylene epoxidation with an extremely high turnover frequency of 1,650 h−1. Furthermore, the mother liquid during the hydrothermal reaction could be reused for the next synthesis procedure. Consequently, utilization ratios of both ethanolamine and TPABr exceeding 95% were achieved by recycling the mother liquid. This low-cost approach for reducing wastewater could be easily scaled up to provide a promising synthesis method for the industrial production of TS-1 and other topological zeolites.

scholarly journals A highly thermotolerant laccase produced by Cerrena unicolor strain CGMCC 5.1011 for complete and stable malachite green decolorization

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Yao ◽  
Guimei Zhou ◽  
Yonghui Lin ◽  
Xinqi Xu ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Laccases are a class of multi-copper oxidases with important industrial values. A thermotolerant laccase produced by a basidiomycete fungal strain Cerrena unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 was studied. With glycerin and peptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, a maximal laccase activity of 121.7 U/mL was attained after cultivation in the shaking flask for 15 days. Transcriptomics analysis revealed an expressed laccase gene family of 12 members in C. unicolor strain CGMCC 5.1011, and the gene and cDNA sequences were cloned. A glycosylated laccase was purified from the fermentation broth of Cerrena unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 and corresponded to Lac2 based on MALDI-TOF MS/MS identification. Lac2 was stable at pH 5.0 and above, and was resistant to organic solvents. Lac2 displayed remarkable thermostability, with half-life time of 1.67 h at 70 ºC. Consistently, Lac2 was able to completely decolorize malachite green (MG) at high temperatures, whereas Lac7 from Cerrena sp. HYB07 resulted in accumulation of colored MG transformation intermediates. Molecular dynamics simulation of Lac2 was conducted, and possible mechanisms underlying Lac2 thermostability were discussed. The robustness of C. unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 laccase would not only be useful for industrial applications, but also provide a template for future work to develop thermostable laccases.

Characterization of bismuth telluride aerogels for thermoelectric applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Dong ◽  
Wendell Rhine ◽  
Greg Caggiano ◽  
Owen R. Evans ◽  
George Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Colloidal Chemistry ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Te Material

ABSTRACTRefrigeration, air conditioning, and other cooling requirements in buildings, industry, and transportation sectors account for about 10 quads of U.S. primary energy consumption. Therefore, advanced technologies for space cooling in buildings and vehicles – as well as for refrigeration in residential, commercial, and industrial applications – that are more energy efficient, avoid net direct greenhouse gas emissions, reduce lifecycle costs, and can impact large markets are needed. Although current technologies are reaching their efficiency limits, thermoelectric (TE) materials can be used for cooling applications and have potential for significant improvements. Compared to traditional bulk phase TE materials, literature results suggest that nanometer-scale materials allow additional opportunities to improve the efficiency of TE materials. Aerogels are one type of nano-material that offers opportunities to increase the efficiency of TE materials by controlling particle size, particle composition and by reducing the thermal conductivity. Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is the most studied TE material and our objective was to produce bismuth telluride aerogels with controlled microstructures and thermal conductivities to increase the TE figure of merit. Aspen Aerogels developed a novel synthesis method to prepare Bi2Te3 aerogels using the principles of colloidal chemistry and sol-gel chemistry. The reaction conditions were investigated and optimized so that gels could be obtained at low reaction temperatures. The gels were aged and dried using supercritical CO2. The aerogels were characterized by BET, XRD, and SEM. The best aerogels were hot pressed and Seebeck coefficients were determined. The synthetic approach developed and the properties of the aerogels will be presented and compared with Bi2Te3 aerogels and materials prepared by other methods.

scholarly journals A Novel Photosynthesis of Carboxymethyl Starch-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Carboxymethyl Starch ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
First Time

The water soluble photoinitiator (PI) 4-(trimethyl ammonium methyl) benzophenone chloride is used for the first time in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A new green synthesis method involves using PI/UV system, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), silver nitrate, and water. A mechanism of the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs by PI/UV system as well as by the newly born aldehydic groups was proposed. The synthesis process was assessed by UV-vis spectra and TEM of AgNPs colloidal solution. The highest absorbance was obtained using CMS, PI and AgNO3concentrations of 10 g/L, 1 g/L, and 1 g/L, respectively; 40°C; 60 min; pH 7; and a material : liquor ratio 1 : 20. AgNPs so-obtained were stable in aqueous solution over a period of three weeks at room temperature (~25°C) and have round shape morphology. The sizes of synthesized AgNPs were in the range of 1–21 nm and the highest counts % of these particles were for particles of 6–10 and 1–3 nm, respectively.

Effect of the Synthesis Method on the Properties of Ultrafine YAG Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Jie Guang Song ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Cai Liang Pang ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Xian Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Co Precipitation

YAG materials has a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In this paper, the superfine YAG powder materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and hydrothermal precipitation method. The influence of synthesis process on the morphology of the powder was investigated. The results showed that the precursor powder prepared via the co-precipitation method is mainly from amorphous to crystalline transition with the increasing calcination temperature, the precursor agglomeration is more serious, In the process of increasing the calcination temperature, the dispersibility of the roasted powder is greatly improved, which is favorable for the growth of the crystal grains, so that the particle size of the powder is gradually increased, the YAG precursor prepared by the co-precipitation method is transformed into YAG crystals, the phase transition occurs mainly between 900 and 1100°C. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is Y3+: OH-=1: 8 via the hydrothermal reaction, the YAG particles with homogeneous morphology can be obtained. When the molar ratio of salt and alkali is increased continuously, the morphology of YAG particles is not obviously changed. The co-precipitation method is easy to control the particle size, the hydrothermal method is easy to control the particle morphology.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Ag Nanoclusters for Detecting Cu2+ Ions and Its “Switch-On” Sensing Application for GSH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Shang ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
Jiao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Emission Peak ◽  
Silver Nanoclusters ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Blue Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescent Sensing ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Ag Ncs

Herein, we prepared the L-histidine- (His-) protected silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) by the microwave synthesis method. The synthesis process was rapid, facile, and environmentally friendly. Under 356 nm excitation, the as-prepared Ag NCs exhibited the blue fluorescence, and the fluorescence emission peak was located at 440 nm. The Ag NCs could successfully detect trace copper (Cu2+) ions in the aqueous solution and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.6 pM. Interestingly, the Ag NCs showed a different pH-dependent selectivity for both Cu2+ and iron (Fe3+) ions with no responses to other heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the as-fabricated fluorescent sensing system was utilized to detect glutathione (GSH, the LOD was 0.8 nM) by using the “switch-on” fluorescence recovery of Ag NCs through adding glutathione (GSH) to the Cu2+-Ag NCs solution.

scholarly journals Review on the Synthesis Methods of Nano-Tungsten Oxide Dihydrate Colloid

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Khizar Mushtaq ◽  
Pui May Chou ◽  
Chin Wei Lai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Transition Element ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Future Work

Tungsten being a transition element, forms oxide compounds of various oxidation states that enables it to form nanocolloids of tungsten oxide dihydrate. Multiple methods have been used in recent years to synthesize nano tungsten oxide dihydrate, including sol-gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis and anodization. However, a universally accepted synthesis method for this material is not offered. The most appropriate method and its corresponding processing parameters for the synthesis of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate colloids were presented in the present study. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of processing parameters, i.e. applied voltage, temperature and anodizing duration on the particle size of nanocolloids. It is found that anodization is the easiest, efficient, and cost-effective method to synthesize the colloidal solution of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate. Conducting the synthesis at room temperature at a voltage of 50 V for 60 minutes yields the product with particle size of 40 – 60 nm, which can be used in wide array of applications. This paper also highlights the research gaps for future work and gives recommendations to extend this study particularly for the industrial application of tungsten oxide.

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