scholarly journals Characterization of Wearable and Implanted Antennas: Test Procedure and Range Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Berkelmann ◽  
Dirk Manteuffel
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Range ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Path Loss Measurements

A method for measuring de-embedded antenna parameters of wearable and implanted antennas for on-body communications is presented. It consists of a tapered flat phantom in order to characterize an antenna’s general ability to excite surface waves travelling along the boundary between body tissue and free space expressed by an angular on-body antenna gain. The design offers a test zone large enough for most typical Wireless Body Area Network devices up to smartphone-size while minimizing the required amount of tissue-simulating material. The designed antenna test range is validated in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. In order to showcase the applicability to a realistic application, different designs of antennas integrated into an implanted pacemaker are characterized by their on-body gain patterns. A comparison of their performance in in-situ path-loss measurements reveals a clear relation to the on-body gain patterns and indicates that this parameter is a suitable measure for enabling educated antenna design for on-body applications.<br>

scholarly journals Characterization of Wearable and Implanted Antennas: Test Procedure and Range Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Berkelmann ◽  
Dirk Manteuffel
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Range ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Path Loss Measurements

A method for measuring de-embedded antenna parameters of wearable and implanted antennas for on-body communications is presented. It consists of a tapered flat phantom in order to characterize an antenna’s general ability to excite surface waves travelling along the boundary between body tissue and free space expressed by an angular on-body antenna gain. The design offers a test zone large enough for most typical Wireless Body Area Network devices up to smartphone-size while minimizing the required amount of tissue-simulating material. The designed antenna test range is validated in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. In order to showcase the applicability to a realistic application, different designs of antennas integrated into an implanted pacemaker are characterized by their on-body gain patterns. A comparison of their performance in in-situ path-loss measurements reveals a clear relation to the on-body gain patterns and indicates that this parameter is a suitable measure for enabling educated antenna design for on-body applications.<br>

scholarly journals Characterization of Wearable and Implanted Antennas: Test Procedure and Range Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Berkelmann ◽  
Dirk Manteuffel
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Range ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Path Loss Measurements

A method for measuring de-embedded antenna parameters of wearable and implanted antennas for on-body communications is presented. It consists of a tapered flat phantom in order to characterize an antenna’s general ability to excite surface waves travelling along the boundary between body tissue and free space expressed by an angular on-body antenna gain. The design offers a test zone large enough for most typical Wireless Body Area Network devices up to smartphone-size while minimizing the required amount of tissue-simulating material. The designed antenna test range is validated in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. In order to showcase the applicability to a realistic application, different designs of antennas integrated into an implanted pacemaker are characterized by their on-body gain patterns. A comparison of their performance in in-situ path-loss measurements reveals a clear relation to the on-body gain patterns and indicates that this parameter is a suitable measure for enabling educated antenna design for on-body applications.<br>

Channel Characterization of Walking Passerby's Effects on 2.48-GHz Wireless Body Area Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1495-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Wee Kim ◽  
Terence S. P. See ◽  
Tat Meng Chiam ◽  
Yu Ge ◽  
Zhi Ning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Channel Characterization

The Leaching Behaviour of the Swedish KBS-Glasses ABS 39 and ABS 41

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Hermansson ◽  
Hilbert Christensen ◽  
Lars Werme ◽  
Kaija Ollila ◽  
Rune Lundqwist
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Simulated Waste ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Corrosion Investigation

ABSTRACTThe planned Swedish KBS glass corrosion investigation program comprises experiments with inactive glasses containing simulated waste, prolonged in-situ tests, the characterization of corrosion products, immiscibility studies, and corrosion experiments with “hot” glass.This presentation gives a short description of the entire program. It focuses thereafter on some recent leaching results with the inactive KBS glass qualities ABS 39 and ABS 41, which were leached in a manner similar to the PNL MCC–1 test procedure.

scholarly journals Advanced Biophysical Model to Capture Channel Variability for EQS Capacitive HBC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunashish Datta ◽  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
David Yang ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Channel Response ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Channel Loss

AbstractHuman Body Communication (HBC) has come up as a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technologies. This is essentially due to HBC providing a broadband communication channel with enhanced signal security in the physical layer due to lower radiation from the human body as compared to its RF counterparts. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism for the channel loss variability and associated biophysical model needs to be developed before EQS-HBC can be used more frequently in WBAN consumer and medical applications. Biophysical models characterizing the human body as a communication channel didn’t exist in literature for a long time. Recent developments have shown models that capture the channel response for fixed transmitter and receiver positions on the human body. These biophysical models do not capture the variability in the HBC channel for varying positions of the devices with respect to the human body. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the change in path loss in a capacitive-HBC channel in the electroquasistatic (EQS) domain. Causes of channel loss variability namely: inter-device coupling and effects of fringe fields due to body’s shadowing effects are investigated. FEM based simulation results are used to analyze the channel response of human body for different positions and sizes of the device which are further verified using measurement results to validate the developed biophysical model. Using the bio-physical model, we develop a closed form equation for the path loss in a capacitive HBC channel which is then analyzed as a function of the geometric properties of the device and the position with respect to the human body which will help pave the path towards future EQS-HBC WBAN design.

Minimizing path loss and improving security in wireless body area networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Anguraj ◽  
Abul Bashar ◽  
R. Nidhya ◽  
P.K. Shimna ◽  
Renjith V. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is energy consumption and security. To extend the sensor’s life span, saving the energy in a sensor is important. In this paper, biosensors are implanted or suited on the human body, and then, transposition has been applied for biosensors for reducing the sensor distance from the sink node. After transposition path loss has been calculated, security is maintained and also compared the results with the existing strategies.Design/methodology/approachNowadays, one of the most emergent technologies is wireless body area network (WBAN), which represents to improve the quality of life and also allow for monitoring the remote patient and other health-care applications. Traffic routing plays a main role together with the relay nodes, which is used to collect the biosensor’s information and send it towards the sink.FindingsTo calculate the distance and observe the position, Euclidean distance technique is used. Path loss is the main parameter, which is needed to reduce for making better data transmission and to make the network stability. Routing protocols can be designed, with the help of proposed values of sensors locations in the human body, which gives good stability of network and lifetime. It helps to achieve as the less deplete energy.Originality/valueThis scheme is compared with the two existing schemes and shows the result in terms of parameter path loss. Moreover, this paper evaluated a new method for improving the security in WBAN. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal sensor location on the body and select the biosensor positions where they can get less energy while transmitting the data to the sink node, increasing the life span in biosensors, decreasing memory space, giving security, controlling the packet complexity and buffer overflow and also fixing the damages in the existing system.

scholarly journals A Fuzzy based Methods in Wireless Body Area Network for Controlling Congestion

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 721-725
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Inference System

With the wireless communication, the ways of communication in present era of technology has changed which helps in fastest and efficient way of communication in each and every domain. In the field of medical science, to sense the human body activities such as heartbeat, blood pressure and other activities performed by internal body parts of the human, Wireless Sensor Network is employed. Then this sensed data is transmitted to the centralized server. The information that is collected is made to transfer to the destination through a dedicated route created by routing protocols in form of data packets. Thus, the network sometimes faces the issue of congestion due to increased data traffic to the nodes. The present paper defines an enhanced congestion handling concept for Wireless Body Area Network. For this purpose, the cost function of the nodes is evaluated on the basis of major factors such as distance, residual energy and delay. Additionally, by applying the Fuzzy Inference System, the congestion control model is executed. It also improves the routing strategy by introducing the firefly algorithm based forward-looking node selection approach. For evaluation, the proposed work is simulated in MATLAB and compared with the traditional congestion technique. The simulation results show that the lifetime of the network increases by 30%. The efficiency of packet received at sink improves by 18%. Path loss in the present study is 33% less as compared to traditional approach. And, also consumes near about 8% less energy.

scholarly journals Proposed New Framework Scheme for Path Loss in Wireless Body Area Network

2022 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Israa Al_Barazanchi ◽  
Yitong Niu ◽  
Haider Rasheed Abdulshaheed ◽  
Wahidah Hashim ◽  
Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Video Display Unit ◽  
New Framework

Recent technical developments in wi-fi networking, microelectronic integration and programming, sensors and the Internet have enabled us to create and enforce a range of new framework schemes to fulfil the necessities of healthcare-related wireless body area network (WBAN). WBAN sensors continually screen and measure patients’ indispensable signs and symptoms, and relay them to scientific monitoring for diagnosis. WBAN has a range of applications, the most necessary of which is to help patients suffering diseases to stay alive. The quality instance is the coronary heart implant sensor, whose video display unit monitors coronary heart sign and continuously transmits it. This setup eliminates the need for patients to visit the medical doctor frequently. Instead, they can take a seat at home and acquire an analysis and prescription for the disease. Today, a sizable effort is being made to increase low-power sensors and gadgets for utility in WBAN. A new framework scheme that addresses route loss in WBAN and discusses its penalties in depth is endorsed in this paper. The new framework scheme is applied to three case scenarios to obtain parameters by measuring vital information about the human body. On-body and intrabody conversation simulations are conducted. On-body conversation findings show that the route loss between transmitter and receiver rises with growing distance and frequency

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