Attori e strumenti delle politiche per l’innovazione

Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardi

After explaining a large set of new concepts and proposing a new theoretical frame, we first depict same stereotypical behavioral and strategic propensities emerging in human systems according an important managerial literature. Then we highlight the systemic models emerging from the strategies implemented by some Italian Regions in managing innovation dynamics. The arrival of the analysis is the identification of more effective tools for founding innovation policies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-413
Author(s):  
Pim Arendsen ◽  
Diego Marcos ◽  
Devis Tuia

In this paper, we study how to extract visual concepts to understand landscape scenicness. Using visual feature representations from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), we learn a number of Concept Activation Vectors (CAV) aligned with semantic concepts from ancillary datasets. These concepts represent objects, attributes or scene categories that describe outdoor images. We then use these CAVs to study their impact on the (crowdsourced) perception of beauty of landscapes in the United Kingdom. Finally, we deploy a technique to explore new concepts beyond those initially available in the ancillary dataset: Using a semi-supervised manifold alignment technique, we align the CNN image representation to a large set of word embeddings, therefore giving access to entire dictionaries of concepts. This allows us to obtain a list of new concept candidates to improve our understanding of the elements that contribute the most to the perception of scenicness. We do this without the need for any additional data by leveraging the commonalities in the visual and word vector spaces. Our results suggest that new and potentially useful concepts can be discovered by leveraging neighbourhood structures in the word vector spaces.


2018 ◽  
Vol Épistémologies du pluriel (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cicchelli ◽  
Sylvie Octobre

International audience Cosmopolitanism has a long and cyclic history. Often referred to as ‘neo cosmopolitanism», its use in the current context raises a number of difficulties, both conceptual and methodological. However, by rephrasing ancient philosophical frames in sociological terms, this perspective offers a new evaluation grid for specific globalization processes, that avoids mere economistic views, providing insights regarding changes in the political, ethical, cultural and aesthetical dimensions of the link to otherness in a global world. Taking part in the «cosmopolitan turn» – which supposes new concepts and methodological tools – we propose a theoretical frame based on three scales of analysis: the dynamics of cosmopolitan culture, the institutions ofcosmopolitan governance, the processes of cosmopolitan socialization. El cosmopolitismo tiene una historia larga y cíclica. En el contexto actual, el frecuentemente denominado neo-cosmopolitismo provoca una serie dedificultades tanto conceptuales como metodológicas. Por ello, esta perspectiva propone traducir sociológicamente las antiguas matrices filosóficas a través de una tabla de análisis de los fenómenos propios de la globalización para de este modo distanciarse de una visión puramente económica de la ésta y considerar las transformaciones políticas, éticas, culturales y estéticas de las relaciones con el otro en el mundo global.Al suscribir al “giro cosmopolita” – que supone una refundación de conceptos, herramientas y métodos –, proponemos un marco teórico fundado en el análisis de tres escalas de observación : las dinámicas de la cultura cosmopolita, las instituciones de la gobernanza cosmopolita y los mecanismos de la socialización cosmopolita. Le cosmopolitisme a une histoire ancienne et cyclique. Souvent désigné sous le terme de néo-cosmopolitisme, son usage dans le contexte actuelsoulève une série de difficultés tant conceptuelles que méthodologiques. Pourtant, en traduisant sociologiquement d’anciennes matrices philosophiques, cette perspective propose une grille d’analyse inédite des phénomènes propres à la globalisation qui permet de sortir d’une vision purement économique de cette dernière en considérant les transformations politiques, éthiques, culturelles, esthétiques du rapport à autrui dans le monde global. En nous inscrivant dans le «tournant cosmopolite» – qui suppose une refondation des concepts, outils et méthodes –, nous proposons un cadre théorique fondé sur l’analyse de trois plans d’observation : les dynamiques de la culture cosmopolite, les institutions de la gouvernance cosmopolite, les mécanismes de la socialisation cosmopolite.


Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljovkina ◽  
Dusseault ◽  
Zaharova ◽  
Klochkov

The regional development path depends on managing innovation resources. However, increasing the quantity of innovation activity and managing innovation resources only by financial indicators does not guarantee progress in sustainable development. This paper argues that basic conditions for effective sustainability-oriented innovation activities are: (1) the accordance of relevant activities with sustainable development ethics and (2) their marked focus on systemic and long-term sustainable development targets. These parameters can be considered fundamental principles for designing and developing effective sustainability-oriented innovation systems and innovation policies. Analysis of the two basic principles precedes estimation of the effectiveness of innovation activities, innovation systems, or innovation policies. In this paper, a special typological analysis technique was applied to assess basic conditions for the effectiveness of sustainability-oriented innovation activities observed in the case of the Tyumen region, Russia. It was found that since 2009 the Tyumen regional innovation support system has not been conceptually designed in accordance with sustainable development ethics or considering a long-term vision. Therefore, the projects themselves afford only temporary solutions to regional problems by implementing innovations that mainly have short-term and mid-term social–economic effects. As a result of the analysis of fundamental conditions for sustainability-oriented innovation activities in Tyumen region, this paper proposes recommendations on necessary measures for redesigning decision-making principles of regional innovation support systems in order to significantly increase the potential impact on the development of a truly sustainable regional economy.


Author(s):  
Xudong Weng ◽  
O.F. Sankey ◽  
Peter Rez

Single electron band structure techniques have been applied successfully to the interpretation of the near edge structures of metals and other materials. Among various band theories, the linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) method is especially simple and interpretable. The commonly used empirical LCAO method is mainly an interpolation method, where the energies and wave functions of atomic orbitals are adjusted in order to fit experimental or more accurately determined electron states. To achieve better accuracy, the size of calculation has to be expanded, for example, to include excited states and more-distant-neighboring atoms. This tends to sacrifice the simplicity and interpretability of the method.In this paper. we adopt an ab initio scheme which incorporates the conceptual advantage of the LCAO method with the accuracy of ab initio pseudopotential calculations. The so called pscudo-atomic-orbitals (PAO's), computed from a free atom within the local-density approximation and the pseudopotential approximation, are used as the basis of expansion, replacing the usually very large set of plane waves in the conventional pseudopotential method. These PAO's however, do not consist of a rigorously complete set of orthonormal states.


Author(s):  
Michael schatz ◽  
Joachim Jäger ◽  
Marin van Heel

Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin is a giant oxygen-transporting macromolecule in the blood of the common earth worm (worm "hemoglobin"). In our current study, we use specimens (kindly provided by Drs W.E. Royer and W.A. Hendrickson) embedded in vitreous ice (1) to avoid artefacts encountered with the negative stain preparation technigue used in previous studies (2-4).Although the molecular structure is well preserved in vitreous ice, the low contrast and high noise level in the micrographs represent a serious problem in image interpretation. Moreover, the molecules can exhibit many different orientations relative to the object plane of the microscope in this type of preparation. Existing techniques of analysis requiring alignment of the molecular views relative to one or more reference images often thus yield unsatisfactory results.We use a new method in which first rotation-, translation- and mirror invariant functions (5) are derived from the large set of input images, which functions are subsequently classified automatically using multivariate statistical techniques (6). The different molecular views in the data set can therewith be found unbiasedly (5). Within each class, all images are aligned relative to that member of the class which contributes least to the classes′ internal variance (6). This reference image is thus the most typical member of the class. Finally the aligned images from each class are averaged resulting in molecular views with enhanced statistical resolution.


Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones

In comparison with the developers of other forms of instrumentation, scanning electron microscope manufacturers are among the most conservative of people. New concepts usually must wait many years before being exploited commercially. The field emission gun, developed by Albert Crewe and his coworkers in 1968 is only now becoming widely available in commercial instruments, while the innovative lens designs of Mulvey are still waiting to be commercially exploited. The associated electronics is still in general based on operating procedures which have changed little since the original microscopes of Oatley and his co-workers.The current interest in low-voltage scanning electron microscopy will, if sub-nanometer resolution is to be obtained in a useable instrument, lead to fundamental changes in the design of the electron optics. Perhaps this is an opportune time to consider other fundamental changes in scanning electron microscopy instrumentation.


1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
LaVonne Bergstrom ◽  
Janet Stewart

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Marion Lindblad-Goldberg

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