scholarly journals Autisme als meerduidig en politiek fenomeen: een disability studies perspectief

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leni Van Goidsenhoven ◽  
Gert-Jan Vanaken
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Epistemic Humility ◽  
Objective Sense ◽  
Relational Concepts ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Political Understanding

In clinical practice and research, we often explain what autism is by using several definite and seemingly neutral sentences. However, can we know what autism is in a truly objective sense? Is it moreover justified to put forward persistently the medical-clinical perspective as an explanation? To answer these questions, we first look at the interdisciplinary field of Disability Studies, paying special attention to the concept of neurodiversity. Drawing on that field and its insights, we do not only unravel the multiple meanings of autism, but we also make an argument for an urgent understanding of autism as an ambiguous and political phenomenon. This understanding implies thinking autism in contextual and relational concepts and recognizing the mutability of the phenomenon. Furthermore, by drawing on concrete examples, we demonstrate why an ambiguous and political understanding of autism is urgent, both in individual trajectories as in thinking about early autism detection and intervention. Finally, we conclude our article by arguing for an attitude of epistemic humility. We also offer some suggestions on how to implement ambiguity and political understanding of autism in a clinical and research context.

scholarly journals Individual Expectation: An Overlooked, but Pertinent, Factor in the Treatment of Individuals Experiencing Musculoskeletal Pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Bialosky ◽  
Mark D. Bishop ◽  
Joshua A. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

Physical therapists consider many factors in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal pain. The current literature suggests expectation is an influential component of clinical outcomes related to musculoskeletal pain for which physical therapists frequently do not account. The purpose of this clinical perspective is to highlight the potential role of expectation in the clinical outcomes associated with the rehabilitation of individuals experiencing musculoskeletal pain. The discussion focuses on the definition and measurement of expectation, the relationship between expectation and outcomes related to musculoskeletal pain conditions, the mechanisms through which expectation may alter musculoskeletal pain conditions, and suggested ways in which clinicians may integrate the current literature regarding expectation into clinical practice.

Disability and Music

Music ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Lerner ◽  
Blake Howe
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Us ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Work Done

In the final decades of the 20th century, as disability rights activists protested ableist prejudice and discrimination, scholars began to group themselves around the topic of disability. In 1982 the Society for Disability Studies was founded; 1990 saw the passage of the US Americans with Disabilities Act, a piece of landmark legislation that sought to address systemic discrimination on the basis of physical and mental disabilities; and conferences and journals devoted to Disability Studies began to flourish in the 1990s. The relatively young interdisciplinary field of Disability Studies approaches disability beyond the traditional epistemologies of medical science and instead considers bodily and mental differences as both embodied experiences and constructs of particular cultures and societies. Following earlier work done on gender, sexuality, and race/ethnicity, Disability Studies explores the social, cultural, and historical meanings of disability as a manifestation of human variety, celebrating disability as a difference while acknowledging the lived experience of possessing a bodily or mental impairment. While music scholars have long been aware of the possibility of composers and performers with impairments—Beethoven’s deafness is central to the narrative of Western music history—they only began to engage with ideas from Disability Studies in the first decade of the 21st century. The year 2006 was notable for both an article in a major music journal (Straus 2006, cited under Music and Disability Studies) and the first book-length study on disability in music (Lerner and Straus 2006, also under Music and Disability Studies). A large body of music scholarship quickly followed, including dissertations, conferences papers, journal articles, and monographs, and the scope and approaches to music and disability have been as varied and distinct as the human bodies and minds under study.

scholarly journals Voice for Health: The Use of Vocal Biomarkers from Research to Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Guy Fagherazzi ◽  
Aurélie Fischer ◽  
Muhannad Ismael ◽  
Vladimir Despotovic
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Voice Analysis ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Near Future

Diseases can affect organs such as the heart, lungs, brain, muscles, or vocal folds, which can then alter an individual’s voice. Therefore, voice analysis using artificial intelligence opens new opportunities for healthcare. From using vocal biomarkers for diagnosis, risk prediction, and remote monitoring of various clinical outcomes and symptoms, we offer in this review an overview of the various applications of voice for health-related purposes. We discuss the potential of this rapidly evolving environment from a research, patient, and clinical perspective. We also discuss the key challenges to overcome in the near future for a substantial and efficient use of voice in healthcare.

scholarly journals Normalizing the Abnormal: Disability in Music and Music Theory

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH N. STRAUS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Abstract The emerging interdisciplinary field of disability studies takes as its subject matter the historical, social, and cultural construction of disability. After a brief introduction to disability studies, this article explores the interconnected histories of disability and music as they are manifested in three theoretical approaches to late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Western art music (the musical Formenlehre and the tonal theories of Schoenberg and Schenker) and in three works by Beethoven and Schubert. Around the turn of the nineteenth century in Western Europe, disability began to be understood not as something natural and permanent but rather as a deviation from a normative standard, and thus subject to possible remediation. In the same time and place, art music also underwent a significant shift (reflected in the more recent theoretical traditions that have grown up around it), one that involved an increasing interest in rhetorically marked deviations from diatonic and formal normativity, and the possibility of their narrative recuperation. The article describes ways in which language about music and music itself may be understood both to represent and construct disability. More generally, it suggests that disability should take its place alongside nationality, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexual orientation as a significant category for cultural analysis, including the analysis of music.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment from the Perspective of the Social Model of Disability: A Teaching Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujde Koca-Atabey
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stanford Prison Experiment

This article aims to revisit the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) from the perspective of disability studies. The SPE is an issue that inevitably comes to light while teaching Social Psychology and how it contributes to a different course titled Psychological, Social and Cultural Aspects of Disabilities. The SPE presents a pioneering piece of research within Social Psychology. Similarly, the social model has reformed the concept of disability. The SPE and further studies demonstrate the importance of social forces in shaping human behaviour; i.e. they explore how good people might turn evil in particular circumstances. The social model of disability emphasises the role of social oppression in creating disability. As these two courses contribute to each other, it is discussed that an appropriate level of analysis within the discipline of psychology has much to contribute to the inherently interdisciplinary field of disability studies and vice versa. Interdisciplinary curriculums might be a step towards inclusive higher education.

Pain Made Holy

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Joanne Woiak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Multiple Meanings

Through an examination of the experiences of Castillar Lupe dy Cazaril, protagonist of Lois McMaster Bujold’s The Curse of Chalion, this chapter argues that the novel mirrors academic and advocacy agendas on the topics of passing, sexuality, and care, while ultimately relating to emerging perspectives from queer disability studies critiques of normalcy. The chapter engages with The Curse of Chalion as a text that illustrates and contributes to theoretical and activist work on disability in relation to vulnerability and cure, through the multiple meanings of Cazaril’s ‘holy pain’. The chapter shows how, in its overarching concern with embodiment through Cazaril’s physical suffering, fatigue, chronic illness, and rehabilitation, Bujold’s speculative narrative aligns with recent disability studies and disability justice frameworks that hold space for multiple, nuanced perspectives on these issues, inviting examination of the connections between the bodily and social dimensions of disability.

scholarly journals The clinical perspective: How to personalise treatment in MS and how may biomarkers including imaging contribute to this?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vermersch ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
Ralf Gold ◽  
Carsten Lukas ◽  
Alex Rovira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
Personalised Treatment ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly heterogeneous disease, both in its course and in its response to treatments. Effective biomarkers may help predict disability progression and monitor patients’ treatment responses. Objective: The aim of this review was to focus on how biomarkers may contribute to treatment individualisation in MS patients. Methods: This review reflects the content of presentations, polling results and discussions on the clinical perspective of MS during the first and second Pan-European MS Multi-stakeholder Colloquia in Brussels in May 2014 and 2015. Results: In clinical practice, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures play a significant role in the diagnosis and follow-up of MS patients. Together with clinical markers, the rate of MRI-visible lesion accrual once a patient has started treatment may also help to predict subsequent treatment responsiveness. In addition, several molecular (immunological, genetic) biomarkers have been established that may play a role in predictive models of MS relapses and progression. To reach personalised treatment decisions, estimates of disability progression and likely treatment response should be carefully considered alongside the risk of serious adverse events, together with the patient’s treatment expectations. Conclusion: Although biomarkers may be very useful for individualised decision making in MS, many are still research tools and need to be validated before implementation in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Clinics of work: An Alternative Vision of Occupational Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Johnny Orejuela ◽  
Sigmar Malvezzi ◽  
Andrés Vásquez ◽  
Ana Magnolia Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Work And Organizations

This theoretical paper depicts the clinics of work as a subdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of the social psychology of work and organizations, interested in analyzing and intervening from a critical-clinical perspective in the subjectivity-work-context relationship, in the context of discomfort, suffering, and pleasure, and thus, in the mental health within this field. Consequently, it separates from traditional occupational health, which ignores subjective singularities. The subdiscipline of clinics of work develops the determinants of pleasure, discomfort, and suffering at work, standing out in the process as a possible alternative of occupational health, based on research practice and intervention from a critical perspective.

Sociological Perspectives on Disability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Sociology Of Health

This chapter outlines the roots of disability scholarship in sociology and how the sociology of disability subfield positions disability as an axis of inequality. The first part of the chapter argues that sociology is uniquely positioned to understand how disability as a social category is made through institutional structures, larger patterns of exclusion and inclusion, and emphasis on power and inequality. Yet it is often excluded in measurements and analyses in the discipline. The chapter then turns to the origins of disability scholarship in sociology, its influence on the interdisciplinary field of disability studies, and the emergent subfield of sociology of disability within the discipline. The remaining parts of the chapter survey how disability has been studied across subfields such as sociology of health and illness, sociology of body/embodiment, and feminist sociological scholarship. In discussing disability across these subfields, divergences between mainstream sociology and the sociology of disability are highlighted in an effort to map their departures and pinpoint why disability as a category or axis of inequality is persistently underresearched in sociology. The chapter concludes with thoughts about where new scholarship on disability might be going in sociology.

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