Review article: The effect of borax as a food additive on energy metabolism

The hypothalamus is a heterogeneous rostral forebrain region that regulates physiological processes essential for survival, energy metabolism, and reproduction, mainly mediated by the pituitary gland. In the updated prosomeric model, the hypothalamus represents the rostralmost forebrain, composed of two segmental regions (terminal and peduncular hypothalamus), which extend respectively into the non-evaginated preoptic telencephalon and the evaginated pallio-subpallial telencephalon. Complex genetic cascades of transcription factors and signaling molecules rule their development. Alterations of some of these molecular mechanisms acting during forebrain development are associated with more or less severe hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunctions, which may be associated with brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly or septo-optic dysplasia. Studies on transgenic mice with mutated genes encoding critical transcription factors implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary development are contributing to understanding the high clinical complexity of these pathologies. In this review article, we will analyze first the complex molecular genoarchitecture of the hypothalamus resulting from the activity of previous morphogenetic signaling centers and secondly some malformations related to alterations in genes implicated in the development of the hypothalamus.

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The food additive BHA modifies energy metabolism in the perfused rat liver

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vanesa de Oliveira Pateis ◽

Lívia Bracht ◽

Lorena dos Santos Castro ◽

Gabriela Bueno Franco Salla ◽

Jurandir Fernando Comar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Food Additive ◽

Perfused Rat Liver

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Renal ageing: Changes in the cellular mechanism of energy metabolism and oxidant handling (Review Article)

Nephrology ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.00924.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

CHRISTINE J PERCY ◽

DAVID POWER ◽

GLENDA C GOBE

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Review Article ◽

Cellular Mechanism

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Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin promotes energy metabolism through activating AMPKα in male C57BL/6 mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo01008d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 5188-5202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hao Jiang ◽

Yasukiyo Yoshioka ◽

Sihao Yuan ◽

Yuko Horiuchi ◽

Yoko Yamashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Food Additive ◽

Ampk Phosphorylation ◽

Quercetin Glycoside ◽

Potential Food

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a quercetin glycoside with a greater bioavailability, is a potential food additive for the regulation of energy metabolism through AMPK phosphorylation.

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Application of Agar-agar as Food Additives

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2021/v13i130244 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-24

Author(s):

. Junianto ◽

Yasyfa Ashila ◽

Shafira Rahmatunnisa ◽

Ghefira Zahra F

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Particle Size ◽

Food Additives ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Review Article ◽

Ash Content ◽

Food Additive ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Film Making

This review article aims to study the types of seaweed that can be processed into agar, agar extraction methods, characteristic of agar, and application of agar as a food additive. Based on articles and other literature reviews, it can be concluded that: 1) The types of seaweed that can be extracted into agar-agar are Gracilaria sp., Gelidium sp., and Gelidiella sp. 2) Extraction of agar from seaweed can be done using the methods of Yolanda and Agustono [1], Wicaksono et al. [2] and Shantika et al. [3]. 3) The characteristic of agar can be reviewed from particle size, moisture content, ash content, heavy metals, pH, solubility, turbidity, gel strength, and viscosity. 4) Agar-agar as a food additive had been applied to analog rice, jelly drink, and edible film making.

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Energy Metabolism Decline in the Aging Brain; Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

10.20944/preprints202009.0539.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszczyk

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Krebs Cycle ◽

Brain Structures ◽

The Elderly ◽

Review Article ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Salvage Pathway ◽

Atp Production ◽

The Brain

A growing body of evidence indicates that aging of the brain is strictly related to the decline of energy metabolism. In particular, in older adults, the neuronal metabolism of glucose declines steadily resulting in a growing deficit of ATP production. The decline is evoked by deficient NAD recovery in the salvage pathway and subsequent impairment of the Krebs cycle. NAD deficit impairs also the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes. All these open vicious circles of neurodegeneration and neuronal death. Some brain structures are particularly prone to aging and neurodegeneration. These are pathological foci of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This review article summarizes the impacts and mutual relationships between metabolic processes both on neuronal and brain levels. It also provides directions on how to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration and protect the elderly against neurodegenerative diseases.

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Review Article: Glucosamine

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/230949900901700116 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

SG Kirkham ◽

RK Samarasinghe

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Placebo Treatment ◽

Review Article ◽

Food Additive ◽

Glucosamine Sulphate

It has been claimed that glucosamine is able to alleviate pain, slow down losses of, and even restore articular cartilage in patients with damaged or osteoarthritic joints. It is classified as a food additive or nutraceutical; therefore manufacturers do not need to comply with the same regulations that apply for quality assurance within the pharmaceutical industry. Osteoarthritis can be managed by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. It is controversial whether glucosamine sulphate is the first structure-modifying drug commercially available. Little evidence suggests that glucosamine is superior to a placebo treatment in restoring articular cartilage.

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Desiderata in connection by the calibration of the MK-system

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053699 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

Th. Schmidt-Kaler

Keyword(s):

Absolute Magnitude ◽

Review Article ◽

Stellar Systems ◽

Astronomical Data ◽

Intrinsic Colour

This is only an informal remark about some difficulties I am worrying about.I have tried to recalibrate the MK system in terms of intrinsic colour (B–V)0and absolute magnitudeMv. The procedures used have been described in a review article by Voigt (Mitt. Astr. Ges.1963, p. 25–35), and the results for stars of the luminosity classes Ia-O,I and II have been given also in Blaauw's article on the calibration of luminosity criteria in vol. III (Basic Astronomical Data, p. 401) ofStars and Stellar Systems.

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Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134429 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

W.A. Jacob ◽

R. Hertsens ◽

A. Van Bogaert ◽

M. De Smet

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Calcium Ions ◽

Energy Production ◽

Regulation Of Respiration ◽

Free Calcium ◽

Mitochondrial Matrix ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

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Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C–H bond functionalisation

Chemical Society Reviews ◽

10.1039/d0cs00380h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanhong Ma ◽

Shao-Jie Lou ◽

Zhaomin Hou

Keyword(s):

Review Article ◽

Current Status ◽

Comprehensive Overview

This review article provides a comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C–H functionalisations.

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