scholarly journals Mites from the family Phytoseiidae as an element of an anti-resistant strategy for protecting fruit plantations from spider mites

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
T. S. Rybareva
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Combination Of Methods

In the last decade, the acarocomplex of apple orchards in the plain-steppe zone of the Crimea was dominated by two species of mites, fam. Tetranychidae - Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Their share in the complex of phytophagous mites was 52.5 and 32.0%, respectively. Against the background of repeated acaricidal treatments during the season, the emergence of resistant races of phytophagous mites was recorded. The proposed anti-resistant strategy for controlling the number of spider mites on an apple tree involves the use of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). The combination of methods of seasonal colonization by phytoseiids serves as the building blocks of an anti-resistant defense system.Resettlement in the spring, by flooding, of two species of acariphages, P. persimilis and A. andersoni , contributes to the formation of acarofauna, so that while the first species reduces the number of phytophagous mites (by 50-60%), the second adapts and starts feeding later, and, at the expense of daughter individuals, it allows to reduce the number of pests by the end of the second decade of June to 2-3 individuals / leaf. In summer, a double release of the predatory mite N. californicus with a norm of 30 thousand individuals / ha (150-300 individuals / every 10 trees) reduces the risk of mass reproduction of spider mites at high average daily temperatures and low humidity.

scholarly journals The assessment of resistance of the acarocomplex formed on apple tree against the background of pesticide treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Н.В. Алейникова ◽  
Т.С. Рыбарева ◽  
Л.П. Ягодинская
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Phytophagous Mites

Клещи-фитофаги ежегодно наносят существенный вред промышленным плодовым культурам, наиболее повреждаемой из них является яблоня. Многократное применение химических препаратов в защите от вредителей не только оказывает пестицидный прессинг на агроценоз, но и нарушает экосистему плодовых насаждений, что проявляется в смене одних видов другими, влияет на биоразнообразие, снижает численность полезных членистоногих и приводит к появлению резистентных к пестицидам рас клещей. Целью исследований являлась разработка и испытание системы защиты интенсивных яблоневых садов Красногвардейского и Нижнегорского районов Республики Крым от клещей сем. Tetranychidae - боярышникового Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), красного плодового Panonychus ulmi (Koch) с помощью хищных клещей-фитосейид Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) и Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). Производственные испытания системы проводились в 2019-2020 гг. на участках, где в 2015-2018 гг. был сформирован акарокомплекс методами наводнения и сезонной колонизации. После формирования акарокомплекса была проведена оценка его устойчивости к токсическому действию применяемых в хозяйствах средств защиты растений. Исследованиями установлено, что сформированный в течение трех лет акарокомплекс хищных клещей позволил снизить численность диапаузирующих самок A. viennensis на 87 % и плотность популяции вредителей в летний период, предотвратить вспышку численности фитофагов в весенний период 2019-2020 гг. Доказано, что препарат из класса пиретроидов с действующим веществом тау-флювалинат снижает численность хищников на 99 %. Частичное восстановление плотности популяции за счет миграции аборигенных видов хищников наблюдалось через 2-3 месяца. Вспышка численности клещей-фитофагов на участках, где был сформирован акарокомплекс хищных клещей, происходит из-за применения токсичных для них препаратов и появления резистентных к акарицидам рас клещей-фитофагов. Phytophagous mites annually cause significant damage to commercial fruit crops, the most damaged of which is the apple tree. Repeated use of chemical preparations in protection against pests does not only exert pesticide pressure on agrocenosis, but also affects the ecosystem of fruit plantings, replacing one species with others, influencing biodiversity, reducing the number of helpful arthropods and causing the emergence of pesticide-resistant mite races. The aim of the research was to develop and test the system of protecting intensive apple orchards of Krasnogvardeisky and Nizhnegorsky districts of the Republic of Crimea from mites of Tetranychidae family - hawthorn mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) with the help of predatory phytoseiidae mites Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). In-process system tests were carried out in 2019-2020 on plots where in 2015-2018 the acarocomplex was formed using methods of population development and seasonal colonization. After the acarocomplex formation, an assessment of its resistance to toxic effect of plant protecting agents used in farms was carried out. The studies confirmed that the acarocomplex of predatory mites developed in three years allowed to reduce the number of diapausing females of A. viennensis by 87% and the pest population density in the summer period, to prevent outbreak of phytophagous population in the spring period of 2019-2020. It was proven that pyrethroid class preparation with the active ingredient tau-fluvalinat reduced the number of predators by 99%. Partial recovery of the population density due to the migration of native species of predators was observed in 2-3 months. Outbreak of the number of phytophagous mites on the plots where the acarocomplex of predatory mites was developed was due to the use of toxic preparations and the appearance of resistant to acaricides phytophagous mite races.

scholarly journals Mites fluctuation population on peach tree (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and in associated plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Rosana Eichelberger ◽  
Liana Johann ◽  
Fernanda Majolo ◽  
Noeli Juarez Ferla
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Phytoseiulus Macropilis ◽  
Tetranychus Ludeni

Despite the importance of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Rio Grande do Sul, little is known about mites fluctuation population considered important to this crop. The objective of this study was to know the population diversity and fluctuation of mite species associated with Premier and Eldorado varieties in Roca Sales and Venâncio Aires counties, Rio Grande do Sul. The study was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 when 15 plants were randomly chosen in each area. The plants were divided in quadrants and from each one a branch was chosen from which three leaves were removed: one collected in the apical region, another in the medium and the other in the basal region, totalizing 180 leaves/area. Five of the most abundant associated plants were collected monthly in enough amounts for the screening under the stereoscopic microscope during an hour. A total of 1,124 mites were found belonging to 14 families and 28 species. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Mononychellus planki (McGregor, 1950) were the most abundant phytophagous mites, whereas Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967 and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) the most common predatory mites. The period of one hour under stereoscopic microscope was enough to get a representative sample. In both places evaluated the ecologic indices were low, but little higherin Premier (H' 0.56; EqJ: 0.43) when compared to Eldorado (H' 0.53; EqJ 0.40). In Premier constant species were not observed and accessory only Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), T. ludeni and T. aripo. Higher abundance was observed in December and January and bigger amount in April. Already in Eldorado, T. ludeni and P. ulmi were constants. Greater abundance was observed in November and December, whereas grater richness in December and January. In both orchards were not found mites in buds. Tetranychus ludeni is the most abundant phytophagous mites with outbreak population in November, December and January and high predator diversity was observed on associated plants and on peach plants, indicating the existence of species mobility in peach orchard.

Polybutenes in Orchard Pest Control

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Methods Of Control

In British Columbia the control of phytophagous mites, especially the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McG., is becoming increasingly difficult, mainly because of the mites' ability to develop resistance to most acaricides in a relatively short time (3). Because of this, methods of control other than strictly chemical are examined at every opportunity.

EFFECTS OF SEVIN ON PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES AND PREDATORS IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman ◽  
D. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Stethorus Punctillum

Numbers of the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) increased but those of the brown mite (Bryobia arborea Morgan & Anderson) and the peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus Banks) decreased after sprays of Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) were applied to peach trees. Sevin practically eliminated the predacious mite Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms., and larvae and pupae of Stethorus punctillum Weise, and greatly reduced the numbers of adults of S. punctillum, chrysopid larvae, and spiders.

scholarly journals Maternal effect determines drought resistance of eggs in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Le Hesran ◽  
Thomas Groot ◽  
Markus Knapp ◽  
Tibor Bukovinszky ◽  
Jovano Erris Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Low Humidity

AbstractThe ability of an organism to adapt to short-term environmental changes within its lifetime is of fundamental importance. This adaptation may occur through phenotypic plasticity. Insects and mites, in particular, are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, especially during the juvenile stages. We studied the role of phenotypic plasticity in the adaptation of eggs to different relative humidity conditions, in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, used worldwide as a biological control agent of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The biocontrol efficacy of P. persimilis decreases under dry conditions, partly because P. persimilis eggs are sensitive to drought. We exposed P. persimilis adult females from two different strains to constant and variable humidity regimes and evaluated the hatching rate of their eggs in dry conditions, as well as the survival and oviposition rates of these females. Whereas the eggs laid by P. persimilis females exposed to constant high humidity did not survive in dry conditions, females exposed to constant low humidity started laying drought-resistant eggs after 24 h of exposure. Survival and oviposition rates of the females were affected by humidity: females laid fewer eggs under constant low humidity and had a shorter lifespan under constant high and constant low humidity. The humidity regimes tested had similar effects across the two P. persimilis strains. Our results demonstrate that transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, called maternal effect, allows P. persimilis females to prepare their offspring for dry conditions.

scholarly journals Organic viticulture as an important aspect of conserving biodiversity in Crimean agrocenoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Volkova ◽  
Elena Matveikina ◽  
Jakov Volkov ◽  
Elena Stranisheshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The South ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Landscape Biodiversity ◽  
Population Numbers

The current status of the global organic viticulture is discussed. The challenge of conservation of species and landscape biodiversity in the Crimea is actualized. The fauna of mites and other insects in the grape agrocenosis of the South Coast of the Peninsula is reported. Biodiversity of mites and other insects in commercial vineyards at different pesticide loads is shown. The role that wild-growing vegetation in territories adjacent to vineyards plays in the agrolandscape of grape agrocenoses is highlighted. The commonness of species diversity of predatory mites in a vineyard and on its outskirts is revealed. The possibility to rely on natural mechanisms for self-regulation of population numbers of phytophagous mites under conditions of organic viticulture is demonstrated.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

THE EGGS AND OVIPOSITION SITES OF DIAPHNIDIA CAPITATA (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON APPLE TREES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Horsburgh ◽  
Dean Asquith
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractNymphal and adult Diaphnidia capitata (Van Duzee) have long been recognized as predators of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The eggs and oviposition sites preferred by this species are described herein to supplement available descriptions of the eggs of mirid predators of spider mites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document