Eksplorasi dan Uji Virulensi Jamur Patogen Gulma Daun Sempit di Pertanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Dede Yusup Ziaulhak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) jenis jamur patogen penyebab penyakit pada gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, 2) informasi virulensi jamur patogen terhadap gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, dan 3) informasi virulensi jamur patogen gulma daun sempit terhadap tanaman budidaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan rumah kaca, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto dilaksanakan dari Oktober 2019 sampai Agustus 2020. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahap yaitu eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji virulensi jamur patogen gulma. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel gulma bergejala menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Uji virulensi dilakukan pada gulma dan tanaman budidaya, yaitu Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus kyllingia, Cyeperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, dan Sacharum officinarum. Variabel yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit, masa inkubasi, area under diseases progress curve (AUDPC), bobot tanaman basah, dan bobot tanaman kering. Hasil dari eksplorasi diperoleh jamur patogen Curvularia lunata dan Fusarium oxysporum. Perlakuan jamur C. lunata pada gulma C. rotundus menunjukkan intensitas paling besar di antara gulma yang lain, dan perlakuan F. oxysporum dengan intensitas 22,5714% bahkan mampu menimbulkan kematian pada gulma C. rotundus. Sementara perlakuan jamur F. oxysporum menunjukkan intensitas yang lebih besar pada gulma D. ciliaris dengan kisaran 6,116%. Jamur patogen gulma daun sempit virulen terhadap gulma daun sempit dan tidak virulen terhadap tanaman budidaya yang diujikan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Dede Yusup Ziaulhak ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Abdul Manan

Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai hal untuk meningkatkan produksi gula nasional, termasuk penambahan luas tanam tebu dari 381.800, pada tahun 2010 menjadi 429.200 hektar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jamur patogen penyebab penyakit pada gulma daun sempit di perkebunan tebu, informasi virulensi jamur patogen terhadap gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, dan informasi virulensi jamur patogen gulma daun sempit terhadap tanaman budidaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan rumah kaca, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto yang dilaksanakan dari Oktober 2019 sampai Agustus 2020. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahap yaitu eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji virulensi jamur patogen gulma. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel gulma bergejala menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Uji virulensi dilakukan pada gulma dan tanaman budidaya, yaitu Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus kyllingia, Cyeperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, dan Sacharum officinarum. Variabel yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit, masa inkubasi, area under diseases progress curve (AUDPC), bobot tanaman basah, dan bobot tanaman kering. Hasil dari eksplorasi diperoleh jamur patogen Curvularia lunata dan Fusarium oxysporum. Perlakuan jamur C. lunata pada gulma C. rotundus menunjukkan intensitas paling besar di antara gulma yang lain, dan perlakuan F. oxysporum dengan intensitas 22,5714% bahkan mampu menimbulkan kematian pada gulma C. rotundus. Sementara perlakuan jamur F. oxysporum menunjukkan intensitas yang lebih besar pada gulma D. ciliaris dengan kisaran 6,116%. Jamur patogen gulma daun sempit virulen terhadap gulma daun sempit dan tidak virulen terhadap tanaman budidaya yang diujikan.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium andiyazi Marasas, Rheeder, Lampr., K.A. Zeller and J.F. Leslie. (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, India, Tamil Nadu, Iran, Malaysia, Korea Republic, Syria, Vietnam), Europe (Italy), North America (Mexico, USA, Colorado, Nebraska), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland) and South America (Argentina).


Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Riza Arisandi ◽  
Mochamad Arief Soendjoto ◽  
Dharmono Dharmono

Grass can be said to be one of the most successful land plants and is found in all types of growing sites and a variety of circumstances. The Poaceae family is the fourth largest family of flowering plants in the world and there are around 11,000 species with 800 genera. A large diversity of species characterizes a stable community. The term swamp is generally closely related to the conditions of standing water, tidal overflows, floods, and mud. This study aims to identify and find out the diversity index (H') of the Poaceae family in the swamp area of Sungai Lumbah village, Barito Kuala district. The steps of this research are determining the location of the study, observing and identifying species, counting the number of clumps per species at each sample point, tabulating data to obtain the diversity index (H '), measuring environmental parameters. Based on observations, 14 species of the Poaceae family were found, namely Bambusa sp., Brachiaria mutica, Digitaria longiflora, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis unioloides, Imperata cylindrica, Ischaemum muticum, Oryza sativa, Panicum paludosum, Panicum repens, Paspalum commersonii, Paspalum conjugatum, Phragmites vallatoria, and Saccharum officinarum. The Poaceae family diversity index in the swampy area of Sungai Lumbah village is moderate (H' = 2.49).


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Nigeria.


Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago scitaminea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), S. barberi, S. spontaneum (Kens grass) and (fide McMartin, 24: 290) in S. Africa the wild grasses Imperata arundinacea[Imperata cylindrica] and Erianthus saccharoides. Zea mays (maize) has been experimentally infected by Hirschhorn (44: 686). DISEASE: Sugarcane smut. See Antoine (1961) for a comprehensive account. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, E. and S. Africa, Madagascar), Asia (widespread), S. America, and elsewhere; absent from N. America and Australia; see CMI Map, 79, Ed. 2, 1960. TRANSMISSION: Infection is by air borne spores. The spores germinate easily and under moist conditions soil borne infection is not considered to be a hazard.


1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Wensley ◽  
C. D. McKeen

The relation of soil populations of the muskmelon wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. melonis, to the wilt potentials of a yellow Fox sandy loam soil (Fsl) and a dark Colwood loam (Cl) was investigated. In either soil a direct relationship existed between the size of the population of the fungus and wilt incidence. Notwithstanding this relationship, with the same population the greater incidence of wilt in Fsl than in Cl showed that a factor or factors other than population affect the wilt potential. Whereas mean populations of field soils obtained at the site of wilted plants ranged upward to 3300 per gram, they declined steadily during the 9-month interval between crops. During this interval random samples of field soils yielded mean populations of 228 and 268 per gram of Fsl and Cl, respectively. Of the F. oxysporum colonies isolated at the end of harvest, about 70% from plant sites and approximately 21% from intersites were pathogenic. Two to eight months later only 12 to 15% of F. oxysporum isolates obtained by random sampling of infested field soils were pathogenic.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chilo sacchariphagus (Böjer). Lepidoptera: Crambidae. Hosts: rice (Oryza sativa), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu), India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Iran, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Tanzania).


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Patiga ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Hershey Mondejar ◽  
◽  
...  

In vivo, urea-treated, silage, concentrate: Ipil-ipil supplement


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Suntoro SUNTORO ◽  
◽  
Mujiyo MUJIYO ◽  
Hery WIDIJANTO ◽  
Ganjar HERDIANSYAH ◽  
...  

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