Biology and Management of Torpedograss (Panicum repens) in Ornamental Landscape Planting Beds

Torpedograss is one of the most invasive perennial grass species in Florida landscapes. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department was written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of torpedograss in landscape planting beds. Written by Yuvraj Khamare, Candice Prince, and Chris Marble.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep615

ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENT AND FLOATING MACROPHYTES IN RELATION TO SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WAYA POND, BAUCHI, NIGERIA

Emergent and floating macrophytes in relation to some physicochemical parameters were assessed in Waya pond, Bauchi. Water and macrophytes were sampled monthly between October 2019 to March 2020. Ten physicochemical parameters were measured and twelve macrophytes species recorded. The diversity index was 1.38, evenness (0.55) and abundance were 12 species. The site was polluted as all the values of dissolved oxygen (DO) were ˂ 5 mg/L, nitrogen ˃ 18 mg/L and pH ˂ 7 except for December. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that DO correlated with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (r = 0.936, p˂0.01), Phosphate (r = 0.927, p˂0.01) and Nitrate (r = -0.953, p˂0.01). TDS correlated with Phosphate (r = 0.969, p˂0.01) and Nitrate (r = - 0.938, p˂0.01). The significant correlation between physicochemical parameters and macrophytes were: Nymphaea nouchali with DO (r = - 0.849, p˂0.05), TS (r = 0.88, p˂0.05). Panicum repens was negatively correlated with TDS, DO, TS, Phosphate but not Nitrates. Eichhornia crassipes, Nymphaea micrantha and Nymphaea lotus at p˂0.05 were negatively associated with TDS, DO, and Phosphate but positively with Nitrate. Nuphar lutea, Nelumbo nucifera and Echinochloa colona related positively with Turbidity. Nuphar lutea positively related with Nitrate but negative with DO, and TS. Typha latifolia with TS (r = - 0.871, p˂0.05). Potamogeton natans with phosphate (r = 0.927, p˂0.01). The state of water pollution in the study-area corresponded with low diversity, evenness and abundance of species. This puts biodiversity and sustainability at risk.

Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer).

The geographical range of S. cretica includes most of the countries and islands of the Mediterranean basin and extends through the Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa, extending south to northern Kenya and northern Cameroon. According to Tams and Bowden (1953) this species does not extend westward of Cameroon; however, earlier records from Mali, Niger and Togo have again been included on the recently revised CABI/EPPO (2001) distribution map. This is a pest species linked to graminaceous crops with a preference for sorghum, maize and sugarcane. It is present on wild Gramineae with a preference for Panicum repens. S. cretica could extend its range following these crops/wild hosts and in correlation with climatic change. More studies on the distribution of this species are necessary. It belongs to the 'Sesamia' group of noctuids, a group of very similar species that are difficult to identify, and therefore misidentifications can occur regarding new distribution data.

Evaluasi Potensi Keragaman Hijauan Penutup Tanah di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Kabupaten Aceh Timur Provinsi Aceh

Kabupaten Aceh Timur memiliki area perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat mencapai 25,997 ha. Namun, analisis terhadap keragaman dan potensi produksi hijauan yang di area perkebunan kelapa sawit belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi keragaman hijauan yang tumbuh di area perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Penentuan titik plot pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, berdasarkan kriteria umur tanaman sawit yaitu TBM (0-3 Tahun), Muda (4-8 tahun), Remaja (9-14 tahun), Dewasa (15-20 tahun) dan Tua (20-25 tahun). Parameter yang diamati meliputi keragaman, produksi hijauan segar, produksi bahan kering dan kandungan nutrisi hijauan. Spesies yang mendominasi pada area TBM yaitu Asystasia gangetica L, Imperata cylindrica, Oplismenus compositus, Panicum repens dan Paspalum conjugatum dengan INP 14,29. Spesies yang mendominasi pada area tanaman muda yaitu Axonopus compressus, Clidemia hirta dan Drymaria cordata dengan INP 19,64. Spesies yang mendominasi pada area tanaman remaja yaitu Panicum repens, Paspalum conjugatum dan Urochloa reptans L dengan INP 20,41. Spesies yang mendominasi pada area tanaman dewasa yaitu Adiantum hispidulum Sw dan Nephrolepis biserrata dengan INP 20,00. Spesies yang mendominasi pada area tanaman tua yaitu Imperata cylindrica dan Clidemia hirta L dengan INP 33,33. Potensi produksi hijauan mencapai mencapai 13,37 ton ha-1 hijauan segar dan 3,19 ton ha-1 bahan kering. Kandungan protein kasar yang berasal dari hijauan di bawah naungan kelapa sawit berkisar antara 8,55% - 12,84%, sedangkan kandungan serat kasar berkisar antara 17,65% - 24,70%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa keragaman hijauan di bawah naungan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Aceh Timur dikategorikan sedang.

ACCUMULATION OF LEAD, CADMIUM AND SULPHUR IN PASTURE GRASSES GROWING ALONG TRAFFIC HIGHWAY AND INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT IN SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Possible uptake of lead, cadmium and sulphur by ruminants from three pasture grasses, Penisetum purpureum, Panicum repens and Cynodom dactylon growing along traffic highway and industrial estate in Akwa Ibom state was investigated. Concentration of the heavy metals and sulphur in the grasses were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods respectively. P. repens from the traffic highway contained the highest amount of lead (56.5µg g-1) and sulphur (681 ppm dry weight) which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those from industrial layout (36.45µg g-1, Pb and 545 ppm sulphur respectively). The highest content of cadmium (1.6µg g1) was obtained from P. repens and C. dactylon from the same location of the traffic highway. The concentration of the contaminants in all the grasses from industrial layout and traffic highway were higher (p<0.05) than those from arable farm land and rural village which made up the control treatment. The results provide reliable information on the possible dangers ruminant animals are exposed to by grazing forages along traffic highways and around industries.

Keanekaragaman dan Dominansi Jenis Tumbuhan Gulma Pada Perkebunan Kopi di Hutan Wisata Nglimut Kendal Jawa Tengah

Gulma merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya tidak diinginkan karena mengganggu dan menurunkan hasil tanamaan budidaya. Tanaman budidaya yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan menjadi andalan bagi negara adalah tanaman kopi. Kopi menjadi komuditas yang bisa memberikan kontribusi besar bagi perekonomian di Indonesia. Produktifitas perkebunan kopi salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh tumbuhan gulma yang tumbuh bersama dengan tanaman kopi. Hadirnya tumbuhan gulma di perkebunan kopi akan dapat menurunkan hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragman dan dominansi jenis gulma yang tumbuh pada perkebunan kopi di hutan wisata Nglimut, Kendal. Teknik penelitian menggunakan purposif sampling dengan menentukan 5 titik sampling secara diagonal. Masing-masing titik sampling diambil 3 plot ukuran 1 x 1 m untuk kategori rumput/herba dan 3 plot ukuran 5 x 5 m untuk kategori semak. Data dianalisis secara kuantutatif dengan menghitung kemelimpahan dan Indeks Nilai Penting setiap jenis gulma yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 15 jenis gulma yang tumbuh di perkebunan kopi. Jenis gulma yang paling banyak adalah dari famili Poaceae (4 jenis gulma: Axonopus compressus, Eleusine indica, Oplismenus burmanni dan Panicum repens ) dan Asteraceae (3 jenis gulma: Clidemia hirta, Eleutheranthera rudealis dan Eupatorium odoratum). Jenis gulma yang memiliki kemelimpahan tertinggi dan mendominasi lahan perkebunan kopi adalah Axonopus compressus (INP : 105.475%) dan Clidemia hirta (INP: 96.53%). Jenis-jenis gulma tersebut memiliki kemampuan daya kompetisi tinggi dalam memperebutkan sumber daya air, cahaya matahari, unsur hara terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kopi. Oleh sebab itu jenis gulma tersebut harus mendapatkan penanganan yang serius agar tidak merugikan tanaman kopi dan menurunkan hasil panen. Dengan mengetahui jenis gulma yang dominan dapat untuk menentukan cara pengendalian gulma perkebunan kopi yang tepat dan efisien.

IDENTIFICATION OF MACROPHYTA IN THE SWAMP AREA OF THE SAWAH VILLAGE, KAMPAR REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE

There were many types of macrophyta present in the swamp area of the Sawah Village, but there was no information about the types of macrophyta in that area. To understand the type of macrophyta presence in that area, a research has been carried out in February 2019. The method usedz is a the survey method, where the swanp area of the Sawah Village used as the location of the research and macrophytes as the object of research. Sampling was done once during the study. The plants were then identified based on Steenis (1981). There are 10 types of macrophytes found in the swanp area of the Sawah Village namely: Colocasia esculenta, Eichhornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis, Paspalum comersonii, Azolla pinnata, Utricularia aurea, Salvinia natans, Nepbrolepis biserrata, Monochoria vaginalis, Panicum repens.

Studi Pengetahuan Masyarakat Mengenai Gulma Air Sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Air Di Desa Lambur Luar Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur

The number of aquatic plants along the river flow outside the village of Lambur becomes a barrier to water traffic so that these plants are classified to be weeds or a nuisance for local people. This study aims to determine and document the types of weeds found in the village of Lambur and explore locals’ knowledge about the types of existing water weeds and their use. This research was conducted in the Village of Lambur Luar Tanjung Jabung Timur District by using the roaming method to collect existing Weed samples. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies, the data are analysed descriptive qualitative design. The results showed that there were 19 species and 13 families of water weeds, namely: Fimbristylis sp1, fimbristylis sp2, Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb, Blyxa aubertii Rich, Lindernia sp, Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC, Melastoma malabathticum L, Nymphaea nouchali Burn, Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell, Ludwigia repens JR Forst, Scoparia dulcis, Hippochaete debilis (Roxb.ex Vaucher) Ching, Panicum repens L, Oryza sativa, Persicaria hydropiper L, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl, Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC, Borreria repens DC, and Xyris sp. Of the 19 species found, only 12 species, the locals know the name of the water weed, 7 species are only referred to as grass only by the locals, this water weed is not used by the them but mostly weeds are used for animal feed, the researchers provide education to the community that actually weed water can be used for treatment and to find out the quality of a waters or be used as an indicator of the biological condition of a river in wheteher good condition or not. Keywords: Knowledge Studies, Lambur Luar, Water Weeds

KEANEKARAGAMAN FAMILIA POACEAE DI KAWASAN RAWA DESA SUNGAI LUMBAH, KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA

Grass can be said to be one of the most successful land plants and is found in all types of growing sites and a variety of circumstances. The Poaceae family is the fourth largest family of flowering plants in the world and there are around 11,000 species with 800 genera. A large diversity of species characterizes a stable community. The term swamp is generally closely related to the conditions of standing water, tidal overflows, floods, and mud. This study aims to identify and find out the diversity index (H') of the Poaceae family in the swamp area of Sungai Lumbah village, Barito Kuala district. The steps of this research are determining the location of the study, observing and identifying species, counting the number of clumps per species at each sample point, tabulating data to obtain the diversity index (H '), measuring environmental parameters. Based on observations, 14 species of the Poaceae family were found, namely Bambusa sp., Brachiaria mutica, Digitaria longiflora, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis unioloides, Imperata cylindrica, Ischaemum muticum, Oryza sativa, Panicum paludosum, Panicum repens, Paspalum commersonii, Paspalum conjugatum, Phragmites vallatoria, and Saccharum officinarum. The Poaceae family diversity index in the swampy area of Sungai Lumbah village is moderate (H' = 2.49).