STUDI FARMAKOVIGILANS PADA PASIEN COVID-19

Sifareina Sifareina; Ilham Alifiar; Muharam Priatna

doi:10.36423/pharmacoscript.v4i2.729

STUDI FARMAKOVIGILANS PADA PASIEN COVID-19

Pharmacoscript ◽

10.36423/pharmacoscript.v4i2.729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 194-208

Author(s):

Sifareina Sifareina ◽

Ilham Alifiar ◽

Muharam Priatna

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Data Base

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan jenis SARS-CoV baru yang muncul pada bulan Desember tahun 2019 di kota Wuhan, Cina dan menyebar secara luas hampir ke seluruh negara. Jalur penyebaran virus ini sama seperti pada penularan penyakit saluran nafas. Dalam terapi pengobatannya, penyakit COVID-19 ini belum menemukan obat yang spesifik dan baru dalam tahap uji klinis. Terapi yang dilakukan dengan memberikan obat antivirus, dimaksudkan untuk menghambat sel yang terinfeksi dan menghambat virus dalam proses replikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui farmakovigilans dari obat yang dipakai sebagai obat terapi dari penyakit COVID-19 yang didapat dalam jurnal. Dengan metode penelitian secara sistematik literatur dengan menggunakan protokol PRISMA. Kata kunci untuk mendapatkan artikel adalah COVID-19 Pharmacovigilance, Side Effects of COVID-19, Drugs COVID-19 serta menggabungkan AND, OR, dan NOT. Data-base dari empat literatur yaitu PubMed, Europe PMC, Base dan Sciencedirect. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel tahun 2019-2021, berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris, memiliki isi jurnal yang lengkap, dengan subjek manusia baik perempuan maupun laki-laki dengan golongan semua umur. Dari penelusuran didapatkan hasil sebanyak sebelas jurnal yang masuk kriteria inklusi dengan duabelas obat diantaranya Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Remdesivir, Azitromisin, Tocilizumab, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Daruravir/Cobicistat, Ribavirin, Umifenovir, Dan Ceftriaxon, dengan efek samping yang dilaporkan paling banyak yaitu gangguan pada jantung seperti adanya perpanjangan interval QT, gangguan gastrointestinal, peningkatan enzim transminase, gagal hati, gagal ginjal akut, penurunan pendengaran, dan gangguan hepatobilier. Dari sistematik literatur ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa obat-obat yang digunakan dalam penggunaan terapi COVID-19 menimbulkan berbagai efek samping yang tidak diinginkan sehingga diperlukan pemantauan sebelum dan sesudah terapi seperti pemantauan EKG, pemantauan kadar IL-6, serta pengecekan hasil laboratorium dalam upaya pemantauannya.

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Common Aminoglycosides and Platinum-Based Ototoxic Drugs: Cochlear/Vestibular Side Effects and Incidence

Seminars in Hearing ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1684040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 104-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert DiSogra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Side Effects ◽

Data Base ◽

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽

National Library ◽

Ototoxic Drugs ◽

Published Research

AbstractThis is a reference chart that identifies 16 aminoglycoside antibiotics and platinum based drugs that could be cochleotoxic, vestibulotoxic or both. Using the most currently available data from published research from the National Library of Medicine's PubMed data base, incidence figures and risk factors are included in the chart along with the potential of permanence of reversibility of the impairment.

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Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099337 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

S.K. Aggarwal ◽

J. San Antonio

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽

Intestinal Toxicity ◽

Ovarian Cancers ◽

Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

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Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142256 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 122-123

Author(s):

J.M. Fadool ◽

P.J. Boyer ◽

S.K. Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Urine Output ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

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Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd21.1.15 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Merete Bakke ◽

Allan Bardow ◽

Eigild Møller

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Side Effects ◽

Health Risk ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Acetylcholine Release ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Local Inhibition ◽

Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

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