scholarly journals Resistance of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with orthopedic infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
S.A. Bozhkova ◽  
E.M. Gordina ◽  
O.V. Schneider ◽  
A.N. Rukina ◽  
V.V. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Orthopedic Infection ◽  
Russian Research

Objective. To evaluate the resistance rate and production of carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae with phenotypic resistance to carbapenems isolated from patients with orthopedic infection. Materials and Methods. The materials for the study were tissue samples, aspirates and removed orthopedic devices of patients with orthopedic infection at the Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, between 2017 and 2019. K. pneumoniae strains were identified in Microlatest by iEMS ReaderMF. These strains were tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion methods, as described by the EUCAST. The carbapenemase genes were investigated by RT-PCR. Results. Of 858 isolated cultures, 6.8% were resistant to carbapenems. Molecular genetic analysis showed that 43.1% of the cultures had blaNDM gene and 24.1% blaOXA-48. All isolates of K. pneumoniae were characterized by resistance to cefotaxime, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. OXA-48-strains were MDR in 50.0% of cases, XDR in 42.9%, PDR in 7.1%. Strains with NDM-carbapenemases were XDR in 68.0% and PDR in 32.0% of cases. The most effective antibiotic was fosfomycin. Thus, 66.7% of NDM-isolates demonstrated sensitivity to fosfomycin. One isolate was PDR with both NDM and OXA-48. Conclusions. Over the period of three years, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae were isolated in the orthopedic hospital. These isolates were not only resistant to carbapenems, but also to a number of other antimicrobial agents. Isolates differed in resistance phenotypes depending on the presence of carbapenemases group, while strains with gene blaNDM were more resistant than those with blaOXA-48.

scholarly journals THE CERTIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER LINES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DON EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS BY USING DNA MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of this research was to develop molecular genetic passports of sunflower lines from the collection of the Don experimental station of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops based on polymorphic fractions of microsatellite DNA. We used 17 lines as a research material. We used 12 pairs of primers for genotyping. We found that the ORS 559 locus was monomorphic for these samples. The rest of the loci had from 2 to 4 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.75, PIC – 0.49, the effective number of alleles – 2.16. The analysis of the DNA profiles of the lines showed the individuality of the allelic composition of each of them. The analysis of the genetic relations between the lines showed that the studied lines were divided into two groups, with a genetic distance between them of 5.9.

scholarly journals Practical and fundamental results of prenatal diagnostics in North-West Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Vladislav S Baranov ◽  
Edvard K Aylamazyan
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostics ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Organized 25th years ago laboratory was of the first relevant prenatal center in Russia. Originally elaborated methods for chromosome preparations from different embryonic tissue samples (chorionic & placenta villi, umbilical cord blood) and for molecular genetic analysis of common and most sever inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis, haemophilia A and B, Deuchenn myodistrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, phenylketonuria, adreno-genital syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Huntington chorea, Martin-Bell syndrome etc. as well as automatic programs for biochemical screening of embryonic marker proteins substantiated efficient prenatal diagnosis service launched in Saint-Petersburg and in North-West region of Russia. Altogether 14 000 invasive prenatal diagnostics were carried out so far with total 1029 fetuses with chromosomal (734) or genetic (295) disorders identified. Implication of QF-PCR method for detection of common chromosomal disorders, one-stop clinic algorithm, preimplantation diagnosis as well as non-invasive diagnostics of fetal sex and Rh-factor are currently at use in our prenatal diagnostics service. Array — CGH for submicroscopic rearrangements, non-invasive diagnostics of chromosomal and genetic disorders as well as implication of Genetic Form of Female Reproductive Health, elaborated in our laboratory for prevention of fetal and pregnancy complications are our close future

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms оf Persistence оf Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Boris G. Andryukov ◽  
Irina N. Lyapun
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Bacterial Persistence ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

A significant mortality rate from infectious diseases is largely mediated by the widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, which has led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. The rapid evolution of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a serious challenge for modern health care, mediates the need to create new antibiotic agents, as well as to intensify the study of molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of microorganism resistance. One of these mechanisms is bacterial persistence, manifested by the formation of persistent cells in the culture, which are a phenotypic variant of the isogenic population. The persistence of bacteria can occur spontaneously, regardless of exposure to antimicrobials or environmental reasons, such as lack of nutrients, oxidative stress or hypoxia. This small cell subpopulation is able to maintain viability even in the presence of antimicrobial agents at concentrations many times higher than therapeutic. The presence of persistent cells of pathogenic bacteria in the host organism reduces the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment, not due to the genotypic drug resistance of the microorganism, but due to the presence of phenotypic resistance of persister cells. The difference is fundamental, since cell-persisters are insensitive to any antibiotics and the development of fundamentally new antimicrobial strategies is necessary for their eradication. Persister cells are phenotypic variants of the maternal culture of bacteria that are present in all populations of microorganisms, and after the onset of favorable conditions, they are able to reclaim and form a new generation of vegetative bacteria. This review discusses modern concepts of the molecular genetic mechanisms of bacterial persistence with an emphasis on their clinical significance for the occurrence of persistent infections, and discusses innovative technologies for the eradication of resistant cell forms of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Assessment of diversity of plant species affected by phytoplasma of X-disease (16SR-III) group in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
D.Z. Bogoutdinov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Girsova ◽  
T.B. Kastalyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Economic Regions ◽  
Russian Research

Worldwide, there is an increase in the harmfulness of plant diseases transmitted by insects, including phytoplasmas. In Russia, phytoplasma diseases have been studied insufficiently. The aim of the study was to monitor phytoplasma diseases in various economic regions of the Russian Federation and determine the taxonomic affiliation of their pathogens. The task of the study was to identify the species composition of plants affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the 16Sr-III group and their potential vectors. Molecular genetic studies were carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) in 2006-2021. Plants with symptoms of phytoplasma infection and leafhoppers collected in the Moscow and Samara regions were the material of the research. The presence of phytoplasma DNA in the samples was determined using sequentially direct and nested PCR with the primer pairs: P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively. Phytoplasmas were identified by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after treatment of 1.2 Kb DNA amplicons with restriction endonucleases. In a quarter of the analyzed potato samples and five of the eight surveyed economic regions (Volga, North Caucasian, Ural, Central and West Siberian), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found. Among other solanaseous, phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found in pepper and garden petunia, as well as in two species of wild potatoes. In total, the phytoplasma of X-disease was detected in 51 species of plants from 19 families, including Fabaceae (12 species), Asteraceae (10), Rosaceae (6), and Solanaceae (5). In other families, 1–2 plant species infected with this phytoplasma were identified. The phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-B subgroup was most frequently found in plant material. Phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-F subgroup was detected in two plant species: astilbe (Astilbe thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.) and hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). In potential vectors (leafhoppers Euscelis incisа Kirschbaum, Sonronius binotatus Sahlberg, Macrosteles laevis Rib. and Psammotettix striatus L.), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group, including the 16SrIII-O and 16SrIII-P subgroups, was found.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF THE BREEDING OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS BY MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Savichenko ◽  
◽  
S.A. Ramazanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The identification of breeding material and certification of varieties is of great importance for the protection of the copyright of breeders. Microsatellite DNA loci are effectively used for these purposes. The aim of the research was to identify the soybean varieties of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops using the previously tested 12 microsatellite markers. As a result of research, we obtained the unique sets of alleles for eight varieties; two varieties had identical alleles. We divided all soybean genotypes into two large clusters. We observed the closest genetic relation between the varieties Duar and Kora (the Armavir experimental station of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The resulting sets of alleles can be used to develop molecular genetic passports.

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Study in F3 Population of Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
L Rahman ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
F Nur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was initiated for molecular genetic analysis among 13 F3 rice lines and their parents. Four out of 15 decamer random primers were used to amplify genomic DNA and the primers yielded a total of 41 RAPD markers of which 37 were considered as polymorphic with a mean of 9.25 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.24. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (14.63) and gene diversity (0.0714) was observed in 05-6 F3 line and the lowest polymorphic loci (0.00) and gene diversity (0.00) was found in 05-12 and 05-15 F3 lines. So, relatively high level of genetic variation was found in 05-6 F3 line and it was genetically more diverse compared to others. The average co-efficient of gene differentiation (GST) and gene flow (Nm) values across all the loci were 0.8689 and 0.0755, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the Nei’s genetic distance differentiated the rice genotypes into two main clusters: PNR-519, 05-19, 05-14, 05-12 and 05-17 grouped in cluster 1. On the other hand, Baradhan, 05-9, 05-13, 05-11, 05-5, 05-6, 05-1, 05-4, 05-15 and 05-25 were grouped in cluster 2. The highest genetic distance (0.586) was found between 05-4 and 05-17 F3 lines and they remain in different cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16839 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 1 – 8, 2009

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