scholarly journals Assessment of diversity of plant species affected by phytoplasma of X-disease (16SR-III) group in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
D.Z. Bogoutdinov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Girsova ◽  
T.B. Kastalyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Economic Regions ◽  
Russian Research

Worldwide, there is an increase in the harmfulness of plant diseases transmitted by insects, including phytoplasmas. In Russia, phytoplasma diseases have been studied insufficiently. The aim of the study was to monitor phytoplasma diseases in various economic regions of the Russian Federation and determine the taxonomic affiliation of their pathogens. The task of the study was to identify the species composition of plants affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the 16Sr-III group and their potential vectors. Molecular genetic studies were carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) in 2006-2021. Plants with symptoms of phytoplasma infection and leafhoppers collected in the Moscow and Samara regions were the material of the research. The presence of phytoplasma DNA in the samples was determined using sequentially direct and nested PCR with the primer pairs: P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively. Phytoplasmas were identified by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after treatment of 1.2 Kb DNA amplicons with restriction endonucleases. In a quarter of the analyzed potato samples and five of the eight surveyed economic regions (Volga, North Caucasian, Ural, Central and West Siberian), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found. Among other solanaseous, phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found in pepper and garden petunia, as well as in two species of wild potatoes. In total, the phytoplasma of X-disease was detected in 51 species of plants from 19 families, including Fabaceae (12 species), Asteraceae (10), Rosaceae (6), and Solanaceae (5). In other families, 1–2 plant species infected with this phytoplasma were identified. The phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-B subgroup was most frequently found in plant material. Phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-F subgroup was detected in two plant species: astilbe (Astilbe thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.) and hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). In potential vectors (leafhoppers Euscelis incisа Kirschbaum, Sonronius binotatus Sahlberg, Macrosteles laevis Rib. and Psammotettix striatus L.), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group, including the 16SrIII-O and 16SrIII-P subgroups, was found.

STUDY OF POLYMORPHISM OF RED CURRANT VARIETIES MICROSATELLITE LOCUS

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
М. А. Dolzhikova ◽  
А. А. Pavlenko ◽  
А. V. Pikunova ◽  
O. D. Golyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Locus ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Fragment Analysis ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
Russian Research

In the presented studies the genotypes of 46 varieties of red currant (Ribes rubrum) from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding (VNIISPK) the collection were studied for 14 microsatellite locus. The data were obtained by the detection method of – fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Varieties with rare, unique alleles and combinations of alleles have been identified. In most cases, no more than two fragments were identified for each genotype for a specific locus, but three fragments at some loci were amplified in the samples (Orlovchanka, Konstantinovskaya, Nadezhda – e3-B02; Marmeladnitsa – g2-G12; Nadezhda – g2-J08; Svetlitsa, Tatianina – g1-L12). The profiles of the cultivars Cascad and Red cross are identical to each other, although they differ from the others. The Red cross [(Cherry × White Grape] and Cascad [(free pollination of the variety Diploma (Cherry × White grape)]] varieties were developed in the USA and have common ancestors. It can be assumed the collection under different names contains the same genotype or that these pairs of varieties are so similar that the polymorphism of the analyzed loci is not enough to distinguish them. To prevent a shift in the size of alleles control varieties were selected and proposed, zoned in the territory of the Russian Federation – Gazelle (originator of VNIISPK: Chulkovskaya × Maarses Prominent) and Valentinovka (originator of VNIISPK: Rote Shpetlese × Jonker van Tets). The data obtained on the polymorphism microsatellite loci Red currant can be used for further identification.

scholarly journals Resistance of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with orthopedic infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
S.A. Bozhkova ◽  
E.M. Gordina ◽  
O.V. Schneider ◽  
A.N. Rukina ◽  
V.V. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Orthopedic Infection ◽  
Russian Research

Objective. To evaluate the resistance rate and production of carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae with phenotypic resistance to carbapenems isolated from patients with orthopedic infection. Materials and Methods. The materials for the study were tissue samples, aspirates and removed orthopedic devices of patients with orthopedic infection at the Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, between 2017 and 2019. K. pneumoniae strains were identified in Microlatest by iEMS ReaderMF. These strains were tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion methods, as described by the EUCAST. The carbapenemase genes were investigated by RT-PCR. Results. Of 858 isolated cultures, 6.8% were resistant to carbapenems. Molecular genetic analysis showed that 43.1% of the cultures had blaNDM gene and 24.1% blaOXA-48. All isolates of K. pneumoniae were characterized by resistance to cefotaxime, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. OXA-48-strains were MDR in 50.0% of cases, XDR in 42.9%, PDR in 7.1%. Strains with NDM-carbapenemases were XDR in 68.0% and PDR in 32.0% of cases. The most effective antibiotic was fosfomycin. Thus, 66.7% of NDM-isolates demonstrated sensitivity to fosfomycin. One isolate was PDR with both NDM and OXA-48. Conclusions. Over the period of three years, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae were isolated in the orthopedic hospital. These isolates were not only resistant to carbapenems, but also to a number of other antimicrobial agents. Isolates differed in resistance phenotypes depending on the presence of carbapenemases group, while strains with gene blaNDM were more resistant than those with blaOXA-48.

ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PINE PLANTS VARIETIES OF THE PICEA GENUS IN ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORYOL REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova ◽  
G. А. Pavlenkova ◽  
А. N. Firsov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research

Selection and introduction of a new high-quality range of plants that can grow in modern conditions is the main goal of studying plants in the genetic collection of the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), which includes more than 300 species, forms and varieties of woody plants. The class of coniferous plants, which makes up 25% of the total number of taxa, is represented by three families and nine genera, one of which is Picea A. Dietr. The analysis of ecological and biological features was carried out for 10 native and introduced plant species of this genus in the collection of the VNIISPK arboretum. All the studied species and forms had high winter hardiness, with the exception of Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. With the loss of decorativeness, the Picea canadensis Britt was damaged by pests; Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. was affected by diseases. Two highly decorative genotypes that are resistant to a complex of adverse environmental factors have been identified for use in landscaping of objects of various purposes in the Orel region: P. abies f. cristata (L.) H. Karst and P. pungens f. glauca Reg. For landscape gardens and parks, it is also recommended to use the P. abies f. virgata (Jacq.) Casp.

scholarly journals The stability of varieties is an important element of the integrated protection of flax from

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kudryavceva
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The State ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to characterize the varieties of long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in terms of resistance to fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose and pasmo. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in vegetative, laboratory and field conditions at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax (currently: A separate division Research Institute of Flax). As an object of research, we used varieties of flax-long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020. Methods. The studies were carried out using modern mycological and phytopathological methods. Laboratory, vegetation and field experiments were conducted according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax methods. Results and practical significance. Among the studied 66 varieties, 56.1 % were highly resistant and resistant genotypes to fusarium wilt and 58.3 % – to rust. The specific weight of the Flax Institute varieties for this period was 34.8 %. High resistance to rust and fusarium wilt was characterized by the VNIIL selection varieties: Universal, Diplomat, Alexim, Dewdrop, Zaryanka, Aleksandrit. For the first time, scientists of the Flax Institute have created varieties of flax-long – legged (Diplomat and Tonus) resistant to three diseases: rust, fusarium wilt and anthracnose, and the Caesar variety-to four diseases. All varieties, with the exception of Diplomat and Tonus, a selection of the Flax Institute, were susceptible to anthracnose. The Grant variety of the selection of the Republic of Belarus and the Caesar variety were resistant to pasmo by 59.7 %, the rest were characterized by resistance to damage by 27.8–42.0 %. Scientific novelty. The characteristics of the resistance of the varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation are comprehensively described on infectious and provocative backgrounds using natural and synthetic populations of pathogens diseases of flax. Varieties with group resistance to 2, 3, and 4 diseases are identified. The use of flax varieties resistant to the most economically dangerous diseases in flax crops will reduce the infectious potential and its accumulation in nature.

scholarly journals LOW-PROTEIN PASTA FOR CHILDREN PATIENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA

Food systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
S. T. Bykova ◽  
T. G. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Children Nutrition ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Phenyl Alanine ◽  
Russian Research

There are provided data on the work carried out at All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products to create enriched low-protein pasta based on starch for nutrition the children sick with a phenilketonuria — a hereditary disease (group of fermentopatiya), the bound to violation of amino acids metabolism, mainly phenyl alanine. Optimization of children nutrition is the socially important direction of domestic policy of the Russian Federation since their health directly depends on the good balanced nutrition, especially it is important for the children having diseases of genetic character.To expand the range of the enriched low-protein food the functional ingredients are picked up, recipes and technology of receiving three types of pasta are developed such as: noodles, vermicelli, «spider line», their nutrition and power values are defined. It is shown that in the received products protein content doesn’t exceed permissible value (<1.0%), fat from 3.3 to 3.6%, ashes — to 0.14%, carbohydrates no more than 88.0% that conforms to requirements imposed to reduced-protein products of baby food.

scholarly journals THE CERTIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER LINES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DON EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS BY USING DNA MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of this research was to develop molecular genetic passports of sunflower lines from the collection of the Don experimental station of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops based on polymorphic fractions of microsatellite DNA. We used 17 lines as a research material. We used 12 pairs of primers for genotyping. We found that the ORS 559 locus was monomorphic for these samples. The rest of the loci had from 2 to 4 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.75, PIC – 0.49, the effective number of alleles – 2.16. The analysis of the DNA profiles of the lines showed the individuality of the allelic composition of each of them. The analysis of the genetic relations between the lines showed that the studied lines were divided into two groups, with a genetic distance between them of 5.9.

scholarly journals ALADDIN–FROST-RESISTANT TABLE GRAPEVINE

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
S.I. Krasokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The most promising way to reduce the need for fungicides in viticulture is the use of re-sistant cultivars. In this regard, an urgent task is the selection of table grape varieties with increased resistance to diseases and frost in combination with high marketability and taste. The article discusses the results of a fif-teen-year study of the promising table variety Aladdin. The variety is interspecific hybrid obtained from a saturating crossing Vostorg krasnyy × Vostorg muskatniy at All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Wine-making– Branch of Federal State Budget Sci-entific Institution «FRARC». The Aladdin variety was compared with the regionalized table variety Vostorg, which is also the paren-tal form in the second generation. The viticul-ture is not irrigated, grafted, not covered, the training is fan type on trunk, the planting scheme is 3 × 1.5 m. In the variety study, the methods generally accepted in viticulture and the standard technology of cultivation of vineyards were used. The Aladdin variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, large berries, medium-sized bunches, firm pulp, attractive berry color, light muscat aro-ma. The variety has a proven genetic high re-sistance to powdery mildew and mildew, high frost resistance is confirmed by the data of agrobiological records. According to the total-ity of economically valuable traits, resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmen-tal factors, the Aladdin variety can be recom-mended for transfer to the State variety test-ing of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Implementation of the System of Protection, Information, and Notification of People in Natural and Man-made Transport Emergencies

10.12737/4941 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Алымов ◽  
Aleksandr Alymov ◽  
Лукьянович ◽  
Aleksey Lukyanovich ◽  
Пашков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Emergency Control ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Protection Information ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Russian Research

«All-Russian Research Institute on Problems of Civil Defense and Emergencies of Emergency Control Ministry of Russia» of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters The article reviews creation (2010-2013) of the System of protection, information, and notification of people in natural and man-made transport emergencies, presents a methodological approach to evaluation of the System elements’ quality and the results of its application, and suggests schemes for its further development and improvement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document