Smart Electrically Assisted Bicycles as Health Monitoring Systems: A Review

This paper aims to provide a review of the electrically assisted bicycles (also known as e-bikes) used for recovery of the rider’s physical and physiological information, monitoring of their health state, and adjusting the “medical” assistance accordingly. E-bikes have proven to be an excellent way to do physical activity while commuting, thus improving the user’s health and reducing air pollutant emissions. Such devices can also be seen as the first step to help unhealthy sedentary people to start exercising with reduced strain. Based on this analysis, the need to have e-bikes with artificial intelligence (AI) systems that recover and processe a large amount of data is discussed in depth. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to complete the relevant papers’ search and selection in this systematic review.

A method of searching and marking artifacts in images applying detection and segmentation algorithms

The paper explores the possibility of using neural networks to single out target artifacts on different types of documents. Numerous types of neural networks are often used for document processing, from text analysis to the allocation of certain areas where the desired information may be contained. However, to date, there are no perfect document processing systems that can work autonomously, compensating for human errors that may appear in the process of work due to stress, fatigue and many other reasons. In this work, the emphasis is on the search and selection of target artifacts in drawings, in conditions of a small amount of initial data. The proposed method of searching and highlighting artifacts in the image consists of two main parts, detection and semantic segmentation of the detected area. The method is based on training with a teacher on marked-up data for two convolutional neural networks. The first convolutional network is used to detect an area with an artifact, in this example YoloV4 was taken as the basis. For semantic segmentation, the U-Net architecture is used, where the basis is the pre-trained Efficientnetb0. By combining these neural networks, good results were achieved, even for the selection of certain handwritten texts, without using the specifics of building neural network models for text recognition. This method can be used to search for and highlight artifacts in large datasets, while the artifacts themselves may be different in shape, color and type, and they may be located in different places of the image, have or not have intersection with other objects.

Beyond embedded or not embedded: immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness levels

Purpose This paper aims to review the immigrant entrepreneurship literature to locate how researchers consider embeddedness to home and host countries beyond the “embedded” or “not” dichotomy. Design/methodology/approach The paper conducts a systematic literature review. The authors found 106 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using a structured search and selection protocol. Findings Few articles perceive embeddedness openly as a gradual phenomenon. However, articles in the review use different approaches for considering relative levels of embeddedness, such as depth of social ties. In addition, some articles take a dual perspective or make multi-contextual comparisons to acknowledge immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness levels. These articles emphasise embeddedness as a gradual phenomenon to understand the complexity of immigrant entrepreneurs’ contextualisation better. Based on the review, the paper develops a model, considering embeddedness as an emergent result of the immigrants’ engagement with spaces, networks, markets and institutions of a given home or host context. It also accounts for the dynamic interaction between contextual factors as embeddedness levels change. Research limitations/implications The paper has located all relevant papers in the used databases. However, the systematic review protocol naturally limits its scope. Nevertheless, the developed model based on the review helps researchers develop a more comprehensive understanding of embeddedness and possibly ask novel questions. Social implications This paper can help policymakers improve their policies for the progressive social integration of immigrants, as it helps consider different embeddedness levels. Originality/value Researchers mainly consider individuals’ embeddedness as either “embedded” or “not.” However, we can also understand embeddedness at various levels, e.g. partial, increasing/decreasing and gradual. Significant changes occur in the embeddedness of individuals during immigration. Additionally, contextual relations intertwine immigrants’ entrepreneurial activity over time. The paper reviews embeddedness in the immigrant entrepreneurship literature, searching beyond the dichotomic use of embeddedness. Then, it develops a theoretical understanding of embeddedness levels.

APPENDECTOMY AT THE CONTEMPORARY STAGE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

В первую очередь, острый аппендицит (ОА) - клинический диагноз. Согласно проведенному обзору, по всему миру заболеваемость острым аппендицитом составляет около 100 случаев на 100 тыс. населения в год. Острый аппендицит чаще встречается у пациентов от подросткового возраста и до 50 лет. Также определяется незначительное преобладание мужчин над женщинами. В 1894 г. McBurney описал новую по тем временам технику лечения острого аппендицита. Данный метод до сих пор используется, а во многих странах является золотым стандартом при оперативном лечении острого аппендицита. В 1981 году Семмом была произведена первая лапароскопическая аппендэктомия. В настоящее время хирургия с использованием эндовидео технологий приобретает первостепенное значение во многих хирургических учреждениях. Однако, даже с учетом большого количества проведенных операций и клинических исследований, среди хирургов возникает вопрос: является ли лапароскопическая операция оптимальным выбором при аппендэктомии. Цель. Сравнить лапароскопическую аппендектомию с открытой аппендектомией. Материалы и методы. Для поиска и отбора статей использовался принцип PRISMA (Предпочтительный Метод Отчета Для Систематических Обзоров и Метаанализов). В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrane, PubMEd. Глубина поиска составила 10 лет, за исключением исторических данных. Все источники изучены без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие ключевым словам - острый аппендицит, лапароскопическая аппендэктомия, открытая аппендэктомия. Было найдено 389 статьи, в поиск включались систематические обзоры, метаанализы, рандомизированные клинические исследования. Для удаления дубликатов и отбора статей использовался ресурс «https://rayyan.ai/» После отбора статей было выбрано 119 источников, которые были включены в итоговый синтез. Вывод. Лапароскопическая аппендектомия показывает преимущество перед открытой аппендектомией по интенсивности боли в первый день, раневым инфекциям, продолжительности пребывания в больнице и времени до возвращения к нормальной активности у взрослых. В нескольких исследованиях сообщалось о более высоких показателях качества жизни у взрослых. Однако, некоторые клинические эффекты лапароскопической аппендектомии описаны авторами как небольшие и имеющие ограниченное клиническое значение. Необходимы крупные исследования, направленные на снижение уровня систематической ошибки. First of all, acute appendicitis (OA) is a clinical diagnosis. According to the survey, the worldwide incidence of acute appendicitis is about 100 cases per 100 thousand rubles. population per year. Acute appendicitis is more common in patients from adolescence to 50 years of age. There is also a decisive predominance of men over women. In 1894, McBurney described a new technique for the treatment of acute appendicitis. This method is still used, it is used by the gold standard in the surgical treatment of acute appendicitis. In 1981, Semm performed the first laparoscopic appendectomy. Nowadays, surgery using endovideo technology is gaining paramount importance in many surgical institutions. However, even taking into account the large number of operations performed and clinical trials, the question arises among surgeons: is laparoscopic surgery the optimal choice for appendectomy? Target. Compare laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy. Materials and methods. For the search and selection of articles, the PRISMA principle (Preferred Reporting Method for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used. In this review, the databases MedLine, Cochrane, PubMEd were used. Search depth excludes 10 years. All sources have been studied without language limitation. The literature review was carried out in electronic and manual modes. For were selected articles, the relevant keywords - acute appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy. 389 articles were found, systematic reviews, meta-analyzes, randomized clinical trials were included in the search. To remove duplicates and select articles, the resource "https://rayyan.ai/" was used for the selection of articles, 119 sources were selected, which were included in the final synthesis. Output. Laparoscopic appendectomy shows an advantage over open appendectomy in first day pain, wound infections, length of hospital stay, and time to return to normal activity in adults. Several studies have reported higher rates of quality of life in adults. However, some of the authors' approximating effects of laparoscopic vendectomy are small and of limited clinical relevance. Large studies are needed, the error is to lower the systematic level.

Perinatal Effects of Metformin use in Gestational Diabetes

Background: GD is a condition in which a woman develops glucose intolerance at any time during pregnancy and may or may not resolve at the end of pregnancy. Metformin, from the group of biguanides, is considered an alternative management of gestational diabetes, included in the list of essential medicines by the OMS. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out through various databases from March 2018 to September 2021; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English and Spanish. The following keywords were used: metformin, macrosomia, gestational diabetes. Results: The present review offers pathophysiological measures, complications, pharmacological therapy, for a better approach in perinatals in patients with gestational diabetes. Conclusion: With the results observed, it should be noted that metformin is viable for the management of patients with gestational diabetes.

Women of Color Leveraging Community Cultural Wealth to Persist in Computing and Tech Graduate Education: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

This paper synthesizes 20 years (1999–2019) of empirical research on women of color (WOC) in computing and tech graduate education. Using complementary theoretical frameworks of social pain and community cultural wealth (CCW), we identify factors in the research literature that affect WOC’s experiences, participation, success, and persistence. This qualitative meta-synthesis employed systematic literature search and selection methods, a hybrid approach to coding and thematic analysis. Findings include the ways in which social pain from isolation, exclusion, and hostility from peers and faculty negatively affected WOC’s experiences in their graduate programs. Often, WOC’s motivation to persist and succeed in computing came from key social actors, such as mentors and families, and from individual and social strategies, such as seeking counterspaces, that leveraged their CCW. This meta-synthesis contributes to the knowledge base about the mechanisms that support and hinder the persistence of WOC in computing graduate programs and provides recommendations for institutions and for further research.

A bio-inspired adaptive model for search and selection in the Internet of Things environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that can connect an enormous number of intelligent objects, share large amounts of data, and produce new services. However, it is a challenge to select the proper sensors for a given request due to the number of devices in use, the available resources, the restrictions on resource utilization, the nature of IoT networks, and the number of similar services. Previous studies have suggested how to best address this challenge, but suffer from low accuracy and high execution times. We propose a new distributed model to efficiently deal with heterogeneous sensors and select accurate ones in a dynamic IoT environment. The model’s server uses and manages multiple gateways to respond to the request requirements. First, sensors were grouped into three semantic categories and several semantic sensor network types in order to define the space of interest. Second, each type’s sensors were clustered using the Whale-based Sensor Clustering (WhaleCLUST) algorithm according to the context properties. Finally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was improved to search and select the most adequate sensor matching users’ requirements. Experimental results from real data sets demonstrate that our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of accuracy (96%), execution time, quality of clustering, and scalability of clustering.

Integrating Business, Social, and Environmental Goals in Open Innovation through Partner Selection

Although collaborative networks (CN) are widespread in academia and have come to be even more used in corporations all over the world, they still face several challenges on behalf of the new product development (NPD) context, especially in regard to the selection of the CN’s right partner. This becomes even more evident when it comes to promoting sustainable development goals within a CN’s activities, by selecting the right partners with a wide consensus from a CN’s management board, avoiding, therefore, the subjectivity around managers’ perception of a CN’s partner selection. Therefore, this work attempts to answer this problem, by presenting a soft-computing-based framework, to support the managers’ board on partner search and selection. The method presented here is further assessed by using a case study, based on the development of a green product, where, according to the obtained results, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach is extremely effective for partner selection, by assessing and prioritizing each candidate involved. The most suitable candidate that fulfills the CN’s requirements is then selected to be integrated as a future partner.

Strategic Diagnostics of the Industry as a Strategizing Object

The changes associated with the strengthening of existing trends, the translation of global trends to regional and national levels, the emergence of new trends and their scaling up to the world level, leads to a transformation of conditions and the emergence of new strategic factors of economic development. This non-stationary process, which declares both negative and positive aspects, complicates the monitoring, search and selection of long-term guidelines for the industrial development of the economy, which justifies the relevance of the development of the methodological apparatus for strategizing industries.The industrial strategy developed in accordance with the general theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing, the founder of which is Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir L. Kvint, is designed to systematize and take into account the variability of conditions, the variety of strategic factors and emerging opportunities, decompose the latter to the level of strategic priorities, the implementation of which will generate high efficiency over the entire horizon of strategizing.At the same time, the general theory of strategy is a young science, being in constant contact with practice, the theoretical foundations and methodological provisions of its main directions, including industrial, are still at the stage of formation and improvement.Making correct and reasonable strategic decisions increasingly depends on the depth of studying the object of strategizing. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to disclose one of the preparatory stages for the development of a strategy, namely, the study of the industry as an object of strategizing.The article justifies the necessity of dividing the analysis of the industry as an object of strate-gizing into two stages: strategic diagnostics (the study of the main characteristics, features, the current trajectory of development and potential), and OTSW-analysis (the study of the object of industrial strategizing from the position of searching for future prospects, choosing a vector of long-term development and forming a trajectory of movement in the chosen direction). In addition, the author indicates the potential elements of strategic diagnostics of the industry as an object of strategizing and reveals the key aspects of each of the areas of analysis.