scholarly journals Difference of Glucose variability between Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Koji Ebe ◽  
Tetsuo Muneta ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
Yoshikazu Yonei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect ◽  
The Difference

Background: There have been lots of discussion and controversy concerning the difference between Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR). The important points include glucose variability, glucose-lowering effect, weight reduction degree and influence on lipid metabolism. Subjects and Methods: Enrolled subjects were 47 patients with T2DM. Methods included the study for providing subjects CR meal with 60% carbohydrate on day 1-2 and LCD meal with 12% on day 3-14. Daily profile of blood glucose was studied seven times a day on day 2 and day 4. Further, biomarkers including HbA1c, average blood glucose, and M value were investigated and analyzed for mutual correlations. Results: Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to the average glucose value, which were 124mg/dL, 160mg/dL, 206mg/dL, and 281mg/dL, respectively. Data in 4 groups were as follows: Number; 12,12,12,11, Male/Female; 6/6, 3/9, 6/6, 5/6, mean age; 51.3, 60.9, 65.3, 60.6 years old, HbA1c; 6.1%, 7.1%, 8.0%, 8.9%, fasting glucose on day 2; 109 mg/dL, 136 mg/dL, 178 mg/dL, 224mg/dL, respectively. Daily profiles of blood glucose in 4 groups on day 4 were remarkably decreased than those of day 2. The levels of M value indicating average blood glucose and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) on day 2 vs 4 were compared in 4 groups, which are 7.1 vs 10.5, 39.7 vs 5.0, 139 vs 15.7, 367 vs88, respectively. Correlations among HbA1c, M value and average blood glucose showed significant correlations (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Obtained results showed that the distribution of daily profile of blood glucose in 4 groups is separated. Further similar tendency was observed in HbA1c and M value.

scholarly journals Urinary C-Peptide Excretion for Diabetic Treatment in Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD)

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Koji Ebe ◽  
Tetsuo Muneta ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
Yoshikazu Yonei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Average Glucose

Background: Arguments have continued about Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR). Authors have reported clinical research of LCD and Morbus (M) value. Subjects and Methods: Subjects enrolled are 84 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 60.9 ± 10.9 years. The protocol were as follows: 1) CR diet on day 1, 2 with 60% carbohydrates, and LCD on day 3-14 with 12% carbohydrates, 2) Daily profile of blood glucose 7 times a day on day 2 (CR) and day 4 (LCD), 3) urinary C-Peptide radioimmunoassay (u-CPR) excretion, 4) M value calculation, 5) investigation of these data with correlation. Results: Subjects were classified into 4 groups according to M value, which were .4–21, 23–66, 29–192, 200–728, respectively. HbA1c value was 6.2, 8.0, 7.8, 9.2 %, respectively. Blood glucose in median from day 2 to day 4 were 123 to 107 mg/dL, 164 to 130 mg/dL, 193 to 156 mg/dL, 277 to 201 mg/dL, respectively. M value in median from day 2 to 4 was 6.3 to 9, 41 to 7, 108 to 16, 367 to 88, respectively. u-CPR was 88 to 58, 53 to 35, 65 to 52, 74 to 64, respectively. There were significant correlations among among glucose, M value and u-CPR. Discussion and Conclusion: Average glucose, M value and u-CPR decreased remarkably on day 4. As average glucose and M value were higher, decrease degree were larger. These results suggested that carbohydrate in meal would influence glucose variability in T2DM. Our data would become basic data for pathophysiological analysis of glucose variability research in the future.

scholarly journals Normalized glucose variability by Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) in CGM study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Muneta T ◽  
Kawaguchi E ◽  
Hayashi M ◽  
Bando H ◽  
Ebe K
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Freestyle Libre ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect

In diabetic practice, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been more used for glucose variability. Authors have reported and developed the clinical study of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR) through Japan LCD Promotion Association (JLCDPA). A diabetic case is presented with normalizing glucose variability by LCD meal checked by CGM. Case is 51 years female with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At first visit, HbA1c was 10.0%, glucose was 288mg/dL, BMI 39.1, GOT 16IU/mL, HDL-C 33mg/dL, Triglyceride 152mg/dL. CR meal was provided on day-1 to day-5 and LCD meal with 12% carbohydrate on day-6 to day-13. Average glucose value from CGM was 292mg/dL, 235mg/dL, 160mg/dL, 140mg/dL, 124mg/dL in day 3,5,7,9,11 respectively. On day-13, total Ketone bodies (T-KB) 540μmol/L (-131), Acetoacetic acid (AcAc) 86μmol/L (-55) and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-OHBA) 454μmol/L (-85). Weight reduction was 5kg on day-14 and 11.2kg on day-70 with BMI 34.6. Thus, LCD showed a remarkable glucose-lowering effect in short term. FreeStyle Libre (Abbott, USA) seems to be a useful apparatus for monitoring the detailed fluctuation of blood glucose. These results would become fundamental and reference data and contribute to the LCD research development in the future.

scholarly journals Low carbohydrate diet and improved glycaemic control in a patient with type one diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Eiswirth ◽  
Ewan Clark ◽  
Michael Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
List Type ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Type One Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Summary We present the case of an adult female with type 1 diabetes, whose HbA1c was trending at 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) for the past 3 years. In August 2016, she reduced her total daily carbohydrate intake to 30–50 g and adjusted her other macronutrients to compensate for the calorific deficit. Her HbA1c fell to 34 mmol/mol (5.3%) by January 2017 and average daily blood glucose readings decreased significantly from 10.4 to 6.1 mmol/L. Moreover, she observed a marked reduction of average daily glucose variability. Notably, there were no significant episodes of hypo- or hyperglycaemia and her lipid profile remained static. Subjectively, she described an improvement in her quality of life and the dietary transition was extremely well tolerated. We discuss these findings in detail and the potential clinical benefits for patients with type 1 diabetes that can be gained by following a low carbohydrate diet. Learning points: A low carbohydrate diet was found to substantially reduce HbA1c values and blood glucose (BG) variability, as well as causing a significant reduction in average daily glucose values in a patient with T1DM. Although further research is warranted, low carbohydrate diets in patients with T1DM have the potential to positively impact long-term morbidity and mortality through reduction of BG variability and average daily BG values. The diet was well tolerated and not associated with any adverse effects within this study.

Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Cats with Glargine Insulin Improves Glycaemic Control and Results in Higher Probability of Remission than Protamine Zinc and Lente Insulins

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Marshall ◽  
J.S. Rand ◽  
J.M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Glycaemic control and remission probabilities were compared in 24 newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated twice daily with either glargine, protamine zinc (PZI) or lente insulin and fed a low carbohydrate diet. After day 17, the probability of remission was substantially higher for cats with lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17, irrespective of insulin type. Glargine-treated cats had lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17 than PZI- or lente-treated cats, and all eight glargine-treated cats achieved remission compared to three PZI- and two lente-treated cats. The probability of remission was greater for cats treated with glargine than cats treated with PZI or lente insulin. In newly diagnosed diabetic cats, twice daily treatment with glargine provides better glycaemic control and higher probability of remission compared to twice daily treatment with PZI or lente insulin. Good glycaemic control soon after diagnosis is associated with increased probability of remission and should be the goal of insulin therapy.

Introducing a very low carbohydrate diet for a child with type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019
Author(s):  
Caroline de Souza Bosco Paiva ◽  
Maria Helena Melo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune disease for which no cure is available. The treatment includes insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. The goal is to keep blood glucose levels close to normal most of the time to delay or prevent complications. Despite the increase in the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in recent years, the management of type 1 diabetes remains suboptimal in terms of glycaemic control and normal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70–180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L−10 mmol/L). Therefore, further studies are needed to verify how a very low carbohydrate diet impacts child development.

scholarly journals A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Realizes Medication Withdrawal: A Possible Opportunity for Effective Glycemic Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Han ◽  
Bingfei Cheng ◽  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Nailong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

ObjectiveMultiple studies have confirmed that diet restrictions can effectively realize glycemic control and reduce metabolic risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2018, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) stated that individuals can select a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) according to their needs and preferences. Owing to the influence of Chinese traditional eating habits, only a small portion of patients in China have achieved their blood glucose goals. As a result, the Chinese government will incur huge expenditures.MethodThis study recruited 134 T2DM participants and randomly assigned them to the LCD group (n = 67) or the low-fat diet (LFD) group (n = 67). All of the patients had a fixed amount of exercise and were guided by clinicians. After a period of dietary washout, all of the patients received corresponding dietary education according to group. The follow-up time was 6 months. The indicators for anthropometry, glycemic control, and medication application parameters were collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 121 participants who finally entered the study. The proportions of calories from three major nutrients the participants consumed met the requirements of LCD and LFD. Compared with baseline, the pre-postdifferences of body weight, BMI, and several other indicators were significant except for dosages of insulin used in the LCD group and MES in the LFD group. After the intervention, body weight, body weight index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2-h blood glucose (PPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the LCD group decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the LFD group. The number of patients using lipid-lowering agents was significant higher in the LCD group and lower in the LFD group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for antihypertensive, hormone-replacement, and other agents.ConclusionsThe LCD diet can decrease body weight, glycemic levels, MES, and lipid-lowering agents more than the LFD diet, thus decreasing cost burden in Chinese patients with T2DM. Strict diet control and monitoring are the keys to managing diabetes.

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