scholarly journals Hazard Indices and Human Health Risks Associated with Toxic Element Contaminants in Bivalve Shellfish from Niger Delta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Sunday Ukwo ◽  
Chidi Ezeama ◽  
Kuyik Abasiekong
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Tissue Burden ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish

The quality of coastal waters in Niger delta have increasingly and adversely impacted by varieties of contaminants occasioned by environmental degradation and aquatic perturbation posed by petroleum exploration activities. This tends to undermine nutritional and health benefits derived from consumption of shellfish harvested from these waters. This study investigated tissue burden, hazard indices and human health risks associated with toxic element contaminants in bivalve shellfish harvested from coastal waters of Niger delta. Four species of bivalve shellfish; bloody cockle (Anadara senilis), donax clam (Donax rugosus), knife clam (Tagelus adansonaii) and mangrove oyster (Crassosstra gasar) collected from four locations were assessed for levels of toxic element contaminants as well as hazard indices and human health risk associated with their consumption. The tissue burden of toxic element contaminants was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer while United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method was employed to estimate hazard indices and human health risk. Results indicated lead concentrations were within the 1.5mg/kg acceptable limits while levels of cadmium, arsenic and mercury were higher than FAO limits of 0.5, 0, 0.5 mg/kg respectively. The estimated human health risk indicated non-carcinogenic values and hazard indices higher than threshold value of one for cadmium, total arsenic and methyl mercury while values for inorganic arsenic at some locations were higher than stipulated one in one million (1.0x10-6) chances. This implies that toxic elements apart from lead in bivalves shellfish from these locations can induce potential deleterious health effects at consumption of 48g/day of bivalve shellfish.

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in the Niger Delta: human health risk assessment of BTEX in biota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha E. Ojimelukwe ◽  
Magdalene Okeh Nafagha-Lawal ◽  
Kariye Elizabeth Lelei ◽  
Arinze O. Uche ◽  
Ehiedu Philomina Kika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pollution

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals in source waters of 95 First Nations in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Harold Schwartz ◽  
Lesya Marushka ◽  
Hing Man Chan ◽  
Malek Batal ◽  
Tonio Sadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Human Health Risks

Abstract Objectives Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the environment. Little has been published about the presence of pharmaceuticals in waterbodies nearby or on reserve land of First Nations in Canada. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the level of pharmaceuticals in First Nations’ surface waters, (2) calculate the human health risks of the mixtures found, and (3) measure the exposure to pharmaceuticals in First Nations’ drinking water where source water was highly contaminated. Methods This participatory study measured the levels of 43 pharmaceuticals from surface water samples taken at three water sampling sites chosen by the 95 participating First Nations. The sites were in proximity to recreational areas, fishing areas, drinking water sources, and/or wastewater outflows. When elevated levels of pharmaceutical mixtures were found in samples, drinking water samples were obtained and analyzed for potential pharmaceuticals. Human health risks were calculated by an established protocol. Results In total, 432 samples were collected at 302 water sampling sites (285 surface water, 11 drinking water, and 6 wastewater sites). Quantifiable levels of 35 pharmaceuticals were found in 79 of the 95 (83%) participating First Nations at 193 of the 285 surface water sites (68%). Overall, the levels found were comparable to or lower than those found in other studies in Canada and worldwide. Conclusion In almost all participating First Nations, there is no human health risk from consuming surface water for drinking. However, surface water in the vicinity of major urban centres should not be used as secondary untreated water sources due to the elevated human health risk associated with exposure to the mixtures of multiple pharmaceuticals detected.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Black Sea: Evaluating Mussels

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Arici ◽  
Aysah Öztekin ◽  
Levent Bat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Significant Difference

The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Mediterranean mussel) picked up from the Black Sea coasts of Turkey have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) with a view to biomonitoring metal contamination in 2015. In this work, a statistically significant difference in the amounts of all studied heavy metals analyzed was noticed amidst sampling areas namely Igneada, Sinop, Samsun and Trabzon so that appraise welfare threat for mussel consumers, utilization M. galloprovincialis as biomonitors. The outcomes of this study were contrasted with the outlines stated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC) for the harmless consumption restrictions of Bivalves as seafood. Moreover, former works with mussels in the Black Sea countries were reviewed and a summary of heavy metal amounts in mussels from whole the Black Sea waters were presented. In general these available measurements clearly indicated a low level heavy metal in M. galloprovincialis in coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study the concentrations (mg metal kg-1 wet wt.) of metals ranged from 18-35 for Fe, 8-27 for Zn, 2.8-4.5 for Mn, 0.5-1.8 for Cu, 0.06-0.31 for Pb, 0.04-0.10 for Cd and 0.03-0.07 for Hg. Considering human health with respect to the investigated heavy metals, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) did not exceed the permissible intakes. No chronic systemic risk was found since total hazard index (0.521) were quite below critical value 1, and the carcinogenic risk for heavy metals did not exceed the tolerable values. Although there was no health risk to consumed mussels from the Black Sea riparian countries, the amount of mussels consumed is mainly unknown in countries; thus, consumption of about 1 serving of mussels from clean coastal waters per week is enough.

Edible Mushrooms from Niger Delta, Nigeria with Heavy Metal Levels of Public Health Concern: A Human Health Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorbari Igbiri ◽  
Nnaemeka A. Udowelle ◽  
Osazuwa C. Ekhator ◽  
Rose N. Asomugha ◽  
Zelinjo N. Igweze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Metal Levels

Use of Epidemiological and Toxicological Observations in Domestic and Wild Animal Populations for Evaluating Human Health Risks

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
C. Richard Dorn ◽  
Gay Y. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Lead Mining

Domesticated and wild animal populations are important resources in evaluating human health risks. Animals not only share man's environment, but some of them are also part of the human food chain. Three examples of monitoring the health of animal populations and using these data in evaluating human health risk were reviewed. A study of horses, cattle and wildlife in a Missouri lead mining and smelting area revealed that horses were sensitive indicators of environmental lead contamination; they developed clinical signs of lead poisoning and died, while other animal species in the same area did not exhibit signs of illness. Although they did not appear ill, cattle in the same area had liver and kidney lead concentrations that were higher than tolerance levels established in England, Wales and Canada. Wildlife such as bullfrogs, muskrats, and greenbacked herons collected downstream from an old lead mining area had significantly higher lead and cadmium levels than either upstream samples or comparable downstream samples collected at a new lead mining area. Some of these data were used in a court trial which resulted in the lead company buying the farmland so that humans and domestic animals would not be exposed. Another study of municipal sludge application on Ohio farms did not reveal excess illness rates for either livestock or humans living on farms receiving the sludge, as compared with those on control farms. However, cattle were more sensitive than humans as early indicators of low level exposure to toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. Also, calves on sludge-receiving farms accumulated cadmium and lead in their kidneys. The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS), currently in a pilot stage in eight states, is another example of the use of animal populations to evaluate human health risk. Information from NAHMS about zoonotic infections, use of drugs in food producing animals and diseases common to both animals and man, provide a better understanding of human disease. Population-based animal studies are desirable adjuncts to laboratory animal studies in assessing human health risk due to environmental exposure.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of ecological risk and human health risk of potentially toxic elements in farmland soil based on PMF model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Chen Haung ◽  
Li-mei Cai ◽  
Yao-Hui Xu ◽  
Han-Hui Wen ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Farmland Soil

In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to estimate the features of enrichment and contamination of PTEs in farmland soil. Furthermore, combining the spatial distribution characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) to distinguish and quantify the sources of PTEs in farmland soil, and then the potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) model based on PMF are applied to quantify the ecological and human health risks from different sources. Taking Puning District as an example, four sources of PTEs in farmland soil were quantitatively allocated. For ecological risk, the study area is at moderate ecological hazard level, and industrial activities were the greatest contributor. The mean E_r^i of Hg were 69.82, reaching medium ecological risk level. For human health risks, both adults and children have no evident non-carcinogenic risk in the study area. And natural source was the largest contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, followed by agricultural activities. With regard to carcinogenic risk, tolerable risks of soil PTEs in the study area were limited not only for adults but also for children. Furthermore, compared with adults, the health risks of children, whether non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic, were higher than those of adults, and the trends in health risks for children and adults were similar. A comprehensive scheme combining source contribution and risk assessment is conducive to quantitatively assess ecological risks, health risks and priority pollution sources, thereupon provide effective suggestions for protecting human health and preventing and controlling pollution.

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