scholarly journals Physical, motor and biochemistry assessments of children exposed to HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
A. P. P. Cardoso ◽  
T. R. Pegorete ◽  
P. O. Silva ◽  
P. P. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Specialized Service ◽  
Hiv Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Exposed Child ◽  
Height For Age

According to data from the Ministry of Health, the number of HIV positive pregnant women is still worrying, so it is necessary to carry out targeted care for these children exposed to HIV, assessing their development and growth thus promoting a normal life as any other child. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the physical, motor and some biochemical parameters of children exposed to HIV. It is a quantitative, descriptive / observational study with 10 children exposed to HIV, attended at the Sinop-MT Specialized Service, between March and May 2015. Of the children evaluated, 20% were overweight and obese and 30% demonstrated elevated height for age. As for socioeconomic conditions, the average family income was R $ 1,568.00, an average of 4 people in the residences and 70% of the women were married. Of the pregnant women, 90% performed elective cesarean section, 90% used intravenous AZT and 100% used AZT syrup. Changes in the hemogram of some children were observed, indicating that ART can induce disorders such as hematocrit and hemoglobin decrease, consequently anemia and thrombocytopenia. Regarding viral load, 60% presented undetectable results. The development of the exposed child was similar to that of a child without HIV exposure, showing that child development growth had not been affected. The development of children exposed to HIV is significantly similar to that of non-exposed children when all recommended protective measures are taken to prevent vertical transmission.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women toward Elective Cesarean Section in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Afaf Abdul-Jabar Al Sulamy ◽  
Shadia A. Yousuf ◽  
Hala Ahmed Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Melatonin Increases During Pregnancy and Falls Immediately After Delivery Implicating the Placenta as a Major Source of Melatonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ejaz ◽  
Juliana K. Figaro ◽  
Andrea M. F. Woolner ◽  
Bensita M. V. Thottakam ◽  
Helen F. Galley
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which regulates circadian rhythm and is also an antioxidant. The role of melatonin in pregnancy is emerging. The enzymes needed for endogenous synthesis of melatonin have been identified in the placenta, although the contribution to circulating maternal melatonin in normal pregnancy is unclear. This work aimed to determine serum levels of melatonin and its major metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) in normal pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy, and immediately after delivery. Blood samples were obtained from a cohort of healthy pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy (n = 26), from women scheduled for elective Cesarean section (CS) before and after delivery (n = 15), along with placental samples, and from healthy non-pregnant women as controls (n = 30). Melatonin and its major metabolite, 6-OHMS, were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Levels of serum melatonin were significantly higher during pregnancy than in non-pregnant women (P = 0.025) and increased throughout pregnancy (P < 0.0001). In women undergoing CS, serum melatonin decreased markedly 24 h after delivery (P = 0.0013). Similar results were seen for serum levels of 6-OHMS, and placental tissue 6-OHMS levels correlated with week of gestation at delivery (p = 0.018). In summary, maternal melatonin production is higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, increases significantly during pregnancy with highest levels in the third trimester, and decreases abruptly after delivery. These results suggest that the placenta is a major source of melatonin and supports a physiological role for melatonin in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Ultrasound assessment of gastric antrum in term pregnant women before elective cesarean section

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Klippel Amaral ◽  
Márcio Luiz Benevides ◽  
Marília Marquioreto Benevides ◽  
Diogo Leite Sampaio ◽  
Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy containing raltegravir to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in infected pregnant women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M. Cecchini ◽  
Marina G. Martinez ◽  
Laura M. Morganti ◽  
Claudia G. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Late Presenter ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Mother To Child

We conducted a retrospective study in a general hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009-2015) aimed at evaluating outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women (HIPW), who were prescribed raltegravir (RAL)- containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 239 HIPW were enrolled in our study; among them 31 received RAL (12.9%) at different clinical stages: i) intensification (INS): addition of RAL to current ART because of detectable antepartum viral load, 13 (41.9%); ii) late presenter (LP): standard ART + RAL as fourth drug, 15 (48.4%); iii) treatment of resistant-HIV: 3 (9.7%). Median gestational age at RAL initiation was 34 weeks and median exposure was 30 days. In INS-group, median viral load (VL) decrease was 1.48 log10. In LPgroup, median VL decline was 2.15 log10. No clinical adverse events or maternal intolerance attributable to RAL were observed. Elective cesarean section was done in 51.7%; mild elevation of transaminases was observed in 35% of neonates. No vertical transmission was documented.

scholarly journals Comparison of Anesthesia Techniques Used in Cesarean Deliveries on the Neonate - Anesthesia Techniques and Neonate?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Bedih Balkan ◽  
Mehmet can Ozbas ◽  
Furkan Tontu ◽  
Gunes Ozlem Yıldız ◽  
Gulsum Oya Hergunsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

Background: Though there are many studies on the effects of anesthesia methods used for cesarean section on the newborn, research on this topic still continues. In our prospective observational study, we investigated the effects of different anesthesia techniques used in routine cesarean deliveries on early neonatal outcomes in our hospital. Methods: This prospective, observational, randomized study included a total of 222 ASA II risk group pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section at term (38-41 weeks’ gestation) without fetal distress. The women were randomized into three groups. In the general anesthesia with propofol group (Group P, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 2 mg∙kg-1 propofol and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1 rocuronium. In the general anesthesia with thiopental sodium group (Group T, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 5 mg∙kg-1 thiopental sodium and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1 rocuronium. Women in the spinal anesthesia group (Group SA, n = 74) were administered 0.5% (10 mg) hypertonic bupivacaine and 10 mcg fentanyl. Results: There were no significant differences between Group SA, Group P, and Group T in terms of delivery time; neonatal 1- and 5-min Apgar scores; neonatal jaundice rates; neonatal systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure or peak heart rate; neonatal intensive care requirement; pH, PCO2, PO2 values in cord blood gas; or neonatal glucose and lactate values. The rate of ephedrine use was significantly higher in Group SA than in Group P and Group T. Maternal satisfaction score was higher in Group SA at postoperative 4 hours and in Group P at 24 hours. The number of newborns taken into intensive care unit in Group T was significantly higher in the 1st hour, 4th hour, 5th hour and total. Respectively p value (0.006, 0,048, 0,048, and 0,005). Pain on injection was present in 55% of patients (n = 81), mild in 36% (n = 54), and severe in 18% (n = 27). Myoclonies occurred in 4% of patients (n = 7) and local rash in 6% of patients (n = 10). Differences between formulations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: None of the three anesthesia methods showed superiority after elective cesarean delivery. However, spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia with propofol are more appropriate for pregnant women in terms of effects on the neonate.

Connexin 43 mediates endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-induced vasodilatation in subcutaneous resistance arteries from healthy pregnant women

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. H1026-H1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninian N. Lang ◽  
Leonid Luksha ◽  
David E. Newby ◽  
Karolina Kublickiene
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The role of gap junctions in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxation of human arteries was assessed using connexin mimetic peptides (CMPs) designated 37,43Gap27, 40Gap27, and 43Gap26 according to homology with the major vascular connexins (Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43). Resistance arteries were obtained from subcutaneous fat biopsies of healthy pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to bradykinin (BK) was assessed using wire myography. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and indomethacin (nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, respectively) attenuated maximal relaxation to BK (Rmax) by ∼50%. Coincubation with l-NAME, indomethacin, and the combined CMPs (37,43Gap27, 40Gap27, and 43Gap26) almost abolished relaxation to BK (Rmax = 12.2 ± 3.7%). In arteries incubated with l-NAME and indomethacin, the addition of either 37,43Gap27 or 40Gap27 had no significant effect on Rmax, whereas 43Gap26 caused marked inhibition (Rmax = 21 ± 6.4%, P = 0.005 vs. l-NAME plus indomethacin alone) that was similar to that of the triple combination. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was unaffected by CMPs, l-NAME, or indomethacin. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 expression in the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. In pregnant women, EDHF-mediated vasorelaxation of subcutaneous resistance arteries is dependent on Cx43 and gap junctions.

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