scholarly journals Effect of the water-soluble cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex on the development of pulmonary edema with an analysis of the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
N. E. Kobzar ◽  
V. P. Mikhailov ◽  
V. V. Porseva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Osmotic Resistance Of Erythrocytes ◽  
Water Soluble Complex

Introduction. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is a potent acceptor of cellular membrane cholesterol and, at the same time, used as a solubilizer, which makes it a potential target for targeted delivery of hydrophobic compounds.Aim. To assess the effect of administration of methyl-β-cyclodextrin containing cholesterol on the degree of lung hydration and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes against the background of pulmonary edema in adult rats caused by the administration of mezaton.Materials and methods. We investigated the degree of hydration of the lungs by the value of the pulmonary coefficient and their dry residue. Osmotic resistance of erythrocytes were assessed by the intensity of their hemolysis in a series of hypotonic sodium chloride solutions in adult male Wistar rats (220±40 g) of the control group (intact, n=10) and two experimental groups with pulmonary edema caused by the administration of mezaton (n=10) and with the subsequent introduction of a water-soluble complex cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin against the background of the development of pulmonary edema (n=10). We used additional criteria for assessing the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes: minimum resistance – the concentration of sodium chloride solution, at which the first “weak” erythrocytes begin to hemolyze; maximum resistance is the concentration of sodium chloride solution at which all or almost all erythrocytes hemolyzed.Results. The introduction of mezaton led to the development of pronounced hemolysis and hydration of the lungs with the development of their edema and a narrowing of the range of minimum and maximum osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. The introduction of a complex of cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin after edemogenic exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pulmonary edema, determined by a decrease in the pulmonary coefficient and an increase in the dry residue, and to an increase in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes with an expansion of the range of their minimum and maximum osmotic resistance.Conclusion. The introduction of a water-soluble complex of cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin against the background of the development of hemodynamic pulmonary edema significantly reduced the degree of hydration of the lungs, which combined with an increase in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes.

Water soluble corrosion inhibitors for copper in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Huang ◽  
Zhenqiang Wang ◽  
Yulong Gong ◽  
Fang Gao ◽  
Ziping Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals The use of Robinia pseudoacacia L fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in the protection of copper-based objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Pourzarghan ◽  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Green Inhibitor

AbstractThe most important inhibitors used in bronze disease are BTA and AMT. While these inhibitors control corrosion, they are toxic and cancerous. In this study, the acacia fruit extract (200 ppm to 1800 ppm) was used to the prevention of corrosion inhibition of bronze alloy in corrosive sodium chloride solution 0.5 M, for 4 weeks consecutively. The Bronze alloy used in this research, was made based on the same percentage as the ancient alloys (Cu-10Sn). IE% was used to obtain the inhibitory efficiency percentage and Rp can be calculated from the resistance of polarization. SEM–EDX was used to evaluate the surfaces of alloy as well as inhibitory. The experiment was conducted in split plot design in time based on the RCD in four replications. ANOVA was performed and comparison of means square using Duncan's multiple range test at one percent probability level. The highest rate of corrosion inhibition (93.5%) was obtained at a concentration of 1800 ppm with an increase in the concentration of the extract, corrosion inhibition also increased, i.e., more bronze was prevented from burning. Also, the highest corrosion inhibitory activity of Acacia extract (79.66) was in the second week and with increasing duration, this effect has decreased. EDX analysis of the control sample matrix showed that the amount of chlorine was 8.47%wt, while in the presence of corrosive sodium chloride solution, after 4 weeks, the amount of chlorine detected was 3.20%wt. According to the morphology (needle and rhombus) of these corrosion products based on the SEM images, it can be said, they are the type of atacamite and paratacamite. They have caused bronze disease in historical bronze works. The green inhibitor of Acacia fruit aqueous extract can play an effective role in inhibiting corrosion of bronze, but at higher concentrations, it became fungal, which can reduce the role of Acacia fruit aqueous extract and even ineffective. To get better performance of green inhibitors, more tests need to be done to improve and optimize.

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

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