scholarly journals Criminal misdemeanors as a novelty of criminal and criminal procedure legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Andrii Begma ◽  
Galyna Muliar ◽  
Oleksii Khovpun
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Medical Examinations

The scientific article pays attention to the consideration of the concepts of “criminal offense”, “criminal offense”, “crime” andtheir implementation in criminal and criminal procedure legislation. Amendments to the legislation that came into force in connectionwith the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Simplification of Pre-trial Inves -tigation of Certain Categories of Criminal Offenses” are considered. The issue devoted to the new subject of criminal procedure – thecoroner and the head of the inquiry body is investigated.The article considers the types of evidence that are taken into account in the investigation of criminal offenses. Such evidenceshould include: explanations of persons, results of medical examination, expert opinion, testimony of technical devices and technicalmeans that have the functions of photography and filming, video recording, or means of photography and filming, video recording. Thepossibility of using evidence in the investigation of crimes is considered.During the criminal proceedings, a new entity is identified, which is actually engaged in the investigation of criminal offenses,such an entity is the investigator. Inquiry is a new unit that investigates criminal offenses. Inquiries are carried out by inquiry subdivisionsor authorized persons of other subdivisions.A criminal offense is an act (action or omission) provided by the Criminal Code, for which the main penalty is a fine of not morethan three thousand non-taxable minimum incomes or other punishment not related to imprisonment. Procedural sources of evidencein criminal proceedings on criminal offenses, in addition to certain Art. 84 of the CPC, there are also explanations of persons, the resultsof medical examinations, expert opinion, indications of technical devices and technical means that have the functions of photographyand filming, video recording, or means of photography and filming, video recording.The legislator does not rule out that the sources of evidence are testimony, physical evidence, documents, expert opinions, but infact the explanations of persons, the results of medical examinations, expert opinion, indications of technical devices and equipmentthat have the functions of photography and filming, video or photo – and filming, video recordings are also identified as sources of evidence.The purpose of such a division is to distinguish between sources of evidence that can be used to prove crimes and criminal offenses.In addition, there is a misunderstanding – what exactly can we use to form the evidence base in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals SEPARATE ASPECTS OF USING THE EXPLANATIONS OF PERSONS AS SOURCES OF EVIDENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
O.Y. Pereverza ◽  
M.K. Kulava
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

The article is devoted to the procedural determination of explanations of persons and peculiarities of obtaining explanations of persons in the investigation of criminal offenses. Changes to Part 8. Art. 95, part 3 Art. 214 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (hereinafter – CPC) and new Art. 298-1 CPC are analyzed. It is stated that the explanations selected in this category of the case can be considered as evidence even if they were received before the data entered in the EDDR and can be selected by all the subjects listed in item 19 of Art. 3 CPC, including defender and operational units. It is possible to select explanations from the persons listed in item 25 of Art. 3 of the CPC of Ukraine, as participants in criminal proceedings. Two discussion questions are raised. The first is how the provisions of Part 1 of Art. 63 of the Constitution of Ukraine correlates with the rights and duties of participants in criminal proceedings. Having analyzed the content of item 8 of Art. 95 of the CPC, we state that the explanation can be obtained only with the consent of the person. Thus, the Constitution of Ukraine states that a person may refuse to give explanations in relation to himself, family members, close relatives, but nothing is written about the obligation to give explanations in other cases. Part 2 of Art. 66 of the CPC does not oblige a witness to give explanations and establishes responsibility (, Art. 67 of the CPC, Art. 385 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine for refusing to give testimony, but no explanations, paragraph 4 of Part 3 of Article 72-1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure obliges the representative of the probation authority to give explanations in court, paragraph 9 of Part 1of Article 56 of the CPC provides the victim with the right to give explanations. From July 1, 2020, problems in law enforcement may arise regarding the explanation given by witnesses in the event that they did not give consent to receive them. This will be relevant in the case of obtaining explanations from witnesses in the case who do not wish to give an explanation at all, and not only in cases where it concerns the witness’s person or persons close to him. In fact, they are not responsible for these actions before the law. The number of such persons may be considerable. Therefore, it is necessary to establish at the legislative level the responsibility for refusing to give a witness an explanation. But, it is quite clear that, before questioning such persons, they need to clarify the requirements of Art. 63 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The second, in which procedural form it is necessary to issue explanations. From 1 July 2020, practitioners must have effective means of fixing explanations, since, without the proper procedural form, information about the facts contained in the explanations cannot be recognized as credible evidence. The possibility of applying Articles 103, 104 of the CPC of Ukraine by analogy is established. Namely, that the results of a procedural action – a survey – should be recorded in the protocol of the corresponding action. We conclude on the need for additional procedural regulation of this issue. Keywords: evidence, sources of evidence, explanations of persons, fixation, a criminal offense.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
О. А. Антонюк
Keyword(s):  
Public Order ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Illegal Acts

The relevance of the article is that the forensic characteristics should be based on the study of materials of criminal cases and proceedings, as well as have a direct practical direction. That is, to solve specific tasks of the investigation: to provide opportunities for the development of versions, to build correlations between individual elements, to ensure better planning of the investigation, and so on. Otherwise, it will really be a "phantom", ie an ineffective tool of investigation. At the same time, scientists continue to investigate illegal acts in terms of constructing their forensic characteristics. The scientific article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the investigation of criminal offenses against public order. The peculiarities of forensic characteristics as an element of the methodology of investigation of a certain category of criminal offenses are considered. The author emphasizes that the forensic characteristics should be based on the study of materials of criminal cases and proceedings, as well as has a direct practical direction. That is, to solve specific tasks of the investigation: to provide opportunities for proposing versions, building correlations between individual elements, ensuring better planning of the investigation, and so on. Otherwise, it will really be a "phantom", ie an ineffective tool of investigation. At the same time, scientists continue to investigate illegal acts in terms of constructing their forensic characteristics. In our opinion, this is really important for the methodology of investigation of any criminal offense, so we will try to solve the problem of its construction in the studied category of actions: against public order. The notion of forensic characteristics is formulated as a set of data on forensically important features and properties of an illegal act, which is due to the natural connections between its individual elements and provides construction and verification of versions to solve specific problems of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of interaction of investigators with operative subdivisions of the National Police of Ukraine.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Inna Sichkovska
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
National Police ◽  
Do So

. The scientific article is devoted to the issues of peculiarities of interaction of investigators with operative subdivisions of the National Police of Ukraine. It is determined that it should be understood as the interaction of employees of inquiry units with operational units of the National Police of Ukraine. The classification, forms and principles of such interaction are specified. The interaction between the coroner and the operative unit during the pre-trial investigation in the form of an inquiry has limits set by the legislator: it can be carried out at any stage of the pre-trial investigation in the form of an inquiry, but must end with the closure of criminal proceedings. application of coercive measures of medical or educational nature, petition for release of a person from criminal liability. When investigating criminal offenses, investigators interact with employees of operational units of the National Police, security agencies, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the State Bureau of Investigation, bodies supervising compliance with tax and customs legislation, the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard services of Ukraine on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Laws of Ukraine «On the National Police», «On operational and investigative activities», etc. The investigator, exercising his powers in accordance with the requirements of the CPC of Ukraine, is independent in his procedural activities, interference in which persons who do not have the legal authority to do so is prohibited. The main task of interaction of inquiry units of the National Police of Ukraine with other structural subdivisions of the National Police is prevention of criminal offenses, their detection and investigation, bringing to justice the perpetrators, compensation for damage caused by criminal offenses, restoration of violated rights and interests of individuals.

scholarly journals Appropriate subject of obtaining evidence of a criminal offense in the opinion of the court

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
A.-M.Y. Anheleniuk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Operational Unit

The article considers the collection of evidence by the prosecution, because it is in this order that the evidence base of criminal proceedings is most often formed. Thus, the prosecutor, investigator (investigator) acting under Articles 36, 40, 401 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, as well as an employee of the operational unit pursuant to Article 41 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on behalf of the investigator or prosecutor have the right to collect evidence. The purpose of the article is to study the affiliation of the subjects of evidence collection as part of the procedural form of the criminal process of Ukraine, taking into account the analysis of court decisions, namely the assessment of the evidence base as a basis for deciding on the merits of criminal proceedings. Cases of involvement of an improper subject in the pre-trial investigation, which are common and typical, are systematized. There are two types of improper subjects within the investigative (search) or procedural actions, namely the subject: 1) is not appointed in the manner prescribed by law, although according to current legislation according to the list of its powers may be appropriate; 2) does not have the authority under the law to make a specific decision or to conduct investigative (search) or procedural actions. An analysis of court decisions according to which courts provide an assessment of the procedural activities of the subjects of evidence collection in criminal proceedings at the stage of pre-trial investigation, including their relevance and admissibility. Thus, attention is paid to the assessment of courts on the legality of the presence of persons during investigative (investigative) or procedural actions; the correctness of fixing such a presence. In addition, the situations of appointment of relevant subjects in criminal proceedings to fulfill their powers are considered. It is proposed to supplement the first part of Article 236 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine with a provision that clarifies the grounds for the stay and authority of the employee of the operational and investigative service during the search.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of qualification of criminal offenses against movement safety and transport operation: a review of judicial practice.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Vasyl Berezniak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Decisive Evidence ◽  
Act Assessment

The article reviews some court decisions, which highlight the key features of the assessment of criminal offenses against traffic safety and transport operation. Typical situations of committing criminal offenses of this type with the analysis of difficulties of qualification and further bringing a person to criminal responsibility are studied. In addition, attention is paid to the differentiation of legal liability, where the means of committing an offense or the subject is a vehicle, as well as highlighted key aspects related to the definition, type and nature of the act. Assessment of criminal offenses against traffic safety and transport operation under art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine should be based not only on the rules of substantive law, ie the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. Within the framework of criminal proceedings, the employee-practitioner is guided by the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which provides for the possibility of changing the assessment of a criminal offense, taking into account the available facts and circumstances. Regarding the existence of certain regulations governing the specifics of assessment and further pre-trial investigation into the commission of a criminal offense against traffic safety and transport operation, today the national justice system has formed judicial practice on this issue. However, it requires some generalization and identification of key points in the qualification of the investigated criminal offenses or further criminal proceedings. The decisive evidence in criminal proceedings concerning criminal offenses against traffic safety and transport operation is the experts’ conclusions from various types of examinations, which are appointed in these proceedings. In particular, auto-technical, auto-commodity, transport-trasological expert studies, which establish important circumstances for establishing the suspect’se guilt or innocence.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF INVESTIGATOR WITH EXPERT SUBDIVISIONS DURING THE INVESTIGATIVE EXPERIMENT IN THE INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF TRAFFIC SAFTY RULES OR TRANSPORT OPERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
А. О. Чичиркін
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Procedural Time ◽  
Safety Rules

During the investigation of criminal offenses related to violation of traffic safety rules and operation of vehicles, conducting an investigative experiment is one of the mandatory investigative (search) actions, which requires the investigator to concentrate mental and organizational skills and a significant amount of procedural time within the pre-trial investigation, which can be properly ensured through interaction with expert units. In this category of criminal proceedings, the investigative experiment is a source of information on the parameters and characteristics of the accident, which can not be obtained in other ways, and without which many important expert tasks can not be solved during forensic examinations. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the investigator's interaction with expert units during the investigative experiment in investigating violations of traffic safety rules or vehicle operation, by establishing areas of interaction between the investigator and experts during the investigative experiment in this category of cases; disclosure of types of investigative experiment and typical situations of interaction of the investigator with experts during its carrying out during investigation of the criminal offense provided by Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; determining the role of the expert as a specialist involved in the investigative experiment in the investigation of violations of traffic safety rules or transport operation; identification of shortcomings that arise from improperly organized interaction of the investigator with the expert during the investigative experiment, a proposal for measures to prevent them. The article highlights and reveals the content of the peculiarities of the investigator's interaction with expert units during the investigative experiment in the investigation of violations of traffic safety rules or vehicle operation. It was found that one of the main shortcomings in the design of the protocol is that the investigator during the investigative experiment constantly evaluates the conditions, progress and results of experiments. When drawing up the report, keep in mind that the evaluation of the results by the investigator and other participants in the investigative experiment is beyond the scope of the protocol. As a rule, the evaluation of the results is stated at the end of the protocol.

scholarly journals Forensic description as an element of the methodology of investigation of criminal offenses against morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Mykola Yefimov
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The scientific article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the investigation of criminal offenses against morality. Peculiarities of forensic characteristics as an element of the methodology of investigation of this category of criminal offenses are considered. The author emphasizes that any method of investigating certain types of criminal offenses has a certain structure, an important element of which is the forensic characteristics. The concept of forensic characteristics as an element of methodology, quantity, content and significance of structural elements of this scientific category remain vague and contradictory. Moreover, at the turn of the millennium, the question of the expediency of the existence of forensic characteristics as a scientific category in general became acute. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that the value of forensic characteristics can be divided into practical and theoretical. For police officers who are directly involved in the investigation, the most important thing is the practical application of a tool that will help in the investigation process. It is noted that the method of investigation of certain types of criminal offenses is a system of sci-entific provisions, as well as methodological and practical recommendations developed on their basis for the investigation of certain types and groups of criminally punishable acts. It is emphasized that the structure of the studied scientific category is as follows: forensic charac-teristics of criminal offenses; analysis of primary information and initiation of criminal proceedings; cir-cumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings; typical investigative situations; features of conducting initial investigative (search) actions, covert investigative (search) actions and other measures; features of further investigative (search) actions, covert investigative (search) actions and other measures; features of the use of special knowledge during the investigation of a criminal offense; preventive activities of the investigator in relation to the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of a criminal offense; features of the investigator's activity at the final stage of the investigation.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE PROCEDURAL ORDER OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST PEOPLE’S DEPUTIES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Dmytro Tychyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Procedural Guidance ◽  
General Exceptions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article provides a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical problems of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings against people’s deputies of Ukraine, given the regulations of current criminal procedure legislation and the theory of criminal procedure law of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the activities of the People’s Deputy of Ukraine, is based on the principles of traditional law and bears the imprint of the totalitarian past, so now it can not fully ensure the effectiveness of the institution of inviolability, leading to violations of human rights and freedoms. Criminal proceedings against a People’s Deputy of Ukraine may be carried out only under the condition of the procedural guidance of the Prosecutor General (acting Prosecutor General) or the Deputy Prosecutor General – the head of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office and can be initiated only when there is sufficient evidence to indicate signs of a criminal offense, and the adequacy of the data is assessed in each case according to the internal convictions of the investigator. The main condition for the notification of suspicion against people’s deputies is the availability of sufficient evidence. The procedural procedure for summoning an investigator, prosecutor, summons during a pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings against people’s deputies of Ukraine is a set of procedural actions to draw up a summons (another document), send and serve it in the manner prescribed by procedural law, confirm receipt of summons, meet deadlines notification of the person about the call, as well as the procedural consequences of non-appearance on the call. The procedural position of the suspect-People’s Deputy of Ukraine must be considered in accordance with the procedural conditions. The general legal basis for the application of measures to ensure criminal proceedings is the decision of the investigating judge on the basis of an agreed request for their application with the Prosecutor General (acting person of the Prosecutor General). Exceptions are certain measures to ensure criminal proceedings, which can be applied without the decision of the investigating judge. The directions of improvement of the procedural order of decision-making on the beginning of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses committed by the People’s Deputy of Ukraine on the basis of entering information into the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations, resolving issues of jurisdiction, notification of suspicion, application of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Organizational and tactical support for the interrogation of a suspect in the investigation of a group violation of public order

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Denys Usatkin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Specific Activities

The article deals with covering some aspects of the investigation of a group violation of public order. Organizational and tactical measures for interrogation of the suspect are considered for faster and more effective investigation. The author has noted that the group violation of public order is characterized by a large number of its participants. Therefore, the interrogation is a very typical investigative (search) action in its investigation. In addition, the effective conduct of interrogation makes it possible to further qualify the act in accordance with the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Because along with the specified structure of a criminal offense mass riots and group hooliganism are constantly committed. The author supports the position that the interrogation is a regulated by criminal procedure information and psychological process of communication of persons involved in it, aimed at obtaining information about the facts known to the interrogated that are important for establishing the truth in criminal proceedings. It has been determined that interrogation is the most common way to obtain evidence in the investigation of a group violation of public order. Of course, a necessary precondition for interrogation is preparation for it. It covers a number of specific activities: study of the materials of the proceedings; acquaintance with the data on the identity of the interrogated; if necessary - drawing up an interrogation plan. The greatest difficulty in investigating cases of this category is the organization of interrogations in the context of the need to gather information about the event, which was witnessed by a large number of people, many of whom could be participants. Based on the analysis of the survey of police investigators, the author has identified the main tactics of interrogation in the investigation of group violations of public order, in particular: establishing psychological contact with the interrogated (100%); teaching testimony in the form of a free story (88%); asking questions (92%); application of scientific and technical means (65%); presentation of evidence (49%); creating an idea of the investigator's awareness (47%).

CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF A RECONCILIATION AGREEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article is turned out to a scientific search for the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or accused" through the study of the essence of reconciliation and role in criminal proceedings thereof. The author notes that criminal procedural law (until 2012) had been proclaimed another approach to reconciliation between victim and suspect, not involved a dispute procedure as a conflict, the result of which can be reached by compromise and understanding through reconciliation. It is stated that one of the ways to resolve the legal conflict in committing a criminal offense was the opportunity to reach a compromise between the victim and the suspect (the accused) by concluding a reconciliation agreement between them, provided by the Code of Сriminal Procedure of Ukraine (2012). The main attention is placed on the shortcoming of the domestic criminal procedure law which is the lack of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or the accused", which can be eliminated only through examining the essence or legal nature of reconciliation in criminal proceedings. Taking into consideration the current legislation and modern views on the institution of reconciliation in criminal proceedings, the author's definition of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement" is proposed. Thus, “The conciliation agreement is an agreement in criminal proceedings concluded between the victim and the suspect or the accused person on their own initiative in relation to crimes of minor or medium gravity and in criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution, the subject of which is the compensation of harm caused by wrongdoing or committing other actions not related to compensation for the damage that the suspect or the accused is obliged to commit in favor of the victim, in exchange for an agreed punishment and sentencing thereof or sentencing thereof and relief from serving a sentence with probation, as well as the statutory consequences of conclusion and approval of the agreement".

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