DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L.A. Dziak ◽  
O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽  
K.V. Chekha ◽  
V.M. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

scholarly journals Delirium Associated with Salicylate and Acetaminophen Overdose in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Tyler Wen ◽  
Jason Chu ◽  
Danielle Allenspach ◽  
David Van
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Acetaminophen Overdose ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created numerous clinical challenges for physicians, in part due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and associated complications. Case Report: Here we present the case of a 69-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department with fever, dyspnea, and altered mental status. We believe the patient’s condition was precipitated by a COVID-19 infection-induced delirium, a setting in which he ingested aspirin and acetaminophen in overdose that required lifesaving interventions. Conclusion: This case illustrates the potential for neuropsychiatric effects in COVID-19 patients due to both direct viral central nervous system pathology and pandemic-related psychosocial stressors.

Localization of five somatostatin receptors in the rat central nervous system using subtype-specific antibodies

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schulz ◽  
Manuela Händel ◽  
Matthias Schreff ◽  
Harald Schmidt ◽  
Volker Höllt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Melioidosis- Report of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Biswabikash Mohanty ◽  
◽  
Amitav Rath ◽  
Sidharth Sankar Sahoo ◽  
Sudhir Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Bacteremic Patient

Melioidosis which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei occurs predominantly in Southeast Asia. Cases are now being reported from india as well. It can present with varying clinical manifestations like pneumonia, septicemia, arthritis, abscess etc. Neurologic meliodiosis, though rare can occur in upto 3-4% cases. Here we present two cases of melioidosis from Indian subcontinent, one involving central nervous system causing cerebral abscess and second one involving multiple splenic and liver abscess with bacteremia. First patient with cerebral abscess was managed with surgical debridement with antibiotics and discharged in a stable condition after 15 days while the bacteremic patient developed septic shock with mutiorgan failure and succumbed to death after 12 days of treatment

scholarly journals Postoperative agitation syndrome in young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
V.I. Snisar ◽  
O.S. Pavlysh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

One of the complications of the postoperative period in children is postanesthetic agitation, a significant emotional and uncontrollable worry, clouding of consciousness, feeling of anxiety and fear, inappropriate behavior, irritability, inconso­lable crying, aggressive and negative attitude towards parents and medical staff. Postoperative agitation is very important for clinicians and hospitals, it has a risk of harming a patient, staying longer in the ward after anesthesia, and increasing the period of postoperative recovery. The frequency of postoperative agitation depends on age group. Most often agitation occurs in young children. There is evidence that agitation can also be due to the immature nervous system and a consequence of pathological conditions of the central nervous system (asthenoneurotic syndrome, encephalopathy, hyperactivity syndrome, perinatal posthypoxic and organic brain lesions, history of prematurity, epilepsy, psychophysical and speech delay, etc.). That is why the goal of our research was to study the patterns of clinical manifestations of postoperative agitation syndrome in children with prenatal da­mage to the central nervous system. The work was performed based on the analysis of the postoperative period in 109 young children: 59 patients with acquired hydrocephalus, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and 50 children without neurological disorders in whom reconstructive surge­ries were carried out. Depending on the type anesthetic management, each group was divided into two subgroups: children, who received inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, and those, who received total intravenous anesthesia using propofol. In the postoperative period, the behavior of children was assessed on a Pediatric Ane­sthesia Emergence Delirium scale 30 minutes after anesthesia was completed. Criterion for the development of agitation was the presence of excitement in a child with a score of ≥ 10 points. Study showed that young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system and children whose anesthetic provision is carried out using sevoflurane are the most vulnerable to the development of agitation syndrome. Agitation in such children is more pronounced and longer. These cases require prediction, detection and active surveillance.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies Against Ubiquitous and Confined Antigens in Patients With Ocular, Neuro-Ophthalmic and Congenital Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Goldberg-Murow ◽  
Carlos Cedillo-Peláez ◽  
Luz Elena Concha-del-Río ◽  
Rashel Cheja-Kalb ◽  
María José Salgar-Henao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Toxoplasma gondii infection can trigger autoreactivity by different mechanisms. In the case of ocular toxoplasmosis, disruption of the blood-retinal barrier may cause exposure of confined retinal antigens such as recoverin. Besides, cross-reactivity can be induced by molecular mimicry of parasite antigens like HSP70, which shares 76% identity with the human ortholog. Autoreactivity can be a determining factor of clinical manifestations in the eye and in the central nervous system. We performed a prospective observational study to determine the presence of autoantibodies against recoverin and HSP70 by indirect ELISA in the serum of 65 patients with ocular, neuro-ophthalmic and congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis. We found systemic autoantibodies against recoverin and HSP70 in 33.8% and 15.6% of individuals, respectively. The presence of autoantibodies in cases of OT may be related to the severity of clinical manifestations, while in cases with CNS involvement they may have a protective role. Unexpectedly, anti-recoverin antibodies were found in patients with cerebral involvement, without ocular toxoplasmosis; therefore, we analyzed and proved cross-reactivity between recoverin and a brain antigen, hippocalcin, so the immunological phenomenon occurring in one immune-privileged organ (e.g. the central nervous system) could affect the environment of another (egg. the eye).

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