Testing if Habitat and Movements Determine the Threats and Trends for Common Birds in Europe

AbstractChickens are the most common birds on Earth and colibacillosis is among the most common diseases affecting them. This major threat to animal welfare and safe sustainable food production is difficult to combat because the etiological agent, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), emerges from ubiquitous commensal gut bacteria, with no single virulence gene present in all disease-causing isolates. Here, we address the underlying evolutionary mechanisms of extraintestinal spread and systemic infection in poultry. Combining population scale comparative genomics and pangenome-wide association studies, we compare E. coli from commensal carriage and systemic infections. We identify phylogroup-specific and species-wide genetic elements that are enriched in APEC, including pathogenicity-associated variation in 143 genes that have diverse functions, including genes involved in metabolism, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, heat shock response, antimicrobial resistance and toxicity. We find that horizontal gene transfer spreads pathogenicity elements, allowing divergent clones to cause infection. Finally, a Random Forest model prediction of disease status (carriage vs. disease) identifies pathogenic strains in the emergent ST-117 poultry-associated lineage with 73% accuracy, demonstrating the potential for early identification of emergent APEC in healthy flocks.

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A habitat quality indicator for common birds in Europe based on species distribution models

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 488-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sara Vallecillo ◽

Joachim Maes ◽

Chiara Polce ◽

Carlo Lavalle

Keyword(s):

Habitat Quality ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Quality Indicator ◽

Species Distribution Models ◽

Distribution Models ◽

Common Birds

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Bird-life : a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman ; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson.

10.5962/bhl.title.8002 ◽

1900 ◽

Author(s):

Frank M. Chapman ◽

Ernest Thompson Seton

Keyword(s):

Common Birds

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Study Of Impacts Of Oil Spill On The Sundarbans Mangrove Forest Of Bangladesh

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v41i1.46193 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 75-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah Harun Chowdhury ◽

Md Ali Akber

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Oil Content ◽

World Heritage Site ◽

Heritage Site ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Common Birds ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Monitor Lizards ◽

Total Study Area ◽

The Sundarbans

Studies were carried out on the recent oil spill in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh to findout the immediate impacts on the ecosystem of the Sundarbans after oil spilling. Morethan 500 km2 areas out of the total study area have been affected seriously by the oil spillcontamination on 9 December 2014. Recorded data of the physico-chemical conditions,oil content, productivity, diversity and abundance of phyto-zooplankton and benthos ofwater, and oil content in soil indicate that the water and soil of the Eastern part of theSundarbans were polluted by the oil contamination. Results also indicate that seedlings,mangrove algae, eggs and hatchlings of commercially valuable fishes, mudskippers, mudcrabs, snails, monitor lizards were affected due to oil spill. Regeneration of the Sundritrees; intertidal zone bird - ‘Masked finfoot’, common birds, fishing cat, otter, dolphins,crocodile would be affected due to the oil spill. Long term monitoring, in depth researchand proper implementation of all rules and regulations are necessary to save the fragileecosystem of the Sundarbans-the UNESCO declared world heritage site. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 75-94, June 2015

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Common Birds of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.3126/jaar.v1i2.16585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Parveen Kumar Jha

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

National Park ◽

Bird Species ◽

Point Of View ◽

Central Nepal ◽

South Central ◽

Tropical Vegetation ◽

Chitwan National Park ◽

Common Birds ◽

Very High

This research paper gives checklist of common birds of Chitwan National Park, which is a wild-life protected area in south-central Nepal. It covers tropical and sub-tropical vegetation. It is first protected area and includes 932 sq. km. Common birds observed are about 170 belonging to 48 Avian families during 2013-2014. Present investigator has very minutely observed birds in habitat conditions. Bird species were recognized by very high binocular. Birds were thoroughly studied from point of view of Taxonomy. Machans were also erected for observing birds.

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Pollination by Birds

Pollination and Floral Ecology ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0015 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Pat Willmer

Keyword(s):

Feeding Apparatus ◽

Bird Pollination ◽

Sensory Capacity ◽

Learning Capabilities ◽

Widespread Phenomenon ◽

Common Birds ◽

And Behavior ◽

Extreme Specialization

This chapter focuses on pollination by birds. Bird pollination, or ornithophily, is a widespread phenomenon. Many common birds visit flowers by biting through or piercing their corollas, notably tits and warblers. Birds primarily take nectar from flowers, although some may also eat pollen and occasionally take solid floral tissues. The chapter first provides an overview of the bird’s feeding apparatus, sensory capacity, and behavior and learning capabilities before discussing various types of flowers that are pollinated by birds such as hummingbirds and perching birds. The foraging behaviors of these birds are also considered, along with the ornithophilous syndrome. The chapter concludes with some observations on why extreme specialization is precluded in ornithophilous relationships.

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