Catch crop cultivation – A contribution to the EU Green Deal

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Christel Roß ◽  
Nicol Stockfisch
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Eu

The strategies for the future direction of agriculture in the EU and in Germany increasingly focus on climate and environmental protection. Catch crop cultivation may play a role in protecting soil, climate, water, and biodiversity. Data from a farm survey on sugar beet production in Germany between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated regarding the development of catch crop cultivation in connection with other production factors. The question was whether the cultivation of catch crops would support the intended environmental goals. It was investigated whether (1) fewer herbicides were used and (2) less nitrogen fertilizer was applied on fields with catch crops in comparison to fields without catch crops. The proportion of fields with catch crops before sugar beets has risen since greening was introduced as part of the EU’s common agricultural policy. Pesticide and nitrogen fertilizer applications were higher on fields with catch crops than on fields without. As these are results from a survey, it remains open why the use of herbicides and fertilizer in sugar beet cultivation is higher with than without catch crops. However, the results show that an increase in catch crop cultivation does not automatically have positive effects on the environment and climate. Sugar beet cultivation in practice should be further optimized in a targeted manner, so that greater benefits regarding environmental protection can be realized.

scholarly journals The Role of Agriculture in Climate Change Mitigation—A Polish Example

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3657
Author(s):  
Lucjan Pawłowski ◽  
Małgorzata Pawłowska ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Basic Product ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Change Mitigation

Biomass, a basic product of agriculture, is one of the main sinks of carbon in global cycle. Additionally, it can be used as a renewable source of energy, leading to depletion in CO2 emissions. The paper presents the results of estimations on the current and potential share of catch crop cultivation in climate change mitigation, in Poland, where the agricultural sector plays a significant economic role. The estimation of CO2 assimilation in biomass was performed on the basis of our own data on yields of commonly used catch crops, obtained in randomly selected 80 farms in Poland, and the content of carbon in the biomass. Calculation of energy potential of the biomass was conducted, assuming its conversion into biogas, on the basis of our own data on catch crop yields and the literature data on their biomethane potentials. The results have shown that catch crops in Poland, which are cultivated to an area of 1.177 mln ha sequestrate 6.85 mln t CO2 yr−1. However, considering the total area of fields used for spring crop cultivation, it is possible to increase the sequestration to 18.25 mln t CO2 yr−1, which constitutes about 6% of the annual emission of CO2 in Poland. Biomethane yields per hectare of particular crops ranged from 965 to 1762 m3 CH4 ha−1, and were significantly lower compared to maize, which is commonly in use in biogas plants. However, due to high biomethane potential and favorable chemical composition, catch crops can be a valuable co-substrate for the feedstocks with a high C:N ratio. The potential recovery of energy produced from aboveground biomass of catch crops harvested in Poland during the year is 6327 GWh of electricity and 7230 GWh of thermal energy. Thus, it is advisable to promote catch crops on a wide scale due to substantial environmental benefits of their cultivation.

Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Suzana Kristek ◽  
Andrija Kristek ◽  
Dragana Kocevski ◽  
Antonija K. Jankovi ◽  
Dražen Juriši
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

scholarly journals Effects of Manure History and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Sugar Beet Production in the Northwest US

cftm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
David D. Tarkalson ◽  
David L. Bjorneberg ◽  
Rick D. Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals Competition Law and State Aid for Failing Banks in the EU and its Specific Implications for CEE Member States

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Virág Blazsek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bank Bailouts ◽  
The Eu

The bank bailouts following the global financial crisis of 2008 have been subject to prior approval of the European Commission (EC), the competition authority of the European Union. The EC was reluctant to reject rescue efforts directed at failing banks and so it consistently approved all such requests submitted by Member States. Out of the top twenty European banks, the EC authorized State aid to at least twelve entities. In this context, the paper outlines the gradually changing interpretation of EU State aid rules, the “temporary and extraordinary rules” introduced starting from late 2008, and the extension of the “no-State aid” category. The above shifts show that the EC itself deflected from relevant EU laws in order to systemically rescue important banks in Europe and restore their financial stability. The paper argues that bank bailouts and bank rescue packages by the State have led to different effects on market structures and consumer welfare in the Eurozone and non-Eurozone areas, mostly the Eastern segments of the European Union. As such, it is argued that they are inconsistent with the European common market. Although the EC tried to minimize the distortion of competition created as a result of the aforementioned case law primarily through the application of the principle of exceptionality and different compensation measures, these efforts have been at least partially unsuccessful. Massive State aid packages, the preferential treatment of the largest, or systemically important, banks through EU State aid mechanisms – almost none of which are Central and Eastern European (CEE) – may have led to the distortion of competition on the common market. That is so mainly because of the prioritization of the stability of the financial sector and the Euro. The paper argues that State aid for failing banks may have had important positive effects in the short run, such as the promotion of the stability of the banking system and the Euro. In the longrun however, it has contributed to the unprecedented sovereign indebtedness in Europe, and contributed to an increased economic and political instability of the EU, particularly in its most vulnerable CEE segment.

‘Bounded Europeanisation’: the case of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bureiko ◽  
Teodor Lucian Moga
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Eu

Nadiia Bureiko and Teodor Lucian Moga’s chapter on Ukraine is the first of three chapters which consider the position of those states who are ‘in-betweeners’ - i.e. pulled between the EU and Russia. They depict a country which is divided over its future direction, attempting to pursue a multi-vector foreign policy out of necessity and which contains differences over its adherence to European identity. For the authors, the experience of being an ‘in-betweener’ is a key limitation on the effectiveness of EU-isation

Green Information System for a Sustainable Enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 624-642
Author(s):  
Laura-Diana Radu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Agile Model ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Model Life Cycle

The changes made in the environment as a consequence of massive industrialization led to a change in the vision of mankind on how organizations should interact with the ecosystem. In the same time information system has a key role in their activity. The increasing their use is accompanied by positive effects. This chapter presents the changes necessary for transformation traditional information systems in green information system. The organization's motivations to develop and implement strategies and regulations for environmental protection are varied. They can be the organization's internal drivers, such as reducing delivery costs, increasing efficiency, improving market reputation, and external, such as government legislation or policies, regulations, competition. Changes necessary to implement green information system are presented based on agile model life cycle and in accord with organizations objectives.

Green Information System for a Sustainable Enterprise

2017 ◽  
pp. 144-168
Author(s):  
Laura-Diana Radu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Agile Model ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Model Life Cycle

The changes made in the environment as a consequence of massive industrialization led to a change in the vision of mankind on how organizations should interact with the ecosystem. In the same time information system has a key role in their activity. The increasing their use is accompanied by positive effects. This chapter presents the changes necessary for transformation traditional information systems in green information system. The organization's motivations to develop and implement strategies and regulations for environmental protection are varied. They can be the organization's internal drivers, such as reducing delivery costs, increasing efficiency, improving market reputation, and external, such as government legislation or policies, regulations, competition. Changes necessary to implement green information system are presented based on agile model life cycle and in accord with organizations objectives.

Title XX Environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Garben
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Dense Set ◽  
The Eu

The environment does not respect man-made borders, and is of common concern and interest of all mankind. As such, it is an area that merits and requires cross-border law and policy making par excellence. This should be reflected in the strong role played by the EU, which has a firm Treaty mandate and duty to protect the environment, features a rich body of case law, and boasts a dense set of secondary legislation. The very good reasons for this notwithstanding, it remains a remarkable development considering the absence of any reference to the environment in the original Treaties. Although a programme for action in this area was soon adopted in 1973, only in the 1986 SEA was an environmental legal basis introduced. Much of the initial environmental acquis was therefore developed by the Commission, the Council, and later the EP on the basis of other Treaty provisions, such as (now) Articles 114, 115, and 352 TFEU. EU environmental protection also owes a debt to the ECJ, which included it in the legitimate objectives on the basis of which MS could derogate from the free movement provisions. The Court has interpreted the provisions of EU environmental law generally in a protective manner, and endorsed the use of criminal law for the effective enforcement of EU environmental legislation.

Realizing the EU Social Market Economy through Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Social Market ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Eu

This concluding chapter asserts that a case can be made for a strong legal pluralist theory of lawmaking in European private law. It takes a discursive approach, focusing on some aspects that require further consideration. The chapter considers how, and to what extent, the regulation of offline transactions is affected by the perceived shift towards legal pluralism. In addition, the chapter assesses which risks are posed to the instrumental-normative framework by political, economic, and social divides in the EU. Finally, the chapter closes with a reflection on the connections that could be made between certain fields such as citizens' rights as workers or in relation to environmental protection, opening up vistas for further research on lawmaking in European private law.

11. Private law and environmental protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Bell ◽  
Donald McGillivray ◽  
Ole W. Pedersen ◽  
Emma Lees ◽  
Elen Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the torts—or civil wrongs—traditionally relied on in environmental litigation: private and public nuisance, trespass, negligence, and the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher. It discusses and outlines statutory nuisance and various instances of statutory civil liability, some of which go beyond providing remedies for individuals and provide for wider environmental clean-up. Traditionally, private law has attempted to serve the function of controlling environmental damage. However, the chapter shows that the similarity is often superficial; the essential characteristic of private law is to regulate relationships between individuals by the balancing of individual interests. It concludes by briefly considering the EU Environmental Liability Directive, which has some similarities with private law remedies but is primarily an administrative mechanism for environmental remediation in defined situations.

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