scholarly journals Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Case Based Reasoning dalam Akurasi Penyakit Disebabkan oleh Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Aulia Rahman ◽  
S Sumijan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Case Based

Staphylococcus aureus is the most worrisome bacteria in the world of health because it is highly pathogenic and can cause serious infections in previously healthy individuals. Staphylococcus aureus has gram-positive cells, round (cocci) 0.7-0.9 µm in diameter, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultative anoerobes, in colony shaped like a grape string. This bacterial infection in humans varies in severity, from minor skin infections (furunculosis and impertigo), urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, to eye infections. This causes many patients to need an expert (doctor) to consult about the symptoms that a patient appears or experiences and the risk factors felt by the patient. So they conducted this research using the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method which consists of 4 steps, namely retrieve, reuse, retain and revise. By using the case-based reasoning method for a problem with the staphylococcus aureus bacterial disease, it is easier for a patient to find treatment and a solution. With an expert system using this method (case based reasoning), experts (doctors) can easily find out what diseases are suffered by staphylococcus. That way, patients with staphylococcus disease are prepared to deal with the disease they are suffering from.

scholarly journals Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Case Based Reasoning dalam Akurasi Penyakit Disebabkan oleh Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Surya Aulia Rahman ◽  
S Sumijan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Case Based

Staphylococcus aureus is the most worrisome bacteria in the world of health because it is highly pathogenic and can cause serious infections in previously healthy individuals. Staphylococcus aureus has gram-positive cells, round (cocci) 0.7-0.9 µm in diameter, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultative anoerobes, in colony shaped like a grape string. This bacterial infection in humans varies in severity, from minor skin infections (furunculosis and impertigo), urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, to eye infections. This causes many patients to need an expert (doctor) to consult about the symptoms that a patient appears or experiences and the risk factors felt by the patient. So they conducted this research using the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method which consists of 4 steps, namely retrieve, reuse, retain and revise. By using the case-based reasoning method for a problem with the staphylococcus aureus bacterial disease, it is easier for a patient to find treatment and a solution. With an expert system using this method (case based reasoning), experts (doctors) can easily find out what diseases are suffered by staphylococcus. That way, patients with staphylococcus disease are prepared to deal with the disease they are suffering from.

scholarly journals Microbial Gimics: Strategies of Successful Pathogenicity by Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Nwokediuko ◽  
Samuel Adeniyi Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Human Pathogen

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen associated with a variety of clinical diseases. It is the leading cause of wound infections, skin infections, respiratory infections as well as device-related infections. This review comprehensively covers the virulence determinants of the organism and the different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the organism. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus has become a serious threat because of its ability to evolve which has led to challenges in the treatment of infections caused by the organism.

scholarly journals Cephalosporin resistant bacterial strains isolated from respiratory infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Mihaela Botnarciuc ◽  
Irina Stan ◽  
Sorina Ispas
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study is the evaluation of the actual resistance to second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporins over bacterial strains isolated from respiratory infections. The main causes for cephalosporin resistance of pathogenic and conditioned pathogen bacteria are: widespread usage, and impair immune response. Materials and methods: The analyzed specimens were throat swabs and sputum, from adult patients. The tests were performed using disk diffusion technique. We tested the following cephalosporin: From second generation: cefuroxime axetil; from third generation: cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime; Combinations of cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitors: cefotaxime + clavulanic acid; ceftazidim + clavulanic acid; From fourth generation: cefepime; and association cefepime and clavulanic acid. Results: The following bacterial strains were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group C β-hemolytic Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus sp. The Group A. β-hemolytic Streptococcus isolated strains were not tested. For Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus, we found a high frequency resistance tocefuroxim, approximately 47%. Highest resistance to third generation cephalosporin was identified to E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially resistant to cefotaxime, cefotaxime + clavulanic acid and ceftazidime. Conclusions: Cefpodoxime can be considered as a first election antibiotic in treating upper and lower respiratory tract infections, due to the lowest level of bacterial strain resistance, approximately 10% of the third generation cephalosporines tested. Also, cefepime may be proper in treating severe respiratory tract infections, with resistant broad-spectrum antibiotics bacterial strains. In our trial, resistance to cefepime was to a minimum low, approximately 4%, represented by the E.coli strains.

scholarly journals Analysis of Geriatric Infections and a Guide to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 694-698
Author(s):  
Mayanka A ◽  
Vasanthan K ◽  
Vengadakrishnan K ◽  
Sudagar Singh R.B ◽  
Senthil N
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Multiorgan Dysfunction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND Elderly people have increased susceptibility to infection and are at significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to various common infections. Urinary tract and respiratory tract infections predominate in elderly people. Gram negative pathogens especially E. coli are commonly observed pathogens. In gram positive infections, staphylococcus is usually isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. METHODS Data was collected prospectively between the months of March 2015 and August 2016. Patient demographics and clinical data were recorded from oral questionnaires and hospital records. 219 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. All patients were subjected to basic investigations with blood and urine cultures at the time of admission. Other cultures like respiratory or pus cultures were collected as and when needed. Specific investigations such as ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CT KUB), CT thorax, echocardiography, neuroimaging and procalcitonin were done in certain patients when required. RESULTS Of the 219 patients included in this study, 127 (58 %) were males and 92 (42 %) were females. Mean age of the study population was 72.40. The most common source of bacteraemia was urinary in 33 % and was unknown in 25 %. The most common organism isolated in blood culture was Staphylococcus aureus followed by E. coli. Respiratory infections had unidentified pathogens in 81 % of patients. The most common organism isolated from respiratory secretions was klebsiella followed by acinetobacter and pseudomonas. 11 % of patients developed multi organ dysfunction syndrome of which urinary and respiratory systems were the most common primary sources of infection. CONCLUSIONS A significant incidence of unidentified source of infection was observed. Staphylococcus bacteraemia was a significant observation as E. coli is reported to be common. Urinary tract and respiratory infections were seen to be associated with increased incidence of multiorgan dysfunction. KEYWORDS Elderly, Febrile Illness, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Multiorgan Dysfunction

AB0242 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERIOUS INFECTIONS AND SERIOUS RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN AR PATIENTS INCLUDED IN A VACCINATION PROGRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1422
Author(s):  
L. Domínguez ◽  
P. Rodriguez Cundin ◽  
V. Calvo-Río ◽  
N. Vegas-Revenga ◽  
V. Portilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which patients have an increased risk of developement of serious infections. This risk may be augmented due to RA itself and to immunosuppressive drugs, specially biologic therapy. Vaccination programs may change this condition.Objectives:Our aim in this study was to evaluate the incidence of serious infections in a vaccinate RA patients cohort.Methods:Prospective study of 401 patients diagnosed with RA who were invited to participate in the vaccination program of the Preventive Medicine department of our hospital from October 2011 to October 2016. The follow up was made until June 2017 with a minimun follow-up period of 8 months and maximun of 5.5 years. Serious infections were defined as those that required hospitalization or at least one dose of intravenous antibiotic treatement at emergency room. Information was retrieved from dthe hospital records.Only 7 patients refused vaccination (2%). Information was not obtained in 4 of the remaining 394 patients. Therefore, these 4 patients were not incuded in the assessment.Survival análisis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:We finally studied 390 patients (307♀/83♂) mean age±SD 61,28 ± 12,9 years that participate in the vaccination program and followed-up. The main features at the time of vaccination were: median disease duration (4years), positive rheumatoid factor (56,7%), subcutaneous nodules (4.9%), erosive arthritis (36.9%), pulmonary fibrosis (3.8%), secondary Sjögren syndrome (5.1%), other extraartocular manifestations (14.6%) and rheumatoid vasculitis (5.6%) Most patients had received imunosuppressive drugs before the vaccination program. The most frequently used were systemic corticosteroids (n=228), methotrexate (n=362) and biologic agents (40.3%).During the follow-up, 42 patients (10.7%) had required hospital admissions due to infections, 17 of them were severe respiratory infections (4.35%). The remaining 25 admissions were in the setting of urinary tract infections (n=12), intraabdominal infections (7), skin and soft tissues (12) and articular (1). Also 12 of these patients had a zoster herpes.Afeter a median follow-up of 1061,89 ± 417 days, the incidence of serious infection, with a CI (95%), was 4.00 (2.95-5.41) for 100 patients yearly. Concerning to admissions due to serious respiratory infections, with a CI (95%), was 1.55 (0.9-2.47) for 100 patients yearly.Images 1 and 2.Image 1.Survival analysis on serious infectionsImage 1.Survival analysis on serious respiratory infectionsConclusion:In this stydy we can concluded that our RA vaccinated patients present a dicrease of the incidence of serious infeccions, similar to other published cohorts. The incidence of serious respiratory infections shows a dicrease even lower to other published cohorts. The vaccination program seems to be effective to prevent hospital admissions due to infections.Disclosure of Interests:Lucia Domínguez: None declared, Paz Rodriguez Cundin: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Río Grant/research support from: MSD and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Lilly, Celgene, Grünenthal, UCB Pharma, Nuria Vegas-Revenga Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Gebro Pharma, MSD, Novartis, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and Celgene, Virginia Portilla: None declared, Francisco Manuel Antolin-Juarez: None declared, Maria Henar Rebollo Rodriguez: None declared, Alfonso Corrales Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Natalia Palmou-Fontana: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD

scholarly journals PLASMA COAGULATING AND NON-COAGULATING STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. IN SKIN SAMPLES FROM DOGS AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Žaneta Maželienė ◽  
Asta Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Aušrinė Petrauskaitė ◽  
Ingrida Viliušienė ◽  
Daiva Šakienė
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Skin Samples

Staphylococci are human and animal mucosal surface and skin commensals that can cause a variety of infections, such as purulent skin infections, otitis externa, pyoderma, urinary tract infections, and postoperative infections. Dog skin is one of the protective barriers for animals. However, dogs can have and transmit a variety of microorganisms on their skin, including staphylococci. Most studies have compared plasma coagulating and non-coagulating Staphylococcus spp. by dog breeds, sex, and coat length. The aim – to identify plasma coagulating and non-coagulating Staphylococcus spp. in skin samples from dogs and its resistance to antibiotics by place of residence. Staphylococci were detected in more than half of the samples tested, one third of which were plasma coagulating and the remaining two thirds were non-coagulating plasma. Plasma non-coagulating staphylococci were mainly increased among dogs living at home and plasma coagulating – among dogs living outdoors, the difference between these groups is statistically significant. Staphylococcus aureus was predominantly resistant to penicillin and clindamycin, while plasma non-coagulants were resistant to fusidic acid.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosaincreases the sensitivity of biofilm-grownStaphylococcus aureusto membrane-targeting antiseptics and antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Orazi ◽  
Kathryn L. Ruoff ◽  
George A. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Membrane Targeting ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusoften cause chronic, recalcitrant infections in large part due to their ability to form biofilms. The biofilm mode of growth enables these organisms to withstand antibacterial insults that would effectively eliminate their planktonic counterparts. We found thatP. aeruginosasupernatant increased the sensitivity ofS. aureusbiofilms to multiple antimicrobial compounds, including fluoroquinolones and membrane-targeting antibacterial agents, including the antiseptic chloroxylenol. Treatment ofS. aureuswith the antiseptic chloroxylenol alone did not decrease biofilm cell viability; however, the combination of chloroxylenol andP. aeruginosasupernatant led to a 4-log reduction inS. aureusbiofilm viability compared to exposure to chloroxylenol alone. We found that theP. aeruginosa-produced small molecule 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO) is responsible for the observed heightened sensitivity ofS. aureusto chloroxylenol. Similarly, HQNO increased the susceptibility ofS. aureusbiofilms to other compounds, including both traditional and non-traditional antibiotics, which permeabilize bacterial membranes. Genetic and phenotypic studies support a model whereby HQNO causes an increase inS. aureusmembrane fluidity, thereby improving the efficacy of membrane-targeting antiseptics and antibiotics. Importantly, our data show thatP. aeruginosaexoproducts can enhance the ability of various antimicrobial agents to kill biofilm populations ofS. aureusthat are typically difficult to eradicate, providing a path for the discovery of new biofilm-targeting antimicrobial strategies.ImportanceThe thick mucus in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients predisposes them to frequent, polymicrobial respiratory infections.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusare frequently co-isolated from the airways of individuals with CF, as well as from diabetic foot ulcers and other wounds. Both organisms form biofilms, which are notoriously difficult to eradicate and promote chronic infection. In this study, we have shownP. aeruginosasecreted factors can increase the efficacy of compounds that alone have little or no bactericidal activity againstS. aureusbiofilms. In particular, we discovered thatP. aeruginosaexoproducts can potentiate the anti-staphylococcal activity of phenol-based antiseptics and other membrane-active drugs, including non-traditional antibiotics. Our findings illustrate that polymicrobial interactions can dramatically increase antibacterial efficacyin vitro, and may guide new approaches to target persistent infections, such as those commonly found in respiratory tract infections and in chronic wounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document