Effects of penetration enhancers on percutaneous permeability of piperine in Shuangwu fracture prescription in vitro

The research has conducted research on the effectiveness of isopropyl myristat as a penetration enhancer on the diffusion rate of whitening cream mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L) in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of isopropyl myristat. Mulberry leaf extract cream made with varying concentrations respectively 3%, 4%, 5% Isopropyl myristat as penetration enhancers made into 3 formulas (F1-F4) with the F1 without penetration enhancers. Evaluation of stability before and after accelerated storage includes observation of the organoleptic, emulsion type determination, measurement of pH, and viscosity. The evaluation results indicate four physically stable formula. In vitro diffusion studies conducted by Franz diffusion cells and footage is measured at a wavelength of 367.4 nm. The results of diffusion studies show that formula with the highest diffusion rate of 0.024 µg/minute on F4 (5% isopropyl myristat).

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Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug-delivery system of isosorbide dinitrate

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502015000200015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiaoping Zhan ◽

Zhenmin Mao ◽

Sijing Chen ◽

Shaoxiong Chen ◽

Liqun Wang

Keyword(s):

Delivery System ◽

Isosorbide Dinitrate ◽

Adhesive Layer ◽

Penetration Enhancers ◽

Release Time ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reservoir Type ◽

Release Ratio

The purpose of this study was to develop a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system for isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). The developed patch consisted of five layers from bottom to top, namely, a temporary liner, an adhesive layer, a rate-controlling membrane, a reservoir and a backing. The effects of chemical penetration enhancers, reservoir materials and rate-controlling membranes on the release behaviour of ISDN from the transdermal patch were studied, and the<italic> in vitro</italic> release of ISDN from the developed patch was studied and compared with the commercially available ISDN patch. The results showed that there was no significant difference in permeation rates between the developed reservoir-type patch and the commercially available ISDN patch (<italic>p</italic>> 0.05). Moreover, the cumulative release ratio of the commercially available ISDN patch in 48 h was up to 89.8%, whereas the developed patch was only 34.9%, which meant the sustained release time of the developed patch was much longer than the commercially available ISDN patch, and would promote the satisfaction of the patient.

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Exploitation of De Novo Helper-Lipids for Effective Gene Delivery.

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j31s3b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tomoaki Kurosaki ◽

Takashi Kitahara ◽

Mugen Teshima ◽

Koyo Nishida ◽

Junzo Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Delivery ◽

De Novo ◽

Transfection Efficiency ◽

The Other ◽

Penetration Enhancers ◽

Cell Toxicity ◽

In Vivo Transfection ◽

In Vitro Transfection

Purpose: In gene delivery, a fusogenic lipid such as dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) which is a component of cationic liposomal vector is important factor for effective transfection efficiency. We investigated the effect of penetration enhancers as alternative helper-lipids to DOPE. Methods: Transdermal penetraion enhancers such as N-lauroylsarcosine (LS), (R)-(+)-limonene (LM), vitamin E (VE), and phosphatidyl choline from eggs (EggPC) were used in this experiments as helper-lipids with N-[1-(2, 3-dioleyloxy) propyl]-N, N, N-trimethlylammonium chloride (DOTMA) and cholesterol (CHOL). We examined in vitro transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and in vivo transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA/cationic liposomes complexes. Results: In transfection experiments in vitro, the cationic lipoplexes containing LS had highest transfection efficiency among the other lipoplexes independently of FBS. Furthermore, the lipoplexes containing LS had lowest cell toxicity among the other lipoplexes in the presence of FBS. As the results of erythrocytes interaction experiment, DOTMA/LS/CHOL, DOTMA/VE/CHOL, and DOTMA/EggPC/CHOL lipoplexes showed extremely lower hematotoxicity. On the basis of these results, the in vivo transfection efficiencies of the lipoplexes were examined. The lipoplexes containing LS had the highest transfection activity among the other lipoplexes. Conclusion: In conclusion, several transdermal penetration enhancers are available for alternative helper-lipids to DOPE in cationic liposomal vectors. Among them, DOTMA/LS/CHOL lipoplexes showed superior characteristics in in vitro transfection efficiency, cell toxicity, hematotoxicity, and in vivo transfection efficiency.

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Effects of active sunscreen ingredient combinations on the topical penetration of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1191/0748233703th172oa ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Adam R Pont ◽

Anna R Charron ◽

Roselyn M Wilson ◽

Rhonda M Brand

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Penetration Enhancers ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Uv Absorbers ◽

Lag Times ◽

The Individual ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Sunscreen use can reduce the incidence of certain skin cancers. However, a number of commercially available formulations have been shown to enhance the transdermal penetration of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Most of the active ingredients used in these compounds can individually act as penetration enhancers. Commercial sunscreens frequently contain multiple active ingredients in order to provide broad sunscreen protection. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of these active ingredient combinations on the transdermal absorption of 2,4-D in vitro. All six of the combinations tested resulted in increased cumulative penetration ( P <0.01) and faster lag times ( P <0.05). The 2,4-D cumulative penetration in the presence of the OFF! Deepwoods combination was significantly greater than the absorption with either the individual ingredients or their average ( P <0.05). A systematic study designed to isolate the chemicals responsible for this enhancement demonstrated that with UV absorbers DEET synergistically increased the 2,4-D penetration and that DEET’s cumulative enhancement properties correlate with its concentration. By contrast, octocrylene significantly slowed the lag time when used in combinations and was the only active ingredient that showed any antagonistic effects on 2,4-D penetration. Because none of the active ingredient combinations were able to inhibit dermal uptake of 2,4-D, it seems that proper selection of inert ingredients may be the most feasible solution for reducing penetration enhancement.

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