UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MEKAI (Pycnarrhena cauliflora DIELS.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of ​​inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values ​​<0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.

EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI VIDEO UNTUK KELENGKAPAN PENJELASAN CARA PENGGUNAAN INHALER OLEH MAHASISWA APOTEKER

Apoteker merupakan salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang berperan dalam memberikan informasi terkait penjelasan cara penggunaan sediaan inhaler kepada pasien asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian edukasi video cara penggunaan beberapa jenis inhaler (MDI, MDI dengan spacer, Diskus®, dan Tubuhaler® yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa apoteker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-post design (eksperimental). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode non random sampling yang menggunakan teknik purposive. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan. Dari hasil data yang diperoleh, masing-masing penilaian secara verbal (yang dijelaskan oleh subjek) dan penilaian secara motorik (yang diperagakan oleh subjek) dilihat dari pre- dan post-intervensi. Membandingkan kelengkapan penjelasan baik secara verbal dan motorik, menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan dengan sebelum diedukasi, dengan nilai P untuk MDI (P(0,000)≤0,05), MDI dengan spacer (P(0,000)≤0,05). Diskus® (P(0,000)≤0,05), dan Turbuhaler® (P(0,000)≤0,05). Oleh karena itu edukasi video terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa apoteker untuk menjelaskan cara penggunaan inhaler. Kata kunci: teknik inhaler, asma, mahasiswa apoteker, video edukasi

PENGARUH PROSES MASERASI DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI PELARUT ETANOL TERHADAP KANDUNGAN SENYAWA EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DAN DAUN UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) are commonly used empirically as traditional medicines, including for malaria, malnutrition, fever and hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in the concentration of ethanol solvents on the chromatogram profile and compound content. The research method began with maceration using 50%, 70%, and 96% ethanol, then thin layer chromatography test, and determination of total phenol and flavonoid levels with Elisa at λ of 750 nm and 415 nm, where the comparator used were gallic acid and quercetin . The results of total phenol levels obtained in papaya leaf extract were 3,493 mg GAE/gram and in sweet potato leaves the results were 4,786 mgGAE/mg. While the total flavonoid yield obtained from papaya leaf extract was obtained as much as 4,630 mg QE/gram and on sweetpotato which was 4,269 mgQE/mg. Characterisation of extract compound content was carried ouy by using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), where comparison of extracts used in extract combination samples are 50:50, 75:25, and 25:75. The results showed that ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. Characterization by using GC-MS for single extract and combination extract of papaya leaves and purple sweet potato leaves obtained the main active compounds are Phytol, Neoheptadine, and n-Hexadecanoic acid.

UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN BENALU BATU (BEGONIA SP) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DALAM DARAH DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PANKREAS TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

This study aims to determine the potential for glucose levels in the blood of ethanol extracts of the begonias (Begonia Sp.), the effect of the extract on the pancreatic histopathology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which was induced by streptozotocin, and the effective dose begonias’ extract leaves on the histopathological descriptions of pancreatic male white rats. This study was an experimental laboratory where the research group consisted of group I (the control group) as a normal control was given a standard feed, group II (negative control) was given a 0.5% Na CMC suspension, group III (positive control) was orally given glibenclamide and experimental groups IV, V, and VI (doses 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). Were given ethanol extract of begonias leaves. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the begonias (Begonia Sp.) contained secondary metabolite compounds, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. Ethanol extract of begonias leaves at adose of 50 mg/kg BW was an affective dose in reducing blood glucoselevels by an avarage of 101,8 mg/dL) and a dose of 50 mg/kg BW can affect the histopathological picture of the pancreas in STZ induuced rats with an average damage value of 2 from a maximum of 4.

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl.,) TERHADAP Klebsiella pneumonia.

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl) is a medical plant of the Thymelaeaceae family originating from Indonesia, precisely from Papua. Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl the deity has been known in various treatments such as diabetes, cancer, liver, dysentery, allergic diabetes, eczema, or gout and others (Ratna & Wiwi, 2014). The purpose of this study is to find out whether extract ethanolic 96% of Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl can inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae, and to know what concentration of extract ethanolic 96% of Phaleria macrocarpa goodnes to inhibit K. pneumoniae. The method used is the Kirby Bauer Method. With the average inhibition zone concentrations is 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% respectively 17.41mm, 15.37mm, 12.60mm, 11.10mm, 6.43mm.

PENGUJIAN EFEKTIFITAS FORMULA GEL EKSTRAK DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI GELLING AGENT SEBAGAI KANDIDAT SEDIAAN ANTI JERAWAT

Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) is a plant that is often used in traditional medicine because of the presence of several substances that have activity as antimicrobial compounds. Beluntas leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and saponins which can function as antibacterial. This experimental research aimed at obtaining beluntas leaf extract gel and to determine the physical stability and the effectiveness of beluntas extract gel against Propionibacterium acnes. The first step is drying the beluntas leaves and and extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then formulated into a gel and evaluated, the evaluation results show that formula 1 is the most stable. The results showed that beluntas leaf extract gel was effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the inhibition zone obtained was categorized as strong, where the average diameter before the accelerated stability test was 12.02 mm and 11.58 mm after the accelerated stability test.

GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ULKUS DIABETIKUM DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN PERIODE JULI – DESEMBER 2018

Diabetic ulcers are a disease that is experienced by many people with diabetes mellitus, open wounds on the skin surface of the diabetic ulcer have the potential to develop into infection, to deal with the problem of infection needed the right treatment, one of them is by using antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of diabetic ulcer patients In Installation Of Outpatient in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Period July-December 2018. This study is a non-experimental study with a descriptive type of study through a retrospective search for outpatient prescription for diabetic ulcers. This research was conducted in April-May 2019 in Installation Of Outpatient in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Sampling is done by saturation sampling method, the population in this study were 254 prescrptions. While the sample in this study were 228 prescrptions that met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The data obtained is copied to the observation sheet, after the data collected is then entered into a computer and a calculation is carried out to find out the percentage of each factor studied and finally the data will be presented in table form. The results obtained from the study of 228 prescriptions of diabetic ulcer patients obtained the use of single antibiotics as much as 182 (79.82%) and combination antibiotics by 46 (20.18%). The single most prescribed group of antibiotics is the Makrolide group of 49.56%, the Makrolide group which is often prescribed namely Clindamycin 300 mg as much as 39.91%.While the most prescribed combination of 2 antibiotics is Clindamycin 300 mg + Metronidazole 500 mg 14.47%.

AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH KIWI HIJAU (Actinidia deliciosa)

Disease in the liver caused by hypercholesterolemia is fatty liver. Fatty liver is one of the damages to the liver, a condition in which the liver experiences fat accumulation. Green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a plant that contains a lot of flavonoid compounds can be used as cholesterol-lowering. Flavonoids are able to release cholesterol found in the walls of blood vessels and organs in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of anticholesterol activity and EC50 values in ethanol extracts of green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) with a concentration series of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; 12.5 ppm. Ethanol extract of green kiwifruit was tested for active substance content and quantitative analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 668 nm and operating time of 15 minutes. The results showed ethanol extract of green kiwifruit contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins, vitamin C which can reduce cholesterol levels with an average EC50 value of 7.3 ppm with a coefficient of variation value of 1.12%. Keywords : Cholesterol, Lieberman-burchard, Extract, Green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI VIDEO UNTUK KELENGKAPAN PENJELASAN CARA PENGGUNAAN INHALER OLEH MAHASISWA APOTEKER

Apoteker merupakan salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang berperan dalam memberikan informasi terkait penjelasan cara penggunaan sediaan inhaler kepada pasien asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian edukasi video cara penggunaan beberapa jenis inhaler (MDI, MDI dengan spacer, Diskus®, dan Tubuhaler® yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa apoteker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-post design (eksperimental). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode non random sampling yang menggunakan teknik purposive. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan. Dari hasil data yang diperoleh, masing-masing penilaian secara verbal (yang dijelaskan oleh subjek) dan penilaian secara motorik (yang diperagakan oleh subjek) dilihat dari pre- dan post-intervensi. Membandingkan kelengkapan penjelasan baik secara verbal dan motorik, menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan dengan sebelum diedukasi, dengan nilai P untuk MDI (P(0,000)≤0,05), MDI dengan spacer (P(0,000)≤0,05). Diskus® (P(0,000)≤0,05), dan Turbuhaler® (P(0,000)≤0,05). Oleh karena itu edukasi video terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa apoteker untuk menjelaskan cara penggunaan inhaler. Kata kunci: teknik inhaler, asma, mahasiswa apoteker, video edukasi

UJI STABILITAS DAN IRITASI FORMULA KRIM ANTI NYERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera)

Moringa oleifera leaf contains quercetin act as an analgesic by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase. These enzymes interfere synthesis of prostaglandins by arachidonic acid and lead to reduce pain. This study aimed to obtain a physically stable M/A cream formula from the lyophilized ethanol extract of Moringa leaf and to determine the irritation effect. The cream prepared with variations of cetyl alcohol concentration F1 (2%), F2 (4%,) and F3 (6%). The cream stability was determined with organoleptic, homogeneity, type of emulsion, pH, viscosity, and spreadability parameters after accelerated condition. The Irritancy test was determined to the Albino Oryctolagus cuniculus. The results showed that F1 has the best stability than F2 and F3 and showed irritation index 0,5 classified as moderate irritation.