Transdermal Nutraceuticals Delivery System for CNS Disease

Herbal medicines are being used by humans since the oldest civilizations and have been an integral part of traditional and alternative medicines. In recent times, pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists are taking interest in developing nutraceutical-based medicines to overcome the side effects and adverse drug reactions caused by allopathic medicines. Nutraceuticals have started occupying the global market. Nutraceuticals have gained widespread acceptance due to their efficacy in treating difficult to treat diseases, low toxicity, low cost, easy accessibility, etc. Safety and efficacy are other important factors in the commercialization process of nutraceuticals. Different novel advanced drug delivery systems have been constantly studied to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of medicines obtained from herbal sources. The transdermal drug delivery system provides a potent alternative to the conventional method of using nutraceuticals. The development of transdermal system-based nutraceuticals could provide the advantage of enhanced bioavailability, improved solubility, bypass the first-pass metabolism, and targeted delivery of drugs in brain-related disorders. It additionally provides the advantage of being non-invasive. This article reviews the potential effects of various nutraceuticals, in brain-related disorders as well as trends in transdermal nano-systems to deliver such nutraceuticals. We would also focus on advantages, application as well as recent United States-based patents which emphasized emerging interest towards transdermal nutraceuticals in brain disorders.

Review on Transdermal drug delivery system

Transdermal drug delivery system offers best way of drug delivery through skin than compared to oral route of administration by overcoming side-effects.Drug delivery is done through adhesion of transdermal patches to skin surface.Novel application techniques have been employed for better therapeutic response for various drug in treatment of several disease using dermal route of administration.This is best non-invasive method of drug delivery by reducing frequency of administration to achieve complete action of action of drug with maximum benefits to patients .These patches are formulated using various permeation enhancers that are compatible to skins surface .The dermal route of delivery is best suited for therapy to patient for certain diseases.

A Review on Chemical Permeation Enhancers used in the Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Skin penetration enhancement technology is a rapidly evolving area that will greatly increase the quantity of transdermal drug delivery medications. Penetration enhancers are used to facilitate the movement of drugs through the skin barrier. Numerous methods exist for extending partition enhancement. The enhancers' contact with the polar head of the lipid groups is the potential means for increasing the penetration. Penetration enhancers improve the amount of free water molecules between the bilayer, leading to an improvement of the polar drug diffusion cross section. This article focuses on the different compounds assessed for improving penetration activity like sulphoxides, azones, pyrrolidones, alcohols and alkanols, glycols, surfactants and terpenes.

A REVIEW ON TRANSDERMAL PATCHES USED AS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT

The transdermal drug delivery system is widely accepted due to its numerous advantages as it is a non-invasive drug administration process with prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects, improved bioavailability, better patient compliance, and easy termination of drug therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Diclofenac sodium, Lornoxicam, Aceclofenac, Ibuprofen, antihypertensive drugs, for example, Repaglinide, Atenolol, and Antiviral agents such as Stavudine, zidovudine represents the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain and inflammatory reaction but various side effects can limit their use. Therefore, transdermal delivery of these drugs has advantages of avoiding hepatic first-pass effect, gastric irritation and delivering the drug for an extended period of time at a sustained level. The present article mainly focuses on the work been done on these drugs by formulated and delivered as transdermal patches to decrease the side effects related to the oral delivery.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MASLINIC ACID LOADED TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

Objective: To develop and evaluate Transdermal patch of Maslinic acid for Transdermal drug delivery. The current study is to develop Transdermal drug delivery system. Methods: Suitable method such as Solvent Casting Technique of Film Casting Technique are used for preparation of Transdermal patch. Results: The prepared Transdermal patches were transparent, smooth, uniform and flexible. The method adopted for the preparation of the system was found satisfactory. Conclusion: Various formulations were developed by using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers like HPMC E5 and EC respectively in single and combinations by solvent evaporation technique with the incorporation of penetration enhancer such as dimethylsulfoxide and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer In vitro studies concluded that HPMC E5 patches has better release than that of EC patches, which may be attributed to high water vapour permeability of HPMC patches and hydrophobic nature of EC. An attempt was made to incorporate HPMC E5 and EC to the monolithic system for better release and prolong the duration of release. Formulation F7 containing an equal ratio of HPMC E5: EC (5:5) showed maximum and sustained release of 86.816±0.264 within 24 h. Kinetic models were used to confirm the release mechanism of the formulations. Maslinic acid release from the patches F1 to F7 followed non Fickian diffusion rate controlled mechanism.

Niosomes: A Promising Drug Delivery System in Transdermal Drug Delivery (TDDS)

Infectious disease treatment and immunisation have undergone a transformative change in recent years. With the advancement of biotechnology and genetic engineering, a large number of disease-specific biological have been created, as well as a focus on delivering these biological effectively. Niosomes are vesicular Nano carriers that are gaining popularity as a potential transdermal drug delivery system due to properties like enhanced drug penetration, a local depot for sustained drug release, and a rate-limiting membrane for modulating systemic absorption of drugs through the skin. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable, and less expensive than liposomes. This analysis gives a high-level overview of niosomes, including their chemical composition, structure, benefits, and applications, as well as some general observations on niosomes as percutaneous permeation enhancers.

Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.