scholarly journals Introducing Decision Free Solutions - A Generic, Systemic Approach to Minimize Risk by Avoiding Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Jorn Verweij
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
Information Measurement ◽  
The Core ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
Consistent Application

“Decision Free Solutions” (DFS) is a generic, systemic approach to minimize risk in achieving an aim by avoiding decision making. Applying DFS will benefit those who have an aim, and those who have expertise. DFS is based on Information Measurement Theory (IMT) and the Kashiwagi Solution Model (KSM), and is congruous with the Best Value Approach (BVA). Despite BVA being an approach aimed at utilizing expertise (and thereby minimizing risk), and not a procurement system, BVA and its applications are very much intertwined with procurement. This makes it challenging to apply BVA to other fields. Establish a generic, systemic approach to implement the technologies of IMT/KSM in any field. Analyzing existing BVA and IMT/KSM documentation, identify the logic and the principles by which expertise is utilized. Define a generic, systemic approach to minimize risk and demonstrate it by applying it to a field other than procurement. Avoiding all types of decision making was identified as the core principle to ensure the utilization of expertise. An approach consisting out of four steps (labelled DICE) and the consistent application of five principles (labelled TONNNO) has been proposed. The approach has been applied to the field of Lean. A generic and systemic approach to minimize risk by avoiding decision making has been introduced which can be applied in any field. It has been applied in Lean, where it addresses several of Lean’s weaknesses as perceived in practice and where it was demonstrated to reduce the risk of project failure. DFS can be considered a risk minimization method to which risk management is integral. DFS makes expertise matter.

scholarly journals Best Value Procurement/Performance Information Procurement System Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
System Development ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Information Measurement ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
And Control

Best Value Procurement/Performance Information Procurement System (BVP/PIPS) has been developed by Dean Kashiwagi and the Performance Based Studies Research Group (PBSRG) from 1991 - 2010. BVP/PIPS is a licensed technology from Arizona State University that includes a deductive logic called Information Measurement Theory (IMT), an industry structure model which shapes the PIPS functions, and a process and structure that transfers risk and control to expert vendors. The BVP/PIPS has gone through numerous stages: the performance information centered PIPS (1994-2001); the PIPS testing phase (2001-2005); and the implementation stage (2005-2009); and the theoretical refinement and standardization of BVP/PIPS technology (2010). BVP/PIPS was introduced into the Netherlands in 2005 by a large general contractor Heijmans, the Rijkeswaterstaat, and aggressively proliferated by Scenter and others. BVP/PIPS usage in the Netherlands is modified to fit within the European procurement law. However, the main advantage of PIPS is the IMT based philosophy of minimized management, direction, and control of expert vendors.

scholarly journals Introduction of the Best Value Approach in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Syed Nihas ◽  
Jacob Kashiwagi ◽  
Dean Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Information Measurement ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Procurement System

In September of 2013 the Performance Based Studies Research Group (PBSRG) made its first entry into India to introduce the Best Value approach. The purpose of the entry was to identify if the Best Value (BV) approach and technology could optimize the performance of the Indian Construction industry. This paper documents the results of the exploratory effort. In 2014, industry visionaries in coordination with the SJCE university group, will commence testing of the implementation of the licensed Best Value technology in India. The technology includes the Information Measurement Theory (IMT), the Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS) and the Construction Industry Structure (CIS).

scholarly journals A Procurement Method that Considers Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jorn Verwey ◽  
Wim De Vries ◽  
Isaac Kashiwagi ◽  
Dean Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Information Measurement ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
Procurement Method

A challenge facing buyers in the delivery of innovative construction and facility services is to utilize expertise without increasing project risk. The traditional price-based Design-Bid-Build approach minimizes the utilization of expertise of expert construction vendors by using an owner driven specification. The non-traditional approaches such as design-build, construction management @ risk (CM@Risk), and integrated project delivery are more flexible but still have no methodology to minimize the risk caused by innovative practices. The Best Value Approach utilizing the Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS) and the Information Measurement Theory (IMT) has been tested for over 20 years with high customer satisfaction and performance. However, the use of past performance information still gave the perception of high risk when considering innovative concepts that have never been previously utilized. This research uses a case study of a hospital owner competing the risk of innovative systems with existing, proven systems. The research group had the opportunity to interject the Best Value Approach into the case study delivering the innovative service/equipment requirement, allowing them to see how the approach and created Best Value environment reacted to the expertise that uses innovation. The case study involves the delivery of cutting edge cancer technology, the proton cancer treatment equipment/system. Even though the delivered service is not standard construction, the delivery approach can be easily used in construction.

scholarly journals The Research Model that Revolutionized the Dutch Construction Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Dean Kashiwagi ◽  
Jacob Kashiwagi ◽  
Abraham Kashiwagi ◽  
Kenneth Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Information Measurement ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Use Of Expertise

The Dutch construction industry is making a change from an owner controlled to a contractor-controlled environment. It is a movement from a top down culture (management, direction and control) to a bottom up culture (alignment and use of expertise). Owner decision making, management, direction and control are being replaced with a leadership model, which aligns and utilizes the expertise of the contractors. The changes in the Dutch construction industry validate a non-traditional research model, which used deductive logic and case studies involving dominant information and visionary industry participants, non-traditional concepts of Information Measurement Theory (IMT), the Construction Industry Structure (CIS) model and the best value Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS).

Knowledge acquisition and decision making based on Bayes risk minimization method

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 804-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Suo ◽  
Zhiping Zhang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Ruoming An ◽  
Shunli Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Bayes Risk ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Minimization Method

Emotional Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Markwica
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
Coercive Diplomacy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

In coercive diplomacy, states threaten military action to persuade opponents to change their behavior. The goal is to achieve a target’s compliance without incurring the cost in blood and treasure of military intervention. Coercers typically employ this strategy toward weaker actors, but targets often refuse to submit and the parties enter into war. To explain these puzzling failures of coercive diplomacy, existing accounts generally refer to coercers’ perceived lack of resolve or targets’ social norms and identities. What these approaches either neglect or do not examine systematically is the role that emotions play in these encounters. The present book contends that target leaders’ affective experience can shape their decision-making in significant ways. Drawing on research in psychology and sociology, the study introduces an additional, emotion-based action model besides the traditional logics of consequences and appropriateness. This logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, posits that target leaders’ choice behavior is influenced by the dynamic interplay between their norms, identities, and five key emotions, namely fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation. The core of the action model consists of a series of propositions that specify the emotional conditions under which target leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer’s demands. The book applies the logic of affect to Nikita Khrushchev’s decision-making during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 and Saddam Hussein’s choice behavior in the Gulf conflict in 1990–91, offering a novel explanation for why coercive diplomacy succeeded in one case but not in the other.

From Prime Ministerial Power to Core Executive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. W. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
The Core ◽  
Executive Politics ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Parts

The core executive is a new concept replacing the conventional debate about the power of the prime minister and the Cabinet. It refers to all those organizations and procedures that coordinate central government policies, and act as final arbiters of conflict between different parts of the government machine. In brief, the ‘core executive’ is the heart of the machine. The chapter reviews the several approaches to studying the British executive: prime ministerial government; prime ministerial cliques; Cabinet government; ministerial government; segmented decision-making; and bureaucratic coordination. It then discusses several ways forward by developing new theory and methods. The Afterword discusses the core executive as interlocking networks, and the fluctuating patterns of executive politics.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Affecting the Emergency Specialists’ Decision-Making in Case of Emergencies in Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Ebrahimian ◽  
Seyed-Hossein Hashemi-Amrei ◽  
Mohammadreza Monesan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Decision

Introduction. Appropriate decision-making is essential in emergency situations; however, little information is available on how emergency decision-makers decide on the emergency status of the patients shifted to the emergency department of the hospital. This study aimed at explaining the factors that influence the emergency specialists’ decision-making in case of emergency conditions in patients. Methods. This study was carried out with a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants were selected based on purposive sampling by the emergency specialists. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results. The core theme of the study was “efforts to perceive the acute health threats of the patient.” This theme was derived from the main classes, including “the identification of the acute threats based on the patient’s condition” and “the identification of the acute threats based on peripheral conditions.” Conclusions. The conditions governing the decision-making process about patients in the emergency department differ from the conditions in other health-care departments at hospitals. Emergency specialists may have several approaches to decide about the patients’ emergency conditions. Therefore, notably, the emergency specialists’ working conditions and the others’ expectations from these specialists should be considered.

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