High anti-corruption court in the context of international standards of judicial procedure and administration of justice

The article is devoted to the study of modern international standards in the field of judicial proceedings and the status of judges, which contain provisions on the introduction of special anti-corruption judicial bodies, the formation of the judicial corps and the administration of justice by these courts. The methodological basis of research is a set of general scientific and special methods, in particular, dialectical, formal-logical, comparative-legal and other methods. As a result of the study, the description of modern international standards in the field of judicial proceedings and the status of judges, which contain provisions for the introduction of special anti-corruption judicial bodies, the formation of the judicial corps and the administration of justice by these courts, is provided. It is noted that the rapid implementation of international standards in the national legislation and consistent application in law enforcement practice will help to restore the citizens' confidence in the judicial system, strengthen the authority of the judiciary, establish high criteria of competence, professional ethics and integrity, and effectively implement a specialized anti-corruption court in Ukraine.

Video analysis of potential concussions in elite male Hurling: are players being assessed according to league guidelines?

Background Hurling is a fast-paced contact sport that places players at risk of concussion. Given the consequences of repeated concussive impacts, it is imperative that concussion management guidelines are followed. Hypothesis/Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine if potential concussive events (PCEs) in elite Hurling are assessed in accordance with league management guidelines. The secondary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of current concussion training programs. Methods Investigators used a video analysis approach to identify PCEs throughout the 2018 and 2019 inter-county Hurling seasons and championships. Subsequent assessment, return to play (RTP) decision, and signs of concussion were evaluated based on previously validated methods. The results were then compared year-over-year with previous research in Gaelic Football (GF). Results A total of 183 PCEs were identified over 82 matches. PCEs were frequently assessed (86.3%, n = 158) by medical personnel. The majority of assessments were less than 1 min in duration (81.0%, n = 128). Thirteen (7.1%) players were removed following a PCE. There were 43 (23.5%) PCEs that resulted in one or more signs of concussion, of which 10 (23.3%) were removed from play. There was no difference in rate of assessment, duration of assessment, or rate of RTP between 2018 and 2019 in both Hurling and GF, suggesting that current concussion training programs have had limited success. Conclusion In Hurling, players suspected of having sustained a concussion are frequently subject to a brief assessment, and are rarely removed from play. Affirmative action is needed to ensure the consistent application of standardized concussion assessment across the Gaelic Games.

Connotative proper names of the Post-Soviet period: methodology of communicative description

Статья посвящена коннотативным именам собственным (коннотонимам), которые в постсоветский период (с начала 1990-х до наших дней) изменили или приобрели эмоционально-оценочные значения. Охарактеризована комплексная авторская методика коммуникативного описания данных имен, включающая последовательное применение нескольких методов: 1) контекстуального анализа - для определения разовых коннотативных значений в отдельных контекстах и последующее обобщение нескольких похожих значений, зафиксированных во многих контекстах с однотипным языковым окружением; 2) компонентного анализа - для выявления по каждому имени набора семантических признаков, характерных для его функционирования в последние тридцать лет; 3) стилистического анализа - для характеристики функциональной маркированности коннотонимов и возможностей их использования в качестве образного средства; 4) лингвистического сопоставления - для установления семантической динамики коннотативных имен на разных этапах их существования в рамках рассматриваемого периода. По результатам коммуникативного описания можно сделать вывод о том, что, приобретая свойства коннотонима, имена собственные проходят определенные стадии семантического развития от обозначения единичного объекта до полноценного понятия. The article is devoted to the connotative proper names (connotonyms), which changed or acquired emotional and evaluative meanings in the post-Soviet period (from the early 1990s to the present day). The author's complex methodology of communicative description of these names, which includes consistent application of several methods, is characterized. These methods are: 1) contextual analysis - to determine single connotative meanings in individual contexts and subsequent generalization of several similar meanings recorded in many contexts with the same linguistic environment; 2) component analysis - to identify for each name a set of semantic features characteristic of its functioning in the last thirty years; 3) stylistic analysis - to characterize the functional marking of connotative names and the possibilities of their use as a figurative means; 4) linguistic comparison - to establish the semantic dynamics of connotative names at different stages of their existence within the period under consideration. Based on the results of communicative description we can conclude that the proper names, acquiring the properties of connotative, pass through certain stages of semantic development - from the designation of a single object to a full-fledged concept.

The Importance of the Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union for the Consistent Application of the Service Directive

In this paper, we explore the implementation of the Directive on services in the internal market in the Member States of the European Union, with the focus on assessing the clarity of the norms of this acquis. We perform analysis of selected cases from the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. The source of law in question, among other things, we consider with regard to its implementation in the areas of public health, certification and technical supervision, and in the field of veterinary services. The topic of our work is useful for the professional and scientific community due to the further clarification of the importance of the development of the case law of the Court of Justice for the uniform application of the Directive governing a very important segment of the internal market.

Prognosis of severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns

Objective is to study the features of impaired activation of T and B lymphocytes in order to predicting severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns. Materials and methods. 133 newborns with cytomegalovirus infection were examined. Immediately after diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection, all patients observed were immunologically ex amined, including assessing count of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, as well as their intercellular interaction by using flow cytometry immunostaining for CD3, CD3+CD28–, CD3+CD28+, CD3–CD28+, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD20+CD40+, CD28, CD40. The test was performed by using a Beckman Coulter Epics XL laser flow cytofluorometer. Depending on the condition severity, all children were divided into two groups: 1 — cytomegalovirus infection, severe form — 60 subjects (45.1%); 2 — cytomegalovirus infection, moderate form — 73 subjects (54.9%). Results of the entire set of studied indicators for cellular and humoral arms of immune system revealed statistically significant differences for the prognosis of severe cytomegalovirus infection: CD3+CD28–, CD20, CD20+CD40+, CD4. T lymphocytes with CD3+CD28+ activation markers, through which costimulating signals necessary for the activation of T helper cells are exerted cell-intrinsic features, serving as an important factor ensuring immune response. Using the “classification trees” method, we developed a differentiated approach to forecast severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns. Systems of inequalities were obtained, four of which classify a subgroup of newborns with severe cytomegalovirus infection. The consistent application of the obtained inequalities makes it possible to isolate from the input stream of sick patients with a prognosis of the development of severe cytomegalovirus infection. The proposed diagnostic rules can be considered as screening markers for predicting a severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns, which makes possible the timely onset of specific therapy.

From Paternalism to the Chambas Formula for Mediation: Conceptualizing Cooperation between the UN and Regional Organizations in Mediating Conflicts

This article explores the working relationship between the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in mediating conflicts in West Africa and the Sahel regions. We argue that through the United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS), the UN, ECOWAS and the AU are working on mediation efforts to transcend traditional conceptualizations of the relationship between the world body and regional organizations. We show that the partnership is grounded on the logic of subsidiarity, informality, elite networks, technical competence, soft skills, and robust social trust. For heuristic purposes, we call the six principles the Chambas Formula, with reference to the centrality of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for West Africa and the Sahel, Mohamed Ibn Chambas, and the emergence and consistent application of the principles in the mediation setting in West Africa and the Sahel regions.

Consensus on Terminology for Describing Child Language Interventions: A Delphi Study

Purpose Language intervention for children with language disorder may be effective; however, lack of detailed and consistent terminology for describing language interventions poses barriers for advancement within the field. This study aimed to develop consensus from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Australia on a taxonomy with terminology for describing language interventions for school-aged children and investigate SLPs' application of taxonomy terminology when describing child language interventions. Method A taxonomy with terms for describing interventions was developed with reference to contemporary literature and presented to clinicians and researchers with expertise in child language disorders in a three-round Delphi study. We asked Delphi participants to indicate agreement with the taxonomy or propose changes. Application of the taxonomy was investigated by asking participants to use taxonomy terminology to describe interventions presented in two case studies. Results The taxonomy consists of five aspects across which interventions may be described: modality/domain, purpose, delivery, form, and teaching techniques. Consensus on the taxonomy was established in both Round 1 (55 participants) and Round 2 (43 participants), with 100% of SLPs strongly agreeing or agreeing with the overall structure of the taxonomy and at least 87.3% of SLPs strongly agreeing or agreeing with each aspect. In Round 3 (32 participants), consensus was reached on 45/54 taxonomy categories (4/12 of the components) for Case Study 1 and 45/54 taxonomy categories (7/12 of the components) for Case Study 2. Conclusions Consensus on a taxonomy with terminology for describing language interventions represents a significant advancement in the field of child language intervention. Future actions may be needed to facilitate consistent application of taxonomy terms. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16435290

How to write a guideline: a proposal for a manuscript template that supports the creation of trustworthy guidelines

Trustworthy health guidelines should provide recommendations, document the development process, and highlight implementation information. Our objective was to develop a guideline manuscript template to help authors write a complete and useful report. The McMaster Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) centre collaborated with the American Society of Hematology (ASH) to develop guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolism. A template for reporting the guidelines was developed based on prior approaches and refined using input from other key stakeholders. The proposed guideline manuscript template includes: 1) title for guideline identification; 2) abstract, including a summary of key recommendations; 3) overview of all recommendations [executive summary]; 4) the main text, providing sufficient detail on the entire process including objectives, background, and methodological decisions from panel selection and conflict of interest management to criteria for updating, as well as supporting information such as links to online (interactive) tables. The template further allows for tailoring to the specific topic, using examples. Initial experience with the ASH guideline manuscript template was positive, and challenges included drafting descriptions of recommendations involving multiple management pathways, tailoring the template for a specific guideline, and choosing key recommendations to highlight. Feedback from a larger group of guideline authors and users will be needed to evaluate its usefulness and refine. The proposed guideline manuscript template is the first detailed template for transparent and complete reporting of guidelines. Consistent application of the template may simplify preparing an evidence-based guideline manuscript and facilitate its use.

Improving transparent team communication with the ‘Glass Door’ decal communication tool: a mixed methods analysis of family and staff perspectives

ObjectiveTo determine the value and perspectives of intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals (HCPs) and families about the Glass Door (GD) decal team communication tool.DesignQuality improvement methodology was used to design, test and implement the GD. Uptake was measured through audit. Impact was assessed through mixed methodology (survey of ICU HCPs (n=96) and semi-structured interviews of HCPs (n=10) and families (n=7)).SettingEighteen bed, closed, mixed medical–surgical–cardiac ICU in a tertiary care, university-affiliated, paediatric hospital.PopulationInterdisciplinary ICU HCPs and families of children admitted to the ICU.InterventionA transparent template (the GD) applied to the outside of ICU patients’ doors with sections for HCPs names, physiological goals and planned tests and treatments for the day. Medical staff completed the GD in rounds (AM and PM) and any HCP caring for the patient updated it throughout the day.Measurements and main resultsAfter 3 months, 96% of 613 doors were employed of which 99% respected confidentiality. ICU HCPs reported improved understanding of the patient’s plan (84% today vs 59% pre-GD, p<0.001) and sense that families were up-to-date (79% today vs 46% pre-GD, p<0.001). Based on semi-structured interviews, the GD promoted a shared understanding of the plan contributing to care continuity. The GD reassured families the team is working together and fostered family engagement in the care. Routine family experience surveys showed no change in families’ sense of privacy during admission; families denied the GD’s anticipated compromise of confidentiality.ConclusionsThe GD decal communication tool, visible on the patient’s door, improved ICU HCPs’ perceived knowledge of their patient’s plan. The GD improved the shared mental model, facilitated teaching and information transfer and fostered family engagement. Challenges included knowing the rules for use and consistent application. Concerns initially raised by HCPs about confidentiality were denied by families.

Chris Armstrong on Global Equality and Special Claims to Resources

In ‘Justice and Natural Resources,’ Chris Armstrong offers a rich and sophisticated egalitarian theory of resource justice, according to which the benefits and burdens flowing from natural (and non-natural) resources are ideally distributed with a view to equalize people’s access to wellbeing, unless there are compelling reasons that justify departures from that egalitarian default. Armstrong discusses two such reasons: special claims from ‘improvement’ and ‘attachment.’ In this paper, I critically assess the account he gives of these potential constraints on global equality. I argue that his recognition of them has implications that Armstrong does not anticipate, and which challenge some important theses in his book. First, special claims from improvement will justify larger departures from the egalitarian default than Armstrong believes. Second, a consistent application of Armstrong’s life plan-foundation for special claims from attachment implies that nation-states may move closer to justify ‘permanent sovereignty’ over the resources within their territories than what his analysis suggests.