scholarly journals Preoperative Management and Postoperative Delirium in Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Victor Pulpa Seda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Preoperative Management ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system cause postoperative delirium (POD),it is due to systematic inflammation induced by surgery. This can be known afterexperiments with animals. Memory impairment and neutralizing antibodies maybe caused by the high-morbidity cluster box protein. This may decreasepostoperative memory decline in experiments on adult rats. Recently, it is knownthat POD can increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality in postoperativepatients. Prehabilitation is highly recommended for POD. However, the use of VRcan be an option for elderly patients, patients with cognitive impairment andstroke. VR is also a hope for the population. This study is also very important totest VR Neuroprehabilitation for the prevention of POD in certain populations.

Preoperative Management and Postoperative Delirium in Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Victor Pulpa Seda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Preoperative Management ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system cause postoperative delirium (POD), it is due to systematic inflammation induced by surgery. This can be known after experiments with animals. Memory impairment and neutralizing antibodies may be caused by the high-morbidity cluster box protein. This may decrease postoperative memory decline in experiments on adult rats. Recently, it is known that POD can increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients. Prehabilitation is highly recommended for POD. However, the use of VR can be an option for elderly patients, patients with cognitive impairment and stroke. VR is also a hope for the population. This study is also very important to test VR Neuroprehabilitation for the prevention of POD in certain populations.

Hippocampal glutamine synthetase: insensitivity to glucocorticoids and stress

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. E894-E897 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Tombaugh ◽  
R. M. Sapolsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapses ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Glucocorticoid Induction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Glucocorticoids enhance the neurotoxic potential of several insults to the rat hippocampus that involve overactivation of glutamatergic synapses. These hormones also stimulate the synthesis of glutamine synthetase (GS) in peripheral tissue. Because this enzyme helps regulate glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system, glucocorticoid induction of GS in the brain may underlie the observed synergy. We have measured GS activity in the hippocampus and skeletal muscle (plantaris) of adult rats after bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX), corticosterone (Cort) replacement, or stress. No significant changes in GS were observed in hippocampal tissue, whereas muscle GS was significantly elevated after Cort treatment or stress and was reduced after ADX. These results suggest that Cort-induced shifts in GS activity probably do not explain Cort neurotoxicity, although the stress-induced rise in muscle GS may be relevant to certain types of myopathy.

scholarly journals Hemichannel-mediated release of lactate

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios Karagiannis ◽  
Sergiy Sylantyev ◽  
Anna Hadjihambi ◽  
Patrick S Hosford ◽  
Sergey Kasparov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporters ◽  
Lactate Transport ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Connexin Hemichannels

In the central nervous system lactate contributes to the extracellular pool of readily available energy substrates and may also function as a signaling molecule which mediates communication between glial cells and neurons. Monocarboxylate transporters are believed to provide the main pathway for lactate transport across the membranes. Here we tested the hypothesis that lactate could also be released via opening of pannexin and/or functional connexin hemichannels. In acute slices prepared from the brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex of adult rats, enzymatic amperometric biosensors detected significant tonic lactate release inhibited by compounds, which block pannexin/connexin hemichannels and facilitated by lowering extracellular [Ca2+] or increased PCO2. Enhanced lactate release triggered by hypoxia was reduced by ∼50% by either connexin or monocarboxylate transporter blockers. Stimulation of Schaffer collateral fibers triggered lactate release in CA1 area of the hippocampus, which was facilitated in conditions of low extracellular [Ca2+], markedly reduced by blockade of connexin hemichannels and abolished by lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor oxamate. These results indicate that lactate transport across the membranes may occur via mechanisms other than monocarboxylate transporters. In the central nervous system, hemichannels may function as a conduit of lactate release, and this mechanism is recruited during hypoxia and periods of enhanced neuronal activity.

3-Methylbutanal Metabolism in the Adult Rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kubow ◽  
G. H. Anderson ◽  
L. M. Blendis ◽  
E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Normal Constituent

1. 3-Methylbutanal is a normal constituent of human plasma and is elevated in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore these studies examined the possible source and site of synthesis of 3-methylbutanal and its effect on the central nervous system of adult rats. 2. 3-Methylbutanal was found to be a normal constituent of rat plasma and increased two to five times when leucine comprised 5% of the diet. Neomycin in the diet prevented the leucine-induced rise in plasma 3-methylbutanal. When this was injected at a dose of 120 mg/kg abnormal EEG patterns and sleep-like behaviour occurred, whereas smaller amounts (30 mg/kg) increased brain serotonin concentrations. 3. 3-Methylbutanal is a normal component of rat plasma: it may be derived in part from colonic bacterial breakdown of leucine and may influence central nervous system function. A possible relationship of 3-methylbutanal to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is suggested.

scholarly journals FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF MYELIN SHEATHS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Radial Component ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Central Myelin ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Direct evidence has been presented to confirm the existence of a spiral in the myelin sheaths of the central nervous system. An account of some of the variations in structure of central myelin sheaths has been given and it has been shown that the radial component of myelin sheaths has the form of a series of rod-like thickenings of the intraperiod line. These thickenings extend along the intraperiod line in a direction parallel to the length of the axon. The relative position of the internal mesaxon and external tongue of cytoplasm has been determined in a number of transverse sections of sheaths from the optic nerves of adult mice, adult rats, and young rats. In about 75 per cent of the mature sheaths examined, these two structures were found within the same quadrant of the sheath, so that the cytoplasm of the external tongue process tends to lie directly outside that associated with the internal mesaxon. The frequency with which the internal mesaxon and external tongue lie within the same quadrant of the sheath increases both with the age of the animal and with the number of lamellae present within a sheath. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

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