The Recovery of Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berlinski ◽  
Juan Uriagereka
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Principles And Parameters

Jean-Roger Vergnaud’s famous 1977 letter to Noam Chomsky and Howard Lasnik assumed that case is obligatory. As Juan Uriagereka and David Berlinski argue, Vergnaud’s case filter was a vindication of the principles and parameters approach to language. Case is an aspect of Universal Grammar itself.

scholarly journals A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS ESTUDOS SOBRE A GRAMÁTICA UNIVERSAL NAS PESQUISAS EM AQUISIÇÃO DE SEGUNDA LÍNGUA | THE IMPORTANCE OF UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR STUDIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION RESEARCH

2016 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rosi Ana Grégis
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
First Language ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Principles And Parameters

<p>A importância dos estudos da Gramática Universal (GU) de Noam Chomsky, tanto para pesquisas sobre a língua materna quanto para pesquisas sobre línguas estrangeiras, é incontestável. Para Chomsky e seus seguidores, aprendemos nossa primeira língua de maneira inata. Além disso, todas as línguas possuem certas características universais (princípios) e algumas diferenças entre si (parâmetros). Uma das questões mais relevantes acerca da relação entre a GU e os estudos de Aquisição de Segunda Língua (SLA) é saber se o acesso à Gramática Universal segue operando de forma semelhante quando aprendemos uma língua adicional. Esta pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico, tem como objetivo principal discutir a importância desses estudos, assim como explicar as atribuições da GU na ASL e esclarecer algumas hipóteses sobre se há, ou não, acesso à GU por parte dos aprendizes de uma segunda língua.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>The importance of Universal Grammar (UG) studies, by Noam Chomsky, both to researches on first language<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> and to second language<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span>, is uncontestable. To Chomsky and his followers, we learn our first language innately. Furthermore, all languages have some universal features (principles), and some differences among them (parameters). One of the most relevant issues about the relation between UG and the studies on Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is to know if the access to UG works in a similar way when we learn an additional language. This bibliographical research has as main goal discuss the importance of those studies, explain the assignments of UG in SLA, and describe some hypotheses that might indicate if  students of a second language have access or not to the Universal Grammar</em><em>.</em></p><p>Keywords: <em>Universal Grammar; Second language acquisition; principles and parameters</em>.</p>

scholarly journals The Linguistic Philosophy of Noam Chomsky

2014 ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Barman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Human Child ◽  
Mental Exercise ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

Noam Chomsky, one of the most famous linguists of the twentieth century, based his linguistic works on certain philosophical doctrines. His main contribution to linguistics is Transformational Generative Grammar, which is founded on mentalist philosophy. He opposes the behaviourist psychology in favour of innatism for explaining the acquisition of language. He claims that it becomes possible for human child to learn a language for the linguistic faculty with which the child is born, and that the use of language for an adult is mostly a mental exercise. His ideas brought about a revolution in linguistics, dubbed as Chomskyan Revolution. According to him, the part of language which is innate to human being would be called Universal Grammar. His philosophy holds a strong propensity to rationalism in search of a cognitive foundation. His theory is a continuation of analytic philosophy, which puts language in the centre of philosophical investigation. He would also be identified as an essentialist. This paper considers various aspects of Chomsky’s linguistic philosophy with necessary elaborations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pp.v51i1-2.17681

Partial transfer, not partial access

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Vainikka ◽  
Martha Young-Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Partial Transfer ◽  
Principles And Parameters

AbstractOur results support the idea that adults have access to the principles and parameters of Universal Grammar (UG), contrary to Epstein et al.'s misrepresentation of our work as involving partial access to UG. For both LI and L2 acquisition, functional projections appear to develop in a gradual fashion, but in L2 acquisition there is partial transfer in that the lowest projection (VP) is transferred from the speaker's LI.

The Minimality Condition in phonology

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik Charette
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimality Condition ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Phonological Form ◽  
Principles And Parameters

With a few honourable exceptions, phonologists have, until recently, generally assumed the phonological component to be organized along completely different lines from the other components of the grammar. Phonological phenomena were mainly viewed as accidental, language specific, and unprincipled. Whereas some theoretical parallels between syntax and phonology have been drawn (cf. the role of the cycle in both domains and the extensive literature on ordering), there have been few attempts to see if principles of Universal Grammar could be found in phonology as well as in syntax and semantics. Increasingly, however, phonology is now being regarded as a system of principles along with parameters defining the class of human phonological Systems. In such a framework there are no rules of the sort: A → B/C→D. Phonological phenomena result from principles and parameters governing phonological representations and structures present in a particular language. Along these lines, recent work in phonology has suggested that Phonological Form (PF), like the other components of the grammar, is subject to certain fundamental principles. For example, it was proposed by Andersen and Jones in the early 1970s (and pursued by Ewen, Durand and others) that the relations of dependency that determine how syntactic constituents are organized, also determine how segments are grouped together in a given structure. For their part Lowenstamm & Kaye (1982) proposed that a theory of government could account for certain phonological processes such as vowel shortening in closed syllables. Stephen Anderson (1982) and Levin (1985) have proposed that X-bar principles govern the representation of syllables. Specifically, they have proposed that the Rhyme and the syllable as a whole are projections of the syllabic head, the Nucleus.

scholarly journals Chomsky's Contribution to Linguistics: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sonia Touqir ◽  
Amna Mushtaq ◽  
Touqir Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Principles And Parameters

This review seeks to highlight Chomsky's major contributions to the field of linguistics. He changed linguists' conception about the nature of language from an externalized to internalized approach. This shift also resulted in the language being thought of as a cognitive phenomenon rather than as a set of structures to be analyzed for their correctness or incorrectness to prove his stance introduced the concept of language faculty, its workings, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, and Transformational and Generative Grammar. The TGG also significantly overhauled the existent phrase structure rules. These rules were brought to follow binarity principles that dictated that a node cannot have less than or more than two branches. Besides the concept of Universal Grammar, along with its principles and parameters, Chomsky simplified how the language acquisition process can be understood: instead of learning hundreds of rules, the human mind has to install a handful of principles and parameters.

Generative coda

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
ELLY VAN GELDEREN
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Innate Knowledge

Generative grammar has its beginnings in the late 1950s with the work of Noam Chomsky and emphasizes innate linguistic knowledge, or Universal Grammar. Children use their innate knowledge and, on the basis of the language they hear spoken, also known as the E(xternalized)-Language, come up with a grammar, also known as the I(nternalized)-Language (see Chomsky 1986: 19–24). Generative grammar focuses on the ability of native speakers to speak and understand grammatical sentences.

scholarly journals Português Brasileiro como segunda língua: um estudo sobre o sujeito nulo (Brazilian Portuguese as a second language: a study about the null subject)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Gildete Rocha Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Principles And Parameters

Este estudo objetiva investigar como se dá a aquisição do sujeito nulo do português brasileiro (PB) como segunda língua (L2) por adultos estrangeiros, falantes nativos de inglês e italiano em situação de imersão total. A pesquisa desenvolve-se no âmbito da gramática gerativa, dentro do quadro da Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) e do Programa Minimalista (CHOMsKY, 1993, 1995, 2000). As questões da pesquisa estão relacionadas ao acesso à Gramàtica Universal (GU) por aprendizes de L2. Mais especificamente, procurou-se investigar se os sujeitos analisados têm acesso à GU e, em caso afirmativo, qual seria a forma desse acesso. Os resultados da análise dos dados confirmaram a) a hipótese de acesso direto à Gu, através do uso do valor default do parâmetro pro-drop = sujeitos nulos ou preenchidos + a forma verbal unipessoal, nas produções dos falantes de inglês e italiano em fase inicial de aquisição; e b)a hipótese do acesso indireto à Gu, via L1, nas produções dos sujeitos falantes de inglês e italiano em fase inicial de aquisição. Além disso, considerando que as línguas pro-drop não constituem um único tipo, levantou-se a hipótese de que, com base nos dados do input, os aprendizes vão apresentar o pro-drop do PB, a partir da (1999) aquisição da concordância dessa língua, o que se confirmou. A tese confirma a hipótese do "bilinguismo universal" de Roeper (1999) não apenas para o estágio inicial, mas para os estágios intermediário e final.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição de linguagem. Gramática gerativa. Aquisição da segunda língua. Sujeito nulo. Princípios e parâmetros.ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the acquisition of the null subject in Brasilian Portuguese (BP) as a second language (L2) by native adult speakers of English and Italian, in a situation of total immersion. The research was developed within the framework of the Principles and Parameters Theory (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) and the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1993, 1995, 2000). The research attempted to investigate whether the L2 leaners have access to Universal Grammar (UG) and what the form of that access would be. The results of the analysis confirmed a) the hypothesis of direct access to UG , throught the use of the pro-drop parameter's default value = null or over subjects + the one-person agreement verbal form, in the production of English and Italian Speakers in the initial phase of acquisition. Considering that pro-drop languages do not constitute a single type, it was hypothesized that, based upon data from the input the learners would present the pro-drop of BP, starting by the acquisitionof the agreement in that language, which was confirmed. The analysis confirms the "universal bilinguism" hypotesis (ROEPER, 1999), not only for inatial stage of aquisition, but also for the intermediate and final stages.KEYWORDS: Language acquisition. Second language acquisition. Generative grammar. Null subject. Principles and parameters.

The Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Comparative Syntax ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Structural Principles ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The idea that all languages show affinities in their organisation, and particularly in grammar, is not a new one. It arguably originates in the thought of Plato and Aristotle, and manifests in medieval scholastic philosophy, in the 17th-century Port-Royal grammarians, and in modern linguistic theory. In modern linguistics, the concept of a universal set of structural principles that underlies the superficial grammatical diversity of the world’s languages has been most influentially developed by Noam Chomsky. The primary goal of this Handbook is to provide an overview and guide to this aspect of Chomsky’s thinking, to set Chomsky’s ideas in context, to look at their motivation, and to consider their implications. The Handbook is divided into five parts. Part I deals with the philosophical questions related to Universal Grammar (UG), Part II deals with general questions of linguistic theory, Part II with language acquisition, Part IV with comparative syntax and Part V with wider issues.

The Minimalist Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-WOUTER ZWART
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Principles And Parameters

Noam Chomsky,The Minimalist Program. (Current Studies in Linguistics 28.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. Pp. 420.The Minimalist Program, by Noam Chomsky, is a collection of four articles, ‘The Theory of Principles and Parameters’ (written with Howard Lasnik, 13–127), ‘Some notes on Economy of Derivation and representation’ (129–166), ‘A Minimalist Program for linguistic theory’ (167–217), and ‘Categories and transformations’ (219–394). The first three articles have appeared elsewhere, and are reprinted here with minor revisions. The fourth was circulated in manuscript form earlier in 1995 and is commonly referred to as ‘Chapter four’. The volume opens with an ‘Introduction’ (1–11) and closes with a general bibliography and an index (395–420).The work collected here is based on material presented by Chomsky, and discussed by participating students, faculty, and visitors, in Chomsky's fall term lecture-seminars at MIT in the period of 1986 through 1994. For those who have ever wanted to attend these class lectures, but were never in the position to, this is a must read. The MIT Press is to be commended for having made this collection available in such an exemplary inexpensive volume.

scholarly journals Innate mechanism or acquired instrument: nature of language as basis for understanding cognitive abilities of human beings

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
O. V. Gorodovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Cognitive Revolution ◽  
Knowledge Of Language

The article contains a critical review of modern problems of Universal Grammar theory by Noam Chomsky. It examines the origins of the theory, the process of its development, the transition to the ‘Second Cognitive Revolution’ and some recent objections to Chomsky’s hypothesis about the innate status of our knowledge of language.

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