Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi

Increased life expectancy and low mortality rates are the major reason for the increasing number of the older population. Developed countries are not only facing this problem, but the number of developing countries are also increasing. Pakistan is also among those countries having a greater portion of the older population. Objective: The present study was focused on exploring the relationship between the educational achievement of older persons and their disease profile. Methods: A structured tool was developed to interview 384 older persons. Data were coded and analyzed in SPSS. Male and female participation was with ratio 70:30 while 53.9% sample was age 60-65 years. Results: Most of the respondents were illiterate, followed by primary, secondary, and matriculation degree holder elders. Hypertension, Heart problem, Diabetes, Arthritis, and Asthma issue are observed among older persons. Diabetes is the only disease reported by OPs with a qualification from illiterate to a Master degree with varied percentiles. Regression model [ y=5.0749+.0646x] with R Square = .0013. Conclusion: We conclude that a relationship exists among study variables but non-significantly while the value of R^2tells us how assertive you can be that each distinct variable has some correlation with the dependent variable, which is the important indicator.

Normative Orders in Everyday-Life: Being Expatriate in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic and Crisis in Frankfurt am Main

In the contemporary world of a strong digital order, yesterday's political borders give the impression of being not that more important. The old world was determined through its concepts of borders, frontiers, statehood, institutions, or the membership of its citizens. The strongholds of a state are its physical borders, politics (process), polity (structures/institutions) and policy (content/normative). This article analyzes how social orders pass on to normative orders in everyday life in times of COVID-19 and crisis for expatriates in Germany's most international city Frankfurt am Main. It tries to reflect how physical borders are influencing still people and to what extent sources of borders are shaping everyday life.

Children's Schooling and Parental Migration: Empirical Evidence on the 'Left-behind' Generation in Pakistan

This study examines the long-term effects of parental international migration on the schooling of children left behind in Pakistan. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically but the lack of parental care may cause relational and psychological problems that may affect children's welfare in the long term. The locale of the present study is district Gujrat where the labor migration is considered as the best viable way to cope with an increasing poverty and the scarcity of public resources for sustaining households' incomes. To gain the objectives of the study, a mix methods approach has been used for the collection and analysis of data. In the present study the impact of migration on the education of the children was measured through their enrolment in school, type of institution and level of investment on education, dropout from the school, level of achievement. The results show that parental migration has a positive impact on the enrolment of children and investment on education, but it has negative impact on the dropout and level of achievement especially in case of boys.

Socio-Cultural Implications of Son Preference: A Case of Danyor, Gilgit

The study deals with the dilemma of son preference and its causes and consequences. The fieldwork was conducted in village 'Danyor' in Gilgit-Baltistan, for the period of six months. Socio-economic survey was conducted from seventy-five households, detailed in-depth interviews were taken from thirty respondents in addition to 35 case studies. The field findings revealed the prevailing perceptions are sons as powerful and socially strong, owner and successor of family property, old age security for parents, symbol of prestige, custodian of family strength and honor etc. On the contrary, daughters are considered as burden of dowry and financial dependency on parents. The study concludes that son preference results in many discriminatory practices against female child such as abortion of female fetus, high infant mortality, lower status of daughters bearing mother in the family, short birth spacing, high probability of husband's remarriage and increased chances of being divorced.

Exploring the Absurdity of War and International Aid in the Novel 'Red Birds' by Mohammad Hanif: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Discourse is a wide-ranging term to cover many forms of human utterances and textual forms of communication. Development through multiple stages gave birth to CDA which bridges the micro-structure of linguistic choices to macro-structures of social reality. Theorists like Van Dijk, Fairclough, and Fowler contributed to its development with the foundation provided by Halliday's SFL. The qualitative research endeavors to analyze 'Red Birds', a novel written by Mohammad Hanif under Huckin's model of CDA to highlight the absurdity of war and international aid. The three dimensions of Fairclough's model are at the background of Huckin's model. The analysis has been carried out at three levels i.e. broad level, sentence level, and word level. A well-thought analysis reveals the nature of war in a region where there is nothing to destroy. It has also been concluded that the aid programs are nothing more than 'making them orphan and then adopting them' which clearly runs incongruous to the spirit of aid.

Cultural Predicting Food Myths in the Northern Punjab of Pakistan: The Belief and Practice of Mothers in their Region, A Qualitative exploration

The purpose of this study was to determine the cultural role of food myths, people's perceptions of socioecological food pattern and their tales. Myths and food play an important role in culture and lifestyle. How they seek satisfaction from the related socio-ecological foods. People use their cultural myths every day in life, significantly older generations in rural areas. The wider description of food myths and health are investigating the generally used traditional approach that tends to take a more reductionist approach to food myth and health. The various powwow on food myths and health are being explored related to ethical issues of personalized nutrition diet and fitness. Ethnographic methods were used to conducted interviews in Alipur village of Punjab. Survey data were collected from 40 randomly selected household heads from one village, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 household heads who shared cultural practices about food myths.

Lego-political Judicial Institution "Panchayat", A Journey from Colonial to Postcolonial Times

Panchayat is a traditional judicial institute mostly remained in practice for centuries in various regions of Punjab. The transformation of traditional platforms into a Lego-political judicial institution has to be seen as the politics of judicial dispensation. The research is an attempt to investigate how political order is maintained through legal cover in social cosmos. The village Panchayat has been an important institution which disposes of numerous disputes/issues for maintenance of power structure. What are the reasons that still support both systems to work contemporarily? There may be clashes of justice in some cases but the law only supports the legal justice system with all its errors and flaws. Why is this injustice with the justice system? As in many countries like India and Bengal both systems have legal recognition. If the traditional justice system is no more working institution then why is this system still working?

Ethnicity, Ethnic Food And Diabetes Mellitus Type-II

Ethnicity is the identity of an individual with respect to its culture, religion, ancestral pattern, norms and values, which by a person can give its identification. People of the same ethnicity lives together, becomes their group. The similarities or differences of people in their cultures can be languages, food, rituals, nationality, norms, and values that identify their ethnicity. In ethnic groups, Diabetes Mellitus Type-II is becoming very common. Diabetes type-II is a global disease nowadays, but in some ethnic groups, it is at higher risk, like in Africans, Hispanics and Native Americans. Some ethnic group have their specific ethnic foods. For this, the descriptive methodology has been used for the collection of data, including methods of an in-depth interview. From this above discussion, it has been concluded that some ethnic groups are at high risk of diabetes type 2, and some ethnic foods, which include those ingredients which are the risk factors of diabetes type II, should not be taken to reduce the risk of Diabetes type-II.

Impact of Punitive Supervision on Employee Performance: Employees Exhaustion as a Mediating Role in The Hospitality Sector of Pakistan

The deliberate, cognizant utilization of animosity (as an operant) to shape and control the reactions of subordinates and increase consistency with orders, hierarchical guidelines and casual standards is known as punitive supervision. In this study, we investigate the relationship between punitive supervision and employee performance by using employee exhaustion as a mediating role in the model. The target population in the investigation is the hospitality sector, including hotels and restaurants in south Punjab. The research was quantitative in nature. We developed a questionnaire from existing literature. The research sector of the survey was the Hospitality sector, and we choose a management level of the hotel industry. The framework of the investigation has proposed the search out the outcomes of the punitive supervision in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model was developed according to the social exchange theory. Punitive supervision is a newly developed concept. The results recommend that if the supervisor has behavior negatively then the employee was exhausted, and in the resultants, the performance of the employee was decreased.

Impact of Islamic Leadership on Islamic Work Ethics: Islamic HR Practices as a Mediating Role in the Islamic Banking Sector of Pakistan

Leadership concept can be an approached through various points of view, including administrative, army, community, spiritual, or business perspectives. Islamic banking is also known as by name non-enthusiasm banking, the bank is dependent on Islamic or Sharia law standards, and the guidance is provided by Islamic financial matters. Data compiled from performance appraisal models help in the compensation roles and progression of the employee's career. The study's framework has proposed to find out the outcomes of the Islamic leadership in the banking sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model developed according to the social exchange theory. Islamic leadership is a newly developed concept. In this study, we contribute practically to the literature in which Islamic leadership was a newly developed concept in the research. This study concludes that Islamic leadership has a positive relationship with Islamic human resource practices, and Islamic work ethic plays a mediating role. The results recommend that if the supervisor has direction influenced by the Islamic way with the Islamic human resource practices in the organization and the resultants, the Islamic work ethics would be promoted.