The Fatty Acids Composition and Health Lipid Indices in the Sheep Raw Milk Under a Pasture-Based Dairy System

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mierlita ◽  
Ioan Mircea Pop ◽  
Florin Lup ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Simona Ioana Vicas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

This research was conducted to study fatty acids composition, especially content of n-3 FA; c9,t11-CLA (rumenic acid) and t11-C18:1 (vaccenic acid) and health lipid indices of milk according to the feeding practices in sheep. The exeperimental diets consisted of: P - pasture without any diet supplementation, PC - pasture + standard concentrate (500 g/d), PCs - pasture + fat-enriched concentrate (camelina seed-based concentrate: 500 g/d). Camelina seeds (Cs - Camelina sativa L) were used to increase the beneficial FA concentration in milk fat. PC diet as compared to P diet increases daily milk yield and the content of milk fat, but it adversely affects the quality of milk fats. Fat in the milk of PC ewes had a higher content of hypercholesterolemic FA, while the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentration decreased (p [ 0.001). The use Cs in the concentrate mixture (PCs diet) increased by more than double the c9,t11-CLA, C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:3n-3 (ALA) and t11-C18:1 (VA) (p [ 0.001) in milk fat, without any negative effects on milk yield and composition. Beneficial changes of health lipid indices milk fat (atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, n-6/n-3 FA) were detected when the diet of ewes was supplemented with fat-enriched concentrate (PCs group) because of high concentration of c9,t11-CLA, n-3 FA which has sanogenic properties. It is concluded that, when pasture quality and availability do not limit dairy production, supplementation of grazing ewes with concentrate mixture is not recommended, because compromised the milk FA profile. The using camelina seeds in strategies for supplementing the diet of ewes on pastures is a good choice both for the daily milk yield and even more so for the sanogenetic quality of milk fats.

Repeatability estimates for milk coagulation traits and non-coagulation of milk in Finnish Ayrshire cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Tyrisevä ◽  
Tiina Ikonen ◽  
Matti Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Effects of systematic environmental factors and milk production and quality traits on milk coagulation properties (MCP), and on repeatability of those traits were estimated from 979 milk samples collected once a month over a period of 2 years from 83 Finnish Ayrshire cows. Estimation was based on a multitrait animal model and REML methodology. In addition, persistence of non-coagulation of milk in individual cows, and factors associated with it were established from a sub sample of 24 cows producing non-coagulating (NC) milk at least once. MCP were at their best during the first lactation, at the beginning and at the end of lactation, and during grazing seasons. Variation in MCP with systematic environmental factors was partly due to variation in composition and quality of milk, especially in pH and ln (somatic cell count, SCC). Coefficients of repeatability for milk coagulation time and curd firmness were 0·65 and 0·68. These estimates were of the same magnitude as those for protein content, but were higher than those for daily milk yield, fat content, pH, and SCC. Based on the repeatability estimates for the milk coagulation traits and effects of the environmental factors, cows should be sampled at least three times during a lactation to estimate reliably breeding values for the milk coagulation traits. A total of 10% of the milk samples did not coagulate in 30 min after addition of rennet. Cows that produced NC milk at least once (30% of the cows) could be classified into those that produced NC milk only a few times during a lactation and those that produced NC milk at almost every sampling. Based on logistic regression analyses, peak and mid-lactation, high milk yield, low protein and fat content and high pH increased the risk of non-coagulation of milk.

scholarly journals Milk production and its relationship with milk composition, body and udder morphological traits in Bedouin goat reared under arid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42552
Author(s):  
Fatima Kouri ◽  
Salima Charallah ◽  
Amina Kouri ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Farida Khammar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

 This research aims to assess the performances of lactating Bedouin goat under arid conditions, focusing on the relationship of milk yield with body and udder morphology and growth traits. Fourteen goats and their kids were followed during early lactation (90 days post-partum). Mean daily milk yield was 0.56 kg. Milk fat, proteins, lactose, solids non-fat and minerals were respectively 34.9, 38.9, 48.8, 107 and 6.7 g L-1. Mean kids’ birth weight, adjusted body weight at 90 days of age and average daily gain were respectively 2 kg, 6.6 kg and 51.4 g day-1. Daily milk yield was correlated with goats’ body weight, withers height, rump height, udder width and udder circumference but not with linear udder score and growth performances. These results provide important data about the milk production of Bedouin goat emphasizing its correlation with body and udder morphological traits which can help to elaborate a specific breeding program for this breed. 

scholarly journals Effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base region

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
MA Baset ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Base Region ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.–Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.–Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A “good and/or poor feed base” region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p?0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p?0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p?0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p?0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Bioenergetic and ethological features of the first-calf heifers of different genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
O. O. Borshch ◽  
S. Yu. Ruban ◽  
O. V. Borshch ◽  
V. M. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Slight Advantage ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this work was to study bioenergetic and ethological indicators in crossbred first-calf heifers compared to purebred first-calf heifers. The research was conducted on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Black-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed, as well as, on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy with Montbéliarde breed. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 106.45 and 218.36 kg, respectively. Accordingly, the indicators of average daily milk yield were also higher by 0.35 and 0.72 kg and the indicators of average daily milk yield adjusted by 4 % fat content per 0.15 and 0.16 kg. At the same time, the indicator of average fat content in milk prevailed in crossbreeds of Black-Pied and Brown Swiss breed by 0.08 % compared to purebred Black-Pied breeds, and in Red-Pied crossbreeds with Montbéliarde breed by 0.16 % compared to purebred Red-Pied breeds. The purebred Black-Pied first-calf heifers had an advantage by 2.04 MJ compared to crossbreeds, while the Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.06 MJ compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of daily cost of exchange energy (EE). The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had higher cost of exchange energy allocated with milk compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers by 0.42 and 0.82 MJ. They also had higher cost of exchange energy rates for heat products by 0.79 and 0.25 MJ. According to the energy index indicator, purebred Black - and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreeds first-calf heifers by 0.16 and 0.07 %, respectively. The same trend was observed in relation to the productive index indicator. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.001 and 0.002 kg adjusted by 4 % of milk fat content per 1 MJ. According to the indicators of daily behavioral reactions, no special differences between a purebred and crossbreed were found.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

Assessment of the Canadian model predicting daily milk yield and milk fat percentage using single-milking dairy herd improvement samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531
Author(s):  
M. Duplessis ◽  
R. Lacroix ◽  
L. Fadul-Pacheco ◽  
D.M. Lefebvre ◽  
D. Pellerin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk yield and milk composition from grazing primiparous non-dairy crossbred ewes

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morgan ◽  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
A. R. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production and milk composition were studied in 520 primiparous Merino crossbred ewes that were the progeny of 30 sires from several maternal crossing breeds including Border Leicester, Coopworth, Finnsheep and East Friesian. The ewes were born in 3 years (1997, 1998, and 1999), with 3 sires used in every year to provide genetic links. The crossbred ewe lambs were randomly assigned to autumn or spring joining groups and mated to Poll Dorset rams to lamb at 12 or 19 months of age. Ewes were milked on 3 days during their first lactation at approximately 3, 4, and 12 weeks after lambing. On each milking day, each ewe was initially injected with oxytocin, milked out by machine, and then hand-stripped. This procedure was repeated approximately 4 h later, with the milk weight and time recorded to extrapolate to daily milk yield, and composition of the milk was determined. Daily milk yield was analysed using REML mixed models procedures and 3 measures of milk production were predicted: peak milk yield at 21 days of lactation, total milk yield from 21 to 90 days of lactation, and length of lactation (days for daily yield to decline to 600 g/day). Milk composition traits (%fat, %protein, %lactose) and proportion of machine milk yield were analysed with similar models. Sire breed, number of lambs born and suckled, season, and ewe weight gain from mid-pregnancy until lamb weaning were all significant (P < 0.01) for daily yield, which declined from 2.1 kg/day at 21 days to 0.7 kg/day at 90 days of lactation. The Finnsheep-cross ewes had lower peak milk yield (1.84 ± 0.08 v. 2.09–2.19 ± 0.1 kg/day) and lower total yield of lactation (21–90 days) than all the other breed-cross ewes (78 ± 3 v. 92–107 ± 5 kg). The East Friesian-cross ewes had significantly longer lactations (128.8 ± 10.9 days) than the Border Leicester (98.1 ± 4.4 days) and Coopworth (93.7 ± 4.2 days), with the Finnsheep-cross ewes the shortest (80.1 ± 3.1 days). The East Friesian-cross ewes had the greatest and the Finnsheep-cross ewes the least total yield of lactation (107 ± 5 and 78 ± 3 kg, respectively). There were significant differences in peak milk yield for ewes bearing and suckling single lambs, twin-born and single-raised lambs, and twin-born and raised lambs (1.86 ± 0.04, 2.03 ± 0.09, and 2.37 ± 0.07 kg/day, respectively). There was a significant decline in daily milk yield with increasing ewe weight gain from mid-pregnancy to lamb weaning (–18.1 ± 4.2 g/kg). All the components of milk composition changed from the peak of milk production at 3 weeks to the end of lactation. The East Friesian-cross ewes had significantly lower milk %fat (by approx. 1 percentage point) at both 21 days and 90 days of lactation than ewes by all other sire breeds. The 30 sire progeny mean deviations for daily milk yield ranged from –292 to +276 g/day, with considerable ranges between sires within the sire breeds. The implications for lamb production and breeding programs are discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of THI values at different periods of lactation on milk quality and characteristics of lactation curve

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Cincovic ◽  
Branislava Belic ◽  
Bojan Toholj ◽  
Ivan Radovic ◽  
Bojana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The experiment included 90 cows. Cows were chosen according to the time of calving, so that the first third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G1), the second third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G2), and in the last 30 cows the last third of lactation was in summer period (G3). The value of THI was between 72 and 82, which indicates the existence of the moderate intensity of heat stress. Heat stress does not damage the milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage on the level of the whole lactation, regardless of the lactation period in which the cows were exposed to stress. There was no correlation between THI and milk yield and quality at the level of the whole lactation. Heat stress did not show a significant effect on the parameters of lactation curve, except the peak of yield, which occurred later in cows exposed to heat stress. Increased value of THI showed nonsignificant effect on yield and quality of milk in the first third of lactation. In the middle and at the end of lactation THI was in a significant negative correlation with the yield and quality of milk. Our study showed a significantly lower heat-induced milk yield, milk fat and protein percent in the middle and at the end of lactation.

scholarly journals Complete rations containing coarsely chopped or ground hay for dairy cows in confinement vs. conventional grazing

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Treatments A and B, based on complete rations, and a conventional control (C) were compared in a completely randomized design including 8 preliminary days and 3 successive 28-day comparison periods with 17 cows (13 Holstein and 4 Brown Swiss). Both complete rations incorporated 60% basal concentrates, principally ground maize, soybean meal, wheat middlings and cane molasses, and 40% grass hay, but differed in the coarsely chopped hay in A and ground hay (9.5 mm screen) ¡n B. Formulation specified 13% crude protein and 1.58 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter (DM). Each was fed to two groups of three cows, ad libitum in period 1 and restricted in periods 2 and 3 in late afternoon. During the hottest hours these animals rested under shade, which reduced thermal stress. Five control cows grazed rotationally at 2.5 animals/ha in gramineous swards of good quality, with individual supplementation of basal concentrates according to milk yield. Late in period 1, DM intake (DMI) of A and B reached maxima of 22 and 23 kg per per. Mean results for A, B and C, respectively, during 84 days were: daily DMI, 16.2, 16,4 and 6.0 kg (excluding pasture herbage), and as a percentage liveweight (LW), 2.96, 2.98 and 1.09; LW, 548, 552 and 550 kg; daily milk yield, 17.7, 16.5 and 16.0 kg; 4% fat corrected milk (FCM), 15.0, 13.7 and 14.0 kg; milk fat percentage, 3.00, 2.87 and 3.19; FCM/concentrates DMI ratio, 1.55, 1.39 and 2.34. One cow of B died of acute bloat in period 2, possibly because of insufficiency of effective fiber in the rumen. Complete ration A appears promising as a possible alternative for intensified dairying in Puerto Rico.

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