scholarly journals The Role of Pseudoephedrine Tablets Versus Xylometazoline Spray in Otic Barotrauma Prevention During Flights

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 3199-3202
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Oana Iana ◽  
Dragos Cristian Stefanescu ◽  
Viorel Zainea ◽  
Razvan Hainarosie
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Common Complaint

Otalgia during airplane flights is a common complaint among patients. This occurs due to the changes in air pressure during take-off and landing that affect middle ear and inner ear. The eustachian tube is responsible with equalizing pressure but in many cases, it happens insufficiently leading to mild to severe pain, hearing loss, tympanic membrane rupture and even inner ear lesions. The aim of this paper is to asses the efficacy of two decongestants, oral pseudoephedrine versus topical xylometazoline in preventing otic barotrauma.

Eustachian Tube Function and Retraction of the Tympanic Membrane

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Holmquist ◽  
Ulf Renvall ◽  
Pål Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Eustachian Tube Function ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Pressure Equalization ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Middle Ear Cholesteatoma ◽  
Tube Function

The medial displacement of the tympanic membrane or the retracted tympanic membrane is a common clinical finding. Also, retractions are looked upon as the precursor of middle ear cholesteatoma. In current otologic literature there seems to be some dispute whether the retractions of the tympanic membrane are caused by negative intratympanic air pressure or by shrinkage of middle ear adhesions pulling the tympanic membrane or part of it medially. In this study only ears with posterior/superior retractions of the tympanic membrane were investigated. Tympanometry revealed that only 33% of the ears did have middle ear pressure within ± 100 mm H2O. After insertion of a polyethylene tube through the tympanic membrane, the eustachian tube function was tested using the air pressure equalization technique. None of the ears could change the negative air pressure upon swallowing. Planometric measurements on the x-ray of the mastoid air cell system of the present material deviate from those of a normal material, indicating a significantly smaller air volume in the present material. It may be concluded that dysfunction of the eustachian tube and a small air volume of the mastoid are characteristic features of an ear with posterior/superior retraction of the tympanic membrane.

Contraindications to the Small Hole Stapedectomy

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brown Farrior
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Small Hole ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

A small hole stapedectomy with an unprotected piston is contraindicated in an ear subjected to excessive pressure changes whether these are excessive fluid pressure changes which occur in the inner ear or excessive air pressure changes in the middle ear. Excessive fluid pressure changes in the inner ear may be the result of an overly patent aqueduct of the cochlea or a permeable internal auditory canal. These excessive fluid pressure changes may produce fistulas or a dilated blister around the piston called a tented piston. Excessive air pressure changes in the middle ear will produce excessive excursions of the tympanic membrane which may result in vertigo or a dislocated piston.

Causes of failure of combined approach tympanoplasty in the treatment of acquired cholesteatomas of the middle ear and the mastoid

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 710-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Causes Of Failure

AbstractForty cases of failed combined approach tympanoplasty were analysed. The commonest cause of failure was adhesions between the facial ridge and the tympanic membrane, causing segmental attico-mastoid malaeration in 51.3 per cent of cases followed-up continually. Other causes were, large dermoids, incomplete removal of squamous epithelium, and eustachian tube obstruction. Eustachian tube dysfunction did not appear to be a major cause of failure.

The role of middle ear muscles in the development of resistance to noise induced hearing loss

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Henderson ◽  
Malini Subramaniam ◽  
Martin Papazian ◽  
Vlasta P. Spongr
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Development Of Resistance

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in inner ear development and hearing loss

Gene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Mittal ◽  
George Liu ◽  
Sai P. Polineni ◽  
Nicole Bencie ◽  
Denise Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Inner Ear Development

The Role of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Immune-Mediated Middle Ear Effusion and Inflammation

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. S203-S205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Ryan ◽  
Jeffrey P. Harris ◽  
Antonino Catanzaro ◽  
Stephen I. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Ear Effusion

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

Common drugs used in ENT

2009 ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Rogan Corbridge ◽  
Nicholas Steventon
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Membrane Perforation

Drugs used in the ear 348 Drugs used in the nose 349 Drugs used in the treatment of acid reflux 350 This group of drugs is widely used for the treatment of otitis externa. Otitis externa 2 drops tds for 10 days Presence of grommet or tympanic membrane perforation due to aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the inner ear. Risk thought to be low in the presence of active infection where the middle-ear mucosa is swollen and the antibiotic is unlikely to reach the inner ear via the round window...

Middle ear gas exchange in isobaric counterdiffusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Dueker ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
J. J. Rosowski ◽  
J. C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Gas Space ◽  
Counter Diffusion

Nitrous oxide entry into the middle ear gas space was studied in cats in relation to anesthesia and the vestibular dysfunction caused by isobaric inert gas counter-diffusion in diving. A catheter implanted in the auditory bulla was used for direct gas sampling and pressure measurements. Experiments were designed to evaluate the participation of the eustachian tube, mucosal blood vessels, and tympanic membrane in middle ear gas exchange. The eustachian tube did not contribute to N2O entry and the mucosal blood supply only contributed about one-third of the total N2O accumulation. Diffusion across the tympanic membrane accounted for most of the N2O entering the middle ear from ambient and respiratory environments containing N2O.

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