General and Particular Structural Characteristics of Acetylsalicylic Acid - Aspirine Chemical properties

Anti-inflammatory-analgesic medication is known to have a wide spread, its indications going beyond the area of rheumatology, aimed at various fields, cardiology, nephrology, hematology,neurology, etc. Many years of aspirin has constituted the health expectation of millions of patients. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (ASNS) are acidic compounds derived mainly from carboxylic acids and enolic acids. The non-acidic compounds are numerically reduced and relatively unrelated. The main effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics arise following antipyretic action, analgesic action and anti-immflamatory in varying proportions to each structural group. Each drug has the specificity of single actions, the global way of explaining the clinical effects remains little known. Anti-inflammatory (anti-termic) in acute rheumatism or other inflammatory joint disorders, anti-platelet antiaggregant, aspirin prevents aggregation of blood platelets (which have a role in stopping bleeding).This is why it is used to prevent thrombosis (clotting of blood in the arteries or veins) with an impOliant role in preventing myocardial infarction. The study includes 126 patients who often used aspirin. Interaction of aspirin with other drugs mainly occurs in the plasma albumin, platelets, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. Considered a common drug, often used by patients without the physician�s indication, some of them under maintenance medication (corticosteroid, anticoagulants, antiplatelet, antidiabetics, cytostatics), aspirin may cause important complications.

Download Full-text

Thiophene-Based Compounds with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14070692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz ◽

Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior ◽

Natália Barbosa de Mélo ◽

Luciana Scotti ◽

Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Tiaprofenic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Biological Target ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Privileged Structures

Rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and gout, among other chronic inflammatory diseases are public health problems and represent major therapeutic challenges. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed clinical treatments, despite their severe side effects and their exclusive action in improving symptoms, without effectively promoting the cure. However, recent advances in the fields of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemoinformatics have provided valuable information and opportunities for development of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. For drug design and discovery, thiophene derivatives are privileged structures. Thiophene-based compounds, like the commercial drugs Tinoridine and Tiaprofenic acid, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The present review provides an update on the role of thiophene-based derivatives in inflammation. Studies on mechanisms of action, interactions with receptors (especially against cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)), and structure-activity relationships are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of thiophene-based compounds as privileged structures for the design and discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. The studies reveal important structural characteristics. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides, as well as methyl and methoxy groups, has been frequently described, and highlights the importance of these groups for anti-inflammatory activity and biological target recognition, especially for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes.

Download Full-text

Structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of UV/H2O2-treated algal sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2021.112157 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112157

Author(s):

Yufeng Gong ◽

Yongxuan Ma ◽

Peter Chi-Keung Cheung ◽

Lijun You ◽

Lan Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Gracilaria Lemaneiformis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Download Full-text

A review on the bio-functional roles of phospholipids from marine resources

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

M. Haq ◽

S. Suraiya

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Functional Activities ◽

Marine Phospholipids ◽

Liver Functions ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Unique Chemical

Marine phospholipids (PLs) rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have drawn keen interest recently among researchers and consumers and could be assumed as a “miracle drug”. Substantial amount of EPA and DHA, amazing and unique chemical properties and super bio-functional activities of marine PLs make it superior compared to terrestrial PLs, which lack long chain ω-3 PUFAs. Many comparative studies revealed that marine PLs showed higher health beneficial activities compared to PLs obtained from land sources. Marine PLs are not only beneficial in containing a high amount of ω-3 PUFAs but also in absorbing and assimilating ω-3 PUFAs in different tissues. Synergistic effects of PL compounds and ω-3 PUFAs in marine PLs showed super bio-functional performances like anti-atherosis and cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunological, and liver functions. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies on the administration of marine PLs extracted from fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) level and enhanced cardioprotective functions, demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, reduced cell proliferation and tumor, increased cognitive functions and memory, and prevented hepatic damages. Therefore, this review paper provides detailed accounts on the present research status of critical biological and nutritional functions of marine ω-3 PUFAs rich phospholipids focusing on the origin, animal models, treatment, and roles.

Download Full-text

Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic Properties and Antipyretic Action of 2-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-dione and Its Derivatives.

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0021-5198(19)63548-1 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Johji Yamahara ◽

Hideki Murakami ◽

Tokunosuke Sawada ◽

Hajime Fujimura ◽

Masao Okamoto

Keyword(s):

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Antipyretic Action

Download Full-text

Nerve agents: emergency preparedness

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/jramc-2019-001380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Alan George Andrew Weir ◽

S Makin ◽

J Breeze

Keyword(s):

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Warfare Agents ◽

Nerve Agents ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Individual Agent ◽

Warfare Agents ◽

The Individual ◽

The Uk

Nerve agents (NAs) are a highly toxic group of chemical warfare agents. NAs are organophosphorus esters with varying physical and chemical properties depending on the individual agent. The most recently developed class of NA is ‘Novichok’, the existence of which was first revealed in the early 1990s, just before Russia signed the Chemical Weapons Convention. In 1984, Iraq became the first nation to deploy NA on the battlefield when they used tabun against Iranian military forces in Majnoon Island near Basra. The first terrorist use of an NA is believed to be the attack in Matsumoto, Japan, on 27 June 1994 by the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult. Symptoms and ultimate toxicity from NA poisoning are related to the agent involved, the form and degree of exposure, and rapidity of medical treatment. The classic toxidrome of significant exposure to NA comprises bronchorrhoea, bronchospasm, bradycardia and convulsions, with an onset period of as early as a few seconds depending on the mode and extent of exposure. If medical management is not instituted rapidly, death may occur in minutes by asphyxiation and cardiac arrest. In the UK, emergency preparedness for NA poisoning includes an initial operational response programme across all blue light emergency services and key first responders. This paper describes the development, pathophysiology, clinical effects and current guidance for management of suspected NA poisoning. It also summarises the known events in which NA poisoning has been confirmed.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of CDDO and CDDO-Me, Two Derivatives of Natural Triterpenoids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24224097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (22) ◽

pp. 4097 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rebecca Borella ◽

Luca Forti ◽

Lara Gibellini ◽

Anna De Gaetano ◽

Sara De Biasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cell Types ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Culture Cell ◽

Protease Inhibition ◽

Mitochondrial Functions ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Apoptotic Pathways ◽

Derivatives Of

Triterpenoids are natural compounds synthesized by plants through cyclization of squalene, known for their weak anti-inflammatory activity. 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), and its C28 modified derivative, methyl-ester (CDDO-Me, also known as bardoxolone methyl), are two synthetic derivatives of oleanolic acid, synthesized more than 20 years ago, in an attempt to enhance the anti-inflammatory behavior of the natural compound. These molecules have been extensively investigated for their strong ability to exert antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities, and to induce apoptosis and differentiation in cancer cells. Here, we discuss the chemical properties of natural triterpenoids, the pathways of synthesis and the biological effects of CDDO and its derivative CDDO-Me. At nanomolar doses, CDDO and CDDO-Me have been shown to protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress by increasing the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). At doses higher than 100 nM, CDDO and CDDO-Me are able to modulate the differentiation of a variety of cell types, both tumor cell lines or primary culture cell, while at micromolar doses these compounds exert an anticancer effect in multiple manners; by inducing extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathways, or autophagic cell death, by inhibiting telomerase activity, by disrupting mitochondrial functions through Lon protease inhibition, and by blocking the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7. CDDO-Me demonstrated its efficacy as anticancer drugs in different mouse models, and versus several types of cancer. Several clinical trials have been started in humans for evaluating CDDO-Me efficacy as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug; despite promising results, significant increase in heart failure events represented an obstacle for the clinical use of CDDO-Me.

Download Full-text