Γ-LANGUAGES AND Γ-AUTOMATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3185-3194
Author(s):  
Anjeza Krakulli
Keyword(s):  
Free Monoid ◽  
Standard Theory

The aim of this paper is to extend the notion of an automaton as a triple made of a set of states, a free monoid on some set, and an action of this monoid on the set of states, to the case where the free monoid is replaced by a free Γ-monoid, and the action is replaced by the action of this Γ-monoid on the set of states. We call the respective triple a Γ-automaton. This concept leads to another new concept, that of a Γ-language, which is a subset of a free Γ-monoid. Also, we define recognizable Γ-languages and prove that they are exactly those Γ-languages that are recognized by a finite Γ-automaton. In the end, in analogy with the standard theory, we relate the recognizability of a Γ-language with the concept of division of semigroups.

Social Networking Sites Continuance: An Application of Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Moderating Role

Social networking sites (SNSs) have become popular in India with the proliferation of Internet. SNSs have gained the interests of academicians and researchers. The current study is an endeavor to understand the continuance of social networking sites in India. The study applies an extended version of theory of planned behavior. Additional factors privacy concerns and habits were incorporated into the standard theory of planned behaviour. A survey was conducted in a Central University in India. Overall, data was collected from 150 respondents. PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed model. All the hypotheses except the moderating role of habits between intentions and continued use of social networking sites, were supported by the results. Habits were found to affect continued use of social networking sites indirectly through continued intentions.

The Standard Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Invariant Theory ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Protons And Neutrons ◽  
Free Particles ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Theory And Experiment

All ingredients of the previous chapters are combined in order to build a gauge invariant theory of the interactions among the elementary particles. We start with a unified model of the weak and the electromagnetic interactions. The gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken through the BEH mechanism and we identify the resulting BEH boson. Then we describe the theory known as quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a gauge theory of the strong interactions. We present the property of confinement which explains why the quarks and the gluons cannot be extracted out of the protons and neutrons to form free particles. The last section contains a comparison of the theoretical predictions based on this theory with the experimental results. The agreement between theory and experiment is spectacular.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Outside Corridor’s Orientation to Interior Thermal Condition at Lawang Sewu Semarang.

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Benediktus Yosef Arya Wastunimpuna ◽  
Wahyu Setia Budi ◽  
Erni Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The outside corridor of Dutch Colonial Building in Indonesia was made to make the temperature of the room more comfortable. Lawang Sewu Building in Semarang is one example of a building that has an outside corridor along the building and until now still use natural ventilation. This study focuses on finding out whether there is a difference on the thermal conditions of each room’s orientation, so after that we know the effect of orientation of the outdoor corridor to the temperature of the interior. In this study the experiment based on measurement using Heat Stress WBGT Meter for Wet Bulb Temperature, Dry Bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity, and KW0600653 Hot Wire Anemometer for the air movement. The data will be analysed using thermal standard theory to find out which point has the most comfortable thermal conditions.. At the end of this study will be found the effect of corridor’s orientation to thermal condition of the interior in Lawang Sewu Semarang.

FINITELY BASED WORDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 457-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLGA SAPIR
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Basis Property ◽  
Free Monoid ◽  
Finite Basis ◽  
Finitely Based ◽  
Finite Basis Property ◽  
Letter Alphabet ◽  
Finite Language ◽  
Rees Quotient ◽  
The Ideal

Let W be a finite language and let Wc be the closure of W under taking subwords. Let S(W) denote the Rees quotient of a free monoid over the ideal consisting of all words that are not in Wc. We call W finitely based if the monoid S(W) is finitely based. Although these semigroups have easy structure they behave "generically" with respect to the finite basis property [6]. In this paper, we describe all finitely based words in a two-letter alphabet. We also find some necessary and some sufficient conditions for a set of words to be finitely based.

Improvements to the standard theory for photoreceiver noise

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Morikuni ◽  
A. Dharchoudhury ◽  
Y. Leblebici ◽  
S.M. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Theory

Evaluativity of degree achievements and verbal prefixes: Evidence from Czech morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojmír Dočekal ◽  
Lucia Vlášková
Keyword(s):  
Standard Theory ◽  
Scalar Theory ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Puzzling Problem ◽  
The Given

Abstract The telicity behavior of degree achievements has been a puzzling problem to many linguists. The most successful and currently standard theory (Kennedy & Levin 2008) treats them as degree expressions lexicalizing different types of scales, which in turn influence the resulting evaluative or non-evaluative interpretation. While it may account for English, this theory does not hold up cross-linguistically. We challenge the scalar theory with new Slavic data and show that verbal prefixes influence the (non-)evaluative interpretation of degree achievements more than their underlying scales do. This proposal is formalised as an addition of two type shifters, morphosyntactically realised as prefixes, which, in result, have an evaluative/non-evaluative effect on the given degree achievement.

scholarly journals Disjunctive languages on a free monoid

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Shyr
Keyword(s):  
Free Monoid

scholarly journals Tree Polymers in the Infinite Volume Limit at Critical Strong Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 885-891
Author(s):  
Torrey Johnson ◽  
Edward C. Waymire
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Convergence In Probability ◽  
Infinite Volume ◽  
Weak Disorder ◽  
Branching Random Walks ◽  
Strong Disorder ◽  
Volume Limit ◽  
Specific Formula ◽  
Infinite Volume Limit

The almost-sure existence of a polymer probability in the infinite volume limit is readily obtained under general conditions of weak disorder from standard theory on multiplicative cascades or branching random walks. However, speculations in the case of strong disorder have been mixed. In this note existence of an infinite volume probability is established at critical strong disorder for which one has convergence in probability. Some calculations in support of a specific formula for the almost-sure asymptotic variance of the polymer path under strong disorder are also provided.

scholarly journals What Do We Really Know About the Winds of Massive Stars?

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S250) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
D. John Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Stellar Winds ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stellar Photosphere ◽  
Weak Winds ◽  
Ionization Balance ◽  
Loss Rates

AbstractThe standard theory of radiation driven winds has provided a useful framework to understand stellar winds arising from massive stars (O stars, Wolf-Rayet stars, and luminous blue variables). However, with new diagnostics, and advances in spectral modeling, deficiencies in our understanding of stellar winds have been thrust to the forefront of our research efforts. Spectroscopic observations and analyses have shown the importance of inhomogeneities in stellar winds, and revealed that there are fundamental discrepancies between predicted and theoretical mass-loss rates. For late O stars, spectroscopic analyses derive mass-loss rates significantly lower than predicted. For all O stars, observed X-ray fluxes are difficult to reproduce using standard shock theory, while observed X-ray profiles indicate lower mass-loss rates, the potential importance of porosity effects, and an origin surprisingly close to the stellar photosphere. In O stars with weak winds, X-rays play a crucial role in determining the ionization balance, and must be taken into account.

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