scholarly journals The Effect Of Outside Corridor’s Orientation to Interior Thermal Condition at Lawang Sewu Semarang.

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Benediktus Yosef Arya Wastunimpuna ◽  
Wahyu Setia Budi ◽  
Erni Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The outside corridor of Dutch Colonial Building in Indonesia was made to make the temperature of the room more comfortable. Lawang Sewu Building in Semarang is one example of a building that has an outside corridor along the building and until now still use natural ventilation. This study focuses on finding out whether there is a difference on the thermal conditions of each room’s orientation, so after that we know the effect of orientation of the outdoor corridor to the temperature of the interior. In this study the experiment based on measurement using Heat Stress WBGT Meter for Wet Bulb Temperature, Dry Bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity, and KW0600653 Hot Wire Anemometer for the air movement. The data will be analysed using thermal standard theory to find out which point has the most comfortable thermal conditions.. At the end of this study will be found the effect of corridor’s orientation to thermal condition of the interior in Lawang Sewu Semarang.

scholarly journals KONDISI TERMAL PADA PENGHAWAAN ALAMI DI RUANG TUNGGU UTAMA STASIUN SEMARANG TAWANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Hana Faza Surya Rusyda ◽  
Erni Setyowati ◽  
Gagoek Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Train Station ◽  
State Of Mind

Abstract:. Thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses a user's satisfaction with thermal conditions. This study focuses on the design of natural ventilation which is one of the efforts to reduce the heat that exists in the building, especially in maintaining the thermal conditions. Tawang Train Station, Semarang has a natural ventilation design that is still maintained especially in the waiting room. This study aims to determine the thermal conditions of the design of ventilation using the theory of Mom and Wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, and Olgyay chart. This research method uses quantitative and field measurements were done for 14 hours to know the movement of air, temperature, humidity. The results were then compared with the standard and the theory. It was found that thermal comfort conditions that still utilize the movement of the wind from natural ventilation in the main waiting room of Tawang Semarang Station.Keyword: Thermal Condition, Natural Ventilation, Semarang Tawang Station.Abstrak: Kenyamanan termal merupakan suatu kondisi pikir seseorang yang mengekspresikan kepuasan pengguna terhadap kondisi termal.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada desain penghawaan yang merupakan salah satu upaya mengurangi panas yang ada dalam bangunan terutama dalam menjaga kondisi termal. Stasiun Tawang Semarang, mempunyai desain penghawaan alami yang masih dipertahannkan terutama pada ruang tungguya. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi termal dari desain penghawaan dengan menggunakan teori mom dan wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, serta grafik olgyay. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dan pengukuran dilapangan dilakukan selama 14 jam untuk mengetahui pergerakan udara, temperature, kelembaban. Hasil penelitian kemudian di bandingkan dengan standar SNI, Mom & Wiseborn dan Diagram Olgyay. Ditemukan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal yang masih memanfaatkan pergerakan angin dari ventilasi alami pada ruang tunggu utama Stasiun Semarang Tawang.Kata Kunci: Kondisi Termal, Ventilasi Alami, Ruang tunggu, Stasiun Semarang Tawang

Application of a Wall-Solar Chimney for Passive Cooling of Dwellings

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Park ◽  
Francine Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Solar Chimney

Energy consumption is an important issue and has become a great concern during last the few decades, where most energy consumption is utilized for conditioning buildings. The solar chimney is a natural ventilation technique that has the potential to save energy use in buildings as well as maintain comfortable indoor quality. The objective of the current study is to examine the effects of the wall-solar chimney on airflow distribution and thermal conditions in a room. In the current work, computational fluid dynamics was used to model a solar chimney. The time-dependent conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy were solved with the k-ε turbulence equations using ANSYS Fluent. Previous literature, that utilized numerical modeling to study the solar chimney for different dimensions of chimney geometry, only considered a two-dimensional solar chimney with one-directional heat transfer. In the current study, the solar chimney was modeled three-dimensionally for a more realistic simulation of actual flow and thermal condition of the room. Experimental and numerical data from literature were used to validate the current model, and the results agreed very well. The current study showed that the flow in the solar chimney system can be either laminar or turbulent depending on the parameters of the system, and that the effect of the chimney inlet is more significant than that of the air gap on the flow regime. This study also developed a new characteristic Rayleigh number Ra* relating the chimney inlet and the air gap, which showed good consistency with the prediction of the flow regime. The investigations on Ra* and the flow regime indicated that the flow becomes turbulent for Ra* ∼ 0.8 × 108. Lastly, the potential improvements of the designs were discussed by observing the flow and thermal condition of the room.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Desain Penghawaan terhadap Kondisi Termal di Gereja Santo Petrus Sambiroto Semarang

Arsitektura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ardian Dewandaru ◽  
Wahyu Setia Budi ◽  
Gagoek Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
East Side ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Church

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Saint Peter Church Sambiroto located in the Semarang City which has tropical climate. The building has many openings like doors and bouvenlights. Currently in the east corridor are given tents to accommodate the number of congregations that exist, and on the east side the hallway is paired with banner to protect the east hallway from sun’s heat. The researcher will examine how openings play a role in creating thermal conditions in buildings. This research method uses field measurement techniques in the church regarding dry temperature, relative humidity and air movement in the church at each worship time in the morning and evening and at point where there are openings and not. After doing research, it was found that the temperature in the morning was still in a comfortable condition but at the evening temperature was above comfortable conditions. Even though all measuring points are affected by  fan, the point where has opening has low temperature than where has no opening, in the point where has banner have higher temperature than no banner. This proves that openings play a role in flowing air into the building and banners blocking the air to entering lobby and building area from the east side.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of Single-Story Air-Welled Terraced House in Malaysia: A Field Measurement Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Pau Chung Leng ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Mohd Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Dilshan Remaz Ossen ◽  
Eeydzah Aminudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Globe Temperature

The provision requirement of 10% openings of the total floor area stated in the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Malaysia is essential for natural lighting and ventilation purposes. However, focusing on natural ventilation, the effectiveness of thermal performance in landed residential buildings has never been empirically measured and proven, as most of the research emphasized simulation modeling lacking sufficient empirical validation. Therefore, this paper drawing on field measurement investigates natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system. The key concern as to what extent the current air-well system serving as a ventilator is effective to provide better thermal performance is to be addressed. By adopting an existing single-story air-welled terrace house, indoor environmental conditions and thermal performance were monitored and measured using HOBO U12 air temperature and humidity, the HOBO U12 anemometer, and the Delta Ohm HD32.3 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature meter for a six-month duration. The results show that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%. The mean air temperature for a test room (single-sided ventilation room) ranged from 28.04 °C to 30.92 °C, with a relative humidity of 70.16% to 76.00%. These empirical findings are of importance, offering novel policy insights and suggestions. Since the minimum provision of 10% openings has been revealed to be less effective to provide desirable thermal performance and comfort, mandatory compliance with and the necessity of the bylaw requirement should be revisited.

Assessment of Potential Damage Factor: A Case Study of St. Paul’s Cathedral, Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Chiradeep Basu ◽  
Subarna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Anirban Chaudhuri ◽  
Shaheen Akhtar ◽  
Akash Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Potential Damage

Damaging factors such as airborne microorganisms, relative humidity, ventilation, temperature and air pollutants are the major concerns of the tropical climate of Kolkata, India where our study site, 172-year-old St. Paul’s Cathedral is located. In this context, the aim was to develop an equation to assess the management priority and which factors would be more responsible for potentially damaging the heritage building. The temperature varied from 28°C to 31°C, relative humidity was recorded 72% over a period of 14 days in the prayer hall whereas almost constant temperature (27°C) and relative humidity (55%) were recorded in crypt. Air movement was recorded 0.5–3 m s−1 in both crypt and prayer hall. Sulphur dioxide and oxide of nitrogen concentration were lower than the standard mentioned by the Central Pollution Control Board, India. The fungal load was lower inside the crypt (237 CFU m−3) than in the prayer hall (793 CFU m−3). Calculated potential damage for prayer hall and crypt was found to be 48.75% and 37.08%, respectively. Results revealed that microbial load and relative humidity were the potent factors for damage to the building. Continuous air movement, that is, ventilation and building design here played significant roles. The Heritage Conservation Committee can use the data for better management.

scholarly journals Combined heat and mental stress alters neurovascular control in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1880-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna C. Klein ◽  
Craig G. Crandall ◽  
R. Matthew Brothers ◽  
Jason R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Time Condition ◽  
Forearm Skin

This study examined the effect of combined heat and mental stress on neurovascular control. We hypothesized that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and forearm vascular responses to mental stress would be augmented during heat stress. Thirteen subjects performed 5 min of mental stress during normothermia (Tcore; 37 ± 0°C) and heat stress (38 ± 0°C). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), MSNA, forearm vascular conductance (FVC; venous occlusion plethysmography), and forearm skin vascular conductance (SkVCf; via laser-Doppler) were analyzed. Heat stress increased heart rate, MSNA, SkVCf, and FVC at rest but did not change MAP. Mental stress increased MSNA and MAP during both thermal conditions; however, the increase in MAP during heat stress was blunted, whereas the increase in MSNA was accentuated, compared with normothermia (time × condition; P < 0.05 for both). Mental stress decreased SkVCf during heat stress but not during normothermia (time × condition, P < 0.01). Mental stress elicited similar increases in heart rate and FVC during both conditions. In one subject combined heat and mental stress induced presyncope coupled with atypical blood pressure and cutaneous vascular responses. In conclusion, these findings indicate that mental stress elicits a blunted increase of MAP during heat stress, despite greater increases in total MSNA and cutaneous vasoconstriction. The neurovascular responses to combined heat and mental stress may be clinically relevant to individuals frequently exposed to mentally demanding tasks in hyperthermic environmental conditions (i.e., soldiers, firefighters, and athletes).

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Accuracy of Natural Ventilation for Temperature, Air Flow Rate and Relative Humidity (RH) in School Building Classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Norsafiah Norazman ◽  
Adi Irfan Che Ani ◽  
Nor Haslina Ja’afar ◽  
Muhamad Azry Khoiry
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Hot Weather

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an essential matter in achieving students’ satisfaction for the learning process. Building’s orientation is a factor that may encourage sufficient natural ventilation for the classroom occupants. Inadequate ventilation is an issue for most existing classrooms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of natural ventilation in classrooms. Therefore, experimental on 20 classrooms has been conducted by using Multipurpose Meter at secondary school buildings in Malaysia. The findings indicated that the accuracy of natural ventilation testing was below the permissible limits throughout the hours monitored, thus this may cause potential health hazards to the students. Temperature and air flow rates were lower than 23 °C and 0.15 m/s respectively, it fulfilled the basic requirements as a standard learning environment. However, measurements taken showed the overall relative humidity (RH) in the classrooms can be categorized as acceptable with 40% to 70% range. On the basis of these findings, it is evident that naturally ventilated classrooms are important especially due to energy efficiency, whereas mechanical ventilation should only be installed as an alternative under extremely hot weather conditions.   

Hygrothermal Microclimate of Reconstructed Residential Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Almost All

The paper is oriented on the hygrothermal microclimate of residential interiors in reconstructed building. The questionnaire survey has showed significant increase in number of allergies, respiratory diseases and occurrence of fungi after reconstruction. In order to find causes, experimental measurements of hygrothermal microclimate were carried out. The long term high values of relative humidity were found out and the link with number of efficient natural ventilation was searched for. Ventilation once a day was usual, what was proved as insufficient. Dwellers were informed about right way and number of ventilation. Furthermore, measurements proved decrease of air humidity, but not sufficiently. It was proved that nobody was able to achieve recommended number of ventilation and almost all of them considered it annoying and unreal to sustain. The biggest problem was proved night 7 hour interval. Therefore allergic and respiratory problems were significant in the morning. In conclusions of paper is suggestion for solution of researched problem.

scholarly journals Heat stress alters hemodynamic responses during the Valsalva maneuver

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Davis ◽  
Craig G. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Arterial Blood

The Valsalva maneuver can be used as a noninvasive index of autonomic control of blood pressure and heart rate. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that sympathetic mediated vasoconstriction, as referenced by hemodynamic responses during late phase II (phase IIb) of the Valsalva maneuver, is inhibited during whole body heating. Seven individuals (5 men, 2 women) performed three Valsalva maneuvers (each at a 30-mmHg expiratory pressure for 15 s) during normothermia and again during whole body heating (increase sublingual temperature ∼0.8°C via water-perfused suit). Each Valsalva maneuver was separated by a minimum of 5 min. Beat-to-beat mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured during each Valsalva maneuver, and responses for each phase were averaged across the three Valsalva maneuvers for both thermal conditions. Baseline MAP was not significantly different between normothermic (88 ± 11 mmHg) and heat stress (84 ± 9 mmHg) conditions. The change in MAP (ΔMAP) relative to pre-Valsalva MAP during phases IIa and IIb was significantly lower during heat stress (IIa = −20 ± 8 mmHg; IIb = −13 ± 7 mmHg) compared with normothermia (IIa = −1 ± 15 mmHg; IIb = 3 ± 13 mmHg). ΔMAP from pre-Valsalva baseline during phase IV was significantly higher during heat stress (25 ± 10 mmHg) compared with normothermia (8 ± 9 mmHg). Counter to the proposed hypothesis, the increase in MAP from the end of phase IIa to the end of phase IIb during heat stress was not attenuated. Conversely, this increase in MAP tended to be greater during heat stress relative to normothermia ( P = 0.06), suggesting that sympathetic activation may be elevated during this phase of the Valsalva while heat stressed. These data show that heat stress does not attenuate this index of vasoconstrictor responsiveness during the Valsalva maneuver.

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