scholarly journals Aikuisten turvapaikanhakija- ja pakolaisasiakkaiden terapeuttisissa keskusteluissa tekemät ongelmanmäärittelyt

Kuntoutus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Olli Snellman ◽  
Jaakko Seikkula ◽  
Jarl Wahlström ◽  
Katja Kurri
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Psychotherapy Training ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Immigration Service

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin sitä, kuinka kuusi aikuista turvapaikanhakija- ja pakolaisasiakasta kuvasivat ongelmiaan terapeuttisissa keskusteluissa. Tutkimuksen kohteena ja tiedon lähteenä olivat asiakkaiden tekemät ja tulkkien suomeksi välittämät ongelmia kuvaavat ilmaukset. Terapeuttisia keskusteluita analysoimalla pyrittiin tavoittamaan ensisijaisesti se, mitä ongelmia asiakkailla on ja lisäksi se, miten nämä ongelmat heihin vaikuttavat ja mikä ongelmat aiheuttaa. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin aineistolähtöistä laadullista sisällönanalyysia. Ongelmat koskivat kotimaassa koettua epäoikeudenmukaisuutta ja kotimaassa koettujen traumaattisen kokemusten aiheuttamaa ahdistusta, tulevaisuuteen liittyviä huolia ja pelkoja, huolta läheisten tilanteesta ja siihen liittyvää syyllisyyttä sekä toimijuutta, pystyvyyttä ja elämänhallintaa. Ongelmat aiheutuivat niin kotimaassa koetusta kuin maahantulon jälkeisistä asioista. Ongelma oli yleensä monen tekijän summa. Tämän tutkimuksen löydökset eivät puolla terapeuttiseen keskusteluun mallia, jossa keskityttäisiin kategorisesti vain joko aiemmin kotimaassa tai maahantulon jälkeen koettuihin asioihin. Ongelmien koostumus vaihteli eri asiakkailla. Huoli kotimaahan palautetuksi joutumisesta tuotti yleisesti pelkoa. Kotimaassa koettu epäoikeudenmukaisuus ja petetyksi tuleminen oli kaikille asiakkaille erityisen raskas asia. Sitä oli vaikeaa tai mahdotonta unohtaa ja antaa anteeksi. AbstractAdult asylum seeker and refugee clients’ problem definitions in therapeutic conversations This study examined how six adult asylum seeker and refugee clients express their problems in therapeutic conversations. This study aimed to find out primarily what kind of problems the clients present, and also how these problems affect them and what caused the problems. The research method was inductive qualitative content analysis. Therapeutic sessions of the six clients were videotaped and the problem formulations given by the clients and as expressed by an interpreter were extracted as units of analysis. Five problem categories emerged from the analysis: experiences of injustice in home country; anxious ideations originating from past traumatic experiences; fear for the future; worries and feelings of guilt concerning relatives; and problems of self-agency, self-efficacy and life management. Both pre-migration and post-migration factors caused problems. Most often problems were caused by several interacting factors. This study do not support therapeutic conversation formats that focus solely to the issues either related to pre-migration or to post-migration stage. Different clients had different sets and compositions of problems. Fear of deportation was a common cause for fear to clients. Experiences of injustice and betrayal in the home country caused extreme distress to all clients. Such experiences were hard to forget and hard to forgive. Key words: asylum seeker, refugee, therapeutic conversation, problems, explanatory models Authors:Olli Snellman, MA, Psychotherapist, Head of Section, Finnish Immigration Service,Reception UnitJaakko Seikkula, PhD, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research CentreJarl Wahlström, PhD, Professor, emeritus, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research CentreKatja Kurri, PhD, Researcher, Psychotherapist, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research Centre

scholarly journals Linguistic, psychological and epistemic vulnerability in asylum procedures: An interdisciplinary approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Simo K Määttä ◽  
Eeva Puumala ◽  
Riitta Ylikomi
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Psychological Vulnerability ◽  
Immigration Service ◽  
Asylum Procedure ◽  
Central Forces

This article analyzes three video-recorded asylum interviews, their written records and the corresponding decisions by the Finnish Immigration Service. The goal is to identify the causes and consequences of vulnerability in instances that are particularly important when assessing whether the asylum seeker has a well-grounded fear of persecution. A combination of linguistic, psychological and epistemic perspectives on vulnerability shows that these three dimensions are closely intertwined in asylum interviews. Linguistic vulnerability is linked for the most part to interpreting, whereas psychological vulnerability stems from the difficulty in recounting traumatic experiences. Both linguistic and psychological vulnerabilities are central forces that also lead to epistemic vulnerability. Epistemic vulnerability, we claim, gives rise to certain practices within the asylum procedure, which again represents the materialization of the discourses of reporting, truth and credibility.

Spiritual Explanatory Models of Mental Illness in West Nile, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Verginer ◽  
Barbara H. Juen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Research Field ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Holistic View

Integrating indigenous cultural knowledge into conceptualizing mental illness offers highly valuable insights to better contextualize mental health. The meaning given to symptoms determines what is abnormal and requiring treatment. In Uganda, the formal health care system is neither the only nor the most widespread treatment provider. Help is often sought from traditional and religious healers, too. Despite numerous calls for cooperation between the healing systems, this has translated into reality only to a very limited degree. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into local explanatory models of mental illness, to gain an understanding of the different patients’ needs, and to develop a more comprehensive system of care. We used an ethnographic investigation approach, which allowed for a more holistic view of the research field. This was geographically delimited to the West Nile subregion in Northern Uganda. We conducted a total of 56 semistructured interviews with traditional healers ( n = 5), Christian religious healers ( n = 3), psychiatric patients ( n = 16), their attendants ( n = 16), and community members ( n = 16). In addition, we used the method of participant observation. The data collected were analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis and Grounded Theory methodology. For the purpose of this article, we exclusively extracted the spiritual explanatory models. These were spirit possession and curse. Both were traditional concepts with a religious reinterpretation involving the action of spirits.

scholarly journals Depression, resilience and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in asylum-seeker war refugees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Malliarou ◽  
Dimitra Tsapakidi ◽  
Mairi Gouva ◽  
Evaggelia Kotrotsiou ◽  
Athanasios Nikolentzos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background The number of refugees and displaced people who have been forced to migrate due to war, mass violence and political instability has reached unprecedented levels. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of depression, resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in asylum-seeker war refugees, temporally stationed in Larisa, Central Greece, through self-administered questionnaire. Simple regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way Anova was used.Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with asylum-seeker war refugees residing in Larisa at a number of apartments rented and ran by the UNHCR and the municipality of Larisa. For the data collection PHQ-9 questionnaire, CD-RISC questionnaire and Harvard Trauma questionnaire (HTQ) were used. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results A total of 64 immigrants (40 males and 23 females, 1-mssing value) agreed to participate in the research. The mean age was 35.72 (SD 7.45), 35 respondents were classified as increased PTSD (scores > 2.5). The results showed a physically and exhausted sample, with marginal mental strength (Mean = 59.38%), fluctuating between moderate (N% = 28.10%) and severe depression (N% = 28.10%). About one in two participants (N% = 54.70%) showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD, reporting traumatic experiences that mainly involved immediate events of violence, i.e. beating, while there were very few cases of sexual abuse or violence. A key factor in the formulation of PTSD, depression and Mental Stress Indicators was found to be age but limited to 43 years.Conclusion This study revealed that the refugees of the sample are tired, after being absent and idle for about 2 years from their homeland, in a marginal state of collapse. The most important event-hope that sustains its moderate resilience is the grant of asylum and the hope of arrival in the country of destination.

Inaugural Conference of the African Training and Research Centre in Administration for Development

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
Philip Mawhood
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Administrative Structures

The pace of development in Africa makes it necessary for traditional administrative structures, at all levels, to be constantly adjusted and adapted to meet fresh needs. The main objectives of C.A.F.R.A.D. (Centre africain deformation et de recherche administratives pour le développement) are to study these problems, and to encourage and assist African governments and African scholars in doing so.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Attitudes of Correctional Staff Toward ADHD—A Challenging Disorder in Everyday Prison Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Buadze ◽  
Nadine Friedl ◽  
Roman Schleifer ◽  
Susan Young ◽  
Andres Schneeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Adhd Treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with risk-taking behaviors, poor self-control, and interpersonal difficulties. Affected individuals have an increased probability of involvement with the criminal justice system, contributing to a higher rate of arrest, and imprisonment compared with the general population; they are also inadequately treated once sentenced. Because prison staff play a central role in the identification of inmates with mental disorders, they could well be key to improving provision of care. There is however little knowledge of the conceptions, perceptions, and attitudes of prison staff toward ADHD. Such information could help to identify starting points for awareness training and further implementation of specific ADHD treatment. To bridge this gap, we undertook a study based on a qualitatively-driven mixed methods design, combining qualitative data collection in the form of narrative interviews with 19 prison staff from a Swiss correctional facility with quantitative data collection in the form of a survey that included the Attitudes toward Prisoners scale. The interviews were analyzed with QSR NVIVO 11 and a qualitative content analysis approach was used to evaluate findings. Prison staff were generally aware of ADHD and its symptomology, believing it to a be “real,” but “fashionable” disorder and favoring hereditary-genetic or biological explanatory models for its development. They viewed inmates with ADHD rather negatively, as complicating correctional efforts, and perceived them as sticking out, as tying up more resources and as frequently being involved in confrontations. Our findings suggest that difficulties in pragmatic aspects of communication and language comprehension may be perceived “as not listening or following instructions,” creating additional tensions. Consequently, inmates with ADHD are more often exposed to disciplinary sanctions, such as solitary confinement—an intervention deemed “necessary” by staff. Therefore, staff training on ADHD might need to cover evidence on adverse effects. Non-pharmacological interventions for treatment were preferred and considered to be highly efficacious. Skepticism toward pharmacological treatment prevailed, even when benefits from stimulant medication were described. Interestingly, this skepticism was not the result of negative experiences with the misuse and diversion of stimulants. Acceptance of multimodal treatment among prison staff may require customized strategies.

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