Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake of Preschool Children in Day -Care Centers

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one–four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1 bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg−1 bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1 bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child’s Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.

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Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24-Hour Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

10.20944/preprints201806.0487.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Nogueira Leroux ◽

Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira ◽

Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽

Tatiana Pedron ◽

Fernanda Junqueira Salles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Class 1 ◽

Route Of Exposure ◽

Health Organization

Lead, a metal with high neurotoxicity to children; cadmium, a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant and arsenic; a class 1 carcinogenic, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bioaccessible fraction of lead, cadmium and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from 2 day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 1–4-year-old children from 2 DCCs, where the 24-hour duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bioaccessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg −1bw and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (European Union, EU, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable), except for one child’s Pb intake. Bioaccessibilities ranged between 0–93%, 0–103% and 0–69%, for lead, cadmium and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TI, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn, as it was the case for lead and arsenic, whose tolerable limits were withdrawn by WHO.

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Endemic Giardiasis and Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.72.2.154 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

David P. Sealy ◽

Stanley H. Schuman

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Care Setting ◽

First Grade ◽

Rural County ◽

White Children ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Stool Specimens

Five surveys of 1,731 children for stool ova and parasites (1971 to 1981) in a rural county provide a unique perspective on naturally occurring, nonepidemic giardiasis. Currently white children in day care centers in Hampton County, South Carolina, experience attack rates of 26%. They enter the first grade with at least six times as much infection as those who do not attend day care. A trend toward more giardiasis linked to working mothers and day care is evident among white preschool children. This has not yet occurred among black preschool-aged children. These and other epidemiologic data indicate that as few as 100 children can maintain endemic levels of infection in a county of 18,000 residents. Person-to-person transmission in the day care setting is sufficient to explain this county's rising rate of stool positivity of infection (8% of all stool specimens submitted to the state laboratory).

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