Endemic Giardiasis and Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
David P. Sealy ◽  
Stanley H. Schuman
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Rural County ◽  
White Children ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Stool Specimens

Five surveys of 1,731 children for stool ova and parasites (1971 to 1981) in a rural county provide a unique perspective on naturally occurring, nonepidemic giardiasis. Currently white children in day care centers in Hampton County, South Carolina, experience attack rates of 26%. They enter the first grade with at least six times as much infection as those who do not attend day care. A trend toward more giardiasis linked to working mothers and day care is evident among white preschool children. This has not yet occurred among black preschool-aged children. These and other epidemiologic data indicate that as few as 100 children can maintain endemic levels of infection in a county of 18,000 residents. Person-to-person transmission in the day care setting is sufficient to explain this county's rising rate of stool positivity of infection (8% of all stool specimens submitted to the state laboratory).

CARIES-EXPERIENCE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED DAY-CARE CENTERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Conti ◽  
Kevin T. Avery ◽  
Darryl Downing
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Day Care Centers

scholarly journals Preschool children and excess weight: the impact of a low complexity intervention in public day care centers

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Gabriela Nascimento ◽  
Janaína Paula Costa da Silva ◽  
Thais Costa Machado ◽  
Ciro João Bertoli ◽  
Vitor Engrácia Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
The Impact

Prospective Surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in Dallas County, Texas, and in Minnesota

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Trudy V. Murphy ◽  
Michael T. Osterholm ◽  
Lynne M. Pierson ◽  
Karen E. White ◽  
J. A. Breedlove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
White Children ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Dallas County

Among children less than 12 years of age residing in Dallas County, Texas, and in the state of Minnesota we conducted prospective, active surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease. During 18 months, 616 cases were identified, of which 600 were caused by type b organisms. The annual incidence of disease was significantly greater in Dallas than in Minnesota (109 v 68/100,000 children younger than 5 years of age, P < .001) and was greater in Dallas, even when rates for white children in the two regions were compared (P < .001). Other regional differences were observed. In Dallas, a larger proportion of cases were in children attending day-care centers (27% compared with 12% in Minnesota, P < .001) and more patients attended day care for greater than 40 h/wk (56% compared with 30% in Minnesota, P < .001). Outer membrane protein subtyping of isolates revealed that in Dallas 6U isolates were associated significantly with cases in black children who attended day care. In Minnesota, but not in Dallas, isolates with subtype 1H were associated significantly with cases in children in day care. These data indicate that there are regional differences in the epidemiology of type b Haemophilus disease that may relate to differences in strains, day-care practices, or other unknown cultural or environmental factors. Finally, because only 15% of systemic Haemophilus disease in these regions occurred in children in the age groups recommended for vaccination (24 to 59 months), the new Haemophilus type b polysaccharide vaccine is expected to have a limited impact on the overall incidence of disease.

scholarly journals Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Nogueira Leroux ◽  
Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽  
Tatiana Pedron ◽  
Fernanda Junqueira Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Health Organization

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one–four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1 bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg−1 bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1 bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child’s Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.

scholarly journals Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24-Hour Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Nogueira Leroux ◽  
Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽  
Tatiana Pedron ◽  
Fernanda Junqueira Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Health Organization

Lead, a metal with high neurotoxicity to children; cadmium, a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant and arsenic; a class 1 carcinogenic, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bioaccessible fraction of lead, cadmium and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from 2 day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 1–4-year-old children from 2 DCCs, where the 24-hour duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bioaccessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg −1bw and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (European Union, EU, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable), except for one child’s Pb intake. Bioaccessibilities ranged between 0–93%, 0–103% and 0–69%, for lead, cadmium and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TI, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn, as it was the case for lead and arsenic, whose tolerable limits were withdrawn by WHO.

scholarly journals Longitudinal testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in day care centers in Hesse, Germany, during increased local incidence and with VOC Alpha as dominant variant: Results of the SAFE KiDS 2 and SAFE KiDS 3 study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Schenk ◽  
Sebastian Hoehl ◽  
Olga Rudych ◽  
Emilie Kreutzer ◽  
Dominic Menger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
The Impact

In the summer of 2020, we investigated the rate of inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a representative sample of day care centers from Hesse, Germany, and found a low positivity rate during a period of low local community spread. To investigate the influence of a high local incidence setting, we conducted the SAFE KiDS 2 study. 577 children and 334 staff members of 47 daycare centers were tested for respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, and three infections with SARS-CoV-2 in the infectious period were detected. We conclude that viral shedding occurred infrequently while the original "wild-type" variant was dominant. The more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha (B.1.1.7) became the dominant strain after the SAFE KiDS 2 was concluded. The SAFE KiDS 3 study investigated the impact of the Alpha variant of SARS-Co-2 on inapparent viral shedding in the day care setting. In this study, 756 children and 226 staff members from 46 day care centers provided self-collected saliva swabs, the so-called "Lollipop" swabs, which were tested by RT-PCR. In the four-week study period, none of the participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, demonstrating that inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the day care setting was also rare during the dominance of the Alpha variant. The influence of the variant of concern Delta on day care centers has yet to be examined.

Stool Survey of Asymptomatic Diapered Children in Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1027
Author(s):  
Michele M. Ginsberg ◽  
Kathleen Keenan ◽  
Muriel Thompson ◽  
Bronwen Anders
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Stool Cultures

A survey of diaper-wearing children in community-day-care centers was conducted by the San Diego Department of Health Services during the period February-April 1986 to determine the presence of enteric pathogens in asymptomatic children. Written consent to collect stool samples from diapers was obtained from parents of children at four preschools. No reportable enteric diseases or outbreaks had occurred at the schools in the preceding year. For each child, the preschool teachers maintained a record of symptoms (eg, diarrhea, fever) during the week of stool collection. Stool specimens were collected from 63 diapered children. The samples were examined for parasites and cultured for bacteria and viruses. Giardia lamblia was identified in 18% to 32% of stool samples collected from children at three of the four centers. Prevalence of Giardia varied with the age of the child (0% age <12 months to 33% age <23 months). Microscopic examinations for Cryptosporidium and pathogenic amoeba were negative. Stool cultures were negative for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. The prevalence of adenoviruses identified by viral cultures ranged from 32% to 80% at four sites. Echovirus was isolated from 36% of samples at one center. All stools were negative for rotavirus. Giardia was identified in the stools of 22% of children in day care in the absence of diarrhea or of concurrent illness. These findings indicate that asymptomatic infection with Giardia occurs commonly among children attending day-care centers. The lack of any documented outbreak or symptoms of enteric disease among attendees suggests that these asymptomatic children with Giardia need not be excluded from day care.

scholarly journals TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANT (TMPR) E. COLI IN STOOL SPECIMENS FROM CHILDREN IN DAY CARE CENTERS (DCC)

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 332A-332A
Author(s):  
Randall R Reves ◽  
Barbara E Murray ◽  
Mina Fong ◽  
Larry K Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Specimens

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Giardia lamblia serum antibody among children of day care centers

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semíramis Guimarães ◽  
Maria Inês L Sogayar
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens

OBJETIVES: To detect anti-Giardia lamblia serum antibodies in healthy children attending public day care centers and to assess serological tests as tools for estimating the prevalence of G. lamblia in endemic areas. METHODS: Three separate stool specimens and filter paper blood samples were collected from 147 children ranging from 0 to 6 years old. Each stool sample was processed using spontaneous sedimentation and zinc sulfate flotation methods. Blood samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Giardia IgG. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 147 individuals tested, 93 (63.3%) showed Giardia cysts in their feces. Using IIF and ELISA, serum antibodies were detected in 93 (63.3%) and 100 (68%) samples , respectively. Sensitivity of IIF and ELISA was 82% and 72%, respectively. However, ELISA revealed to be less specific (39%) than IIF (70%). IIF also showed a higher concordance with microscopic examination than ELISA.

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