Preschool children and excess weight: the impact of a low complexity intervention in public day care centers

The growing use of child day-care centers (CDCCs) has produced a significant rise in morbidity due to infectious diseases which carry such consequences as discomfort, disability, and parental anxiety.1,2 Haskins conservatively estimated the cost of day-care illnesses among children to be $1.8 billion.3 To this must be added the cost of parents' and care givers' excess illness attributable to CDCCs. No published study describes a successful intervention to reduce the risk of upper respiratory disease in CDCCs. Although many research groups have advocated hand washing and diapering hygiene as a means of reducing the spread of enteric disease in CDCCs,4-11 there are only two controlled studies in the literature. In their pioneering work, Black et al showed the incidence of diarrhea in CDCCs following a rigorously monitored hand-washing program to be nearly twice that in intervention centers.12 Bartlett et al monitored the impact of hand washing in randomly assigned CDCCs and found no intervention effect. However, rates of diarrhea were significantly lower among children in the actively monitored centers regardless of intervention status.13 These studies share several limitations: the sources of incidence data were not blinded to center intervention status, the analyses did not statistically control for potential confounders, and non-independence of multiple diarrhea episodes in the same child were not accounted for. The purposes of our study were to develop a feasible, multicomponent hygienic intervention and to carefully measure its impact while controlling for sources of bias. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or any of the other co-sponsors of this conference.

Download Full-text

CARIES-EXPERIENCE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED DAY-CARE CENTERS

Journal of Public Health Dentistry ◽

10.1111/j.1752-7325.1974.tb04017.x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 235-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anthony J. Conti ◽

Kevin T. Avery ◽

Darryl Downing

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Day Care Centers

Download Full-text

Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

10.20944/preprints201806.0487.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Nogueira Leroux ◽

Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira ◽

Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽

Tatiana Pedron ◽

Fernanda Junqueira Salles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

International Agency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Class 1 ◽

Route Of Exposure ◽

Health Organization

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one–four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1 bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg−1 bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1 bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child’s Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.

Download Full-text

Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24-Hour Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

10.20944/preprints201806.0487.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Nogueira Leroux ◽

Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira ◽

Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽

Tatiana Pedron ◽

Fernanda Junqueira Salles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Class 1 ◽

Route Of Exposure ◽

Health Organization

Lead, a metal with high neurotoxicity to children; cadmium, a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant and arsenic; a class 1 carcinogenic, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bioaccessible fraction of lead, cadmium and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from 2 day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 1–4-year-old children from 2 DCCs, where the 24-hour duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bioaccessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg −1bw and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (European Union, EU, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable), except for one child’s Pb intake. Bioaccessibilities ranged between 0–93%, 0–103% and 0–69%, for lead, cadmium and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TI, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn, as it was the case for lead and arsenic, whose tolerable limits were withdrawn by WHO.

Download Full-text

Longitudinal testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in day care centers in Hesse, Germany, during increased local incidence and with VOC Alpha as dominant variant: Results of the SAFE KiDS 2 and SAFE KiDS 3 study

10.1101/2021.06.29.21259633 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Schenk ◽

Sebastian Hoehl ◽

Olga Rudych ◽

Emilie Kreutzer ◽

Dominic Menger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Care Setting ◽

Local Community ◽

Infectious Period ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Staff Members ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Daycare Centers ◽

Alpha Variant ◽

The Impact

In the summer of 2020, we investigated the rate of inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a representative sample of day care centers from Hesse, Germany, and found a low positivity rate during a period of low local community spread. To investigate the influence of a high local incidence setting, we conducted the SAFE KiDS 2 study. 577 children and 334 staff members of 47 daycare centers were tested for respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, and three infections with SARS-CoV-2 in the infectious period were detected. We conclude that viral shedding occurred infrequently while the original "wild-type" variant was dominant. The more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha (B.1.1.7) became the dominant strain after the SAFE KiDS 2 was concluded. The SAFE KiDS 3 study investigated the impact of the Alpha variant of SARS-Co-2 on inapparent viral shedding in the day care setting. In this study, 756 children and 226 staff members from 46 day care centers provided self-collected saliva swabs, the so-called "Lollipop" swabs, which were tested by RT-PCR. In the four-week study period, none of the participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, demonstrating that inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the day care setting was also rare during the dominance of the Alpha variant. The influence of the variant of concern Delta on day care centers has yet to be examined.

Download Full-text

Taking Care of Preschool Children Who Experience Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa ◽

Michael Brink

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Day Care ◽

Current Model ◽

Critical Role ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

The Impact ◽

Formal School

Background Children ages 5 years and younger have the highest incidence of emergency department visits for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are most at risk for the effects of a TBI. Because they are not yet enrolled in formal school, there is not a direct pathway from health care to school that can offer a pathway for monitoring and care. The purpose of this article is to describe existing literature on preschool children with TBI and illustrate a model of care in the community for this population. Method Literature review and model program description were performed in this study. Findings Preschool children are typically seen annually for well visits by their pediatricians who can inquire about a TBI history and make appropriate referrals. Children in this age group are likely to be enrolled in day care and preschool settings where screenings and evaluations are conducted for parent and teacher concerns. A current model operating in Pennsylvania and Colorado is promising for identifying and serving children. Additional resources in existing systems can also help children obtain school supports. Discussion Children who experience a TBI prior to formal school entry are most likely to be in existing systems of health care and preschool/day care that can ask about a child's TBI history and screen for the impact of the TBI. Speech-language pathologists, who serve many existing systems where preschool children attend school and day care, can play a critical role in assessment and needs identification for preschool children.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake of Preschool Children in Day -Care Centers

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.7.1008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1008-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Food And Nutrient Intake

Download Full-text

Endemic Giardiasis and Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.72.2.154 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

David P. Sealy ◽

Stanley H. Schuman

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Day Care ◽

Care Setting ◽

First Grade ◽

Rural County ◽

White Children ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Stool Specimens

Five surveys of 1,731 children for stool ova and parasites (1971 to 1981) in a rural county provide a unique perspective on naturally occurring, nonepidemic giardiasis. Currently white children in day care centers in Hampton County, South Carolina, experience attack rates of 26%. They enter the first grade with at least six times as much infection as those who do not attend day care. A trend toward more giardiasis linked to working mothers and day care is evident among white preschool children. This has not yet occurred among black preschool-aged children. These and other epidemiologic data indicate that as few as 100 children can maintain endemic levels of infection in a county of 18,000 residents. Person-to-person transmission in the day care setting is sufficient to explain this county's rising rate of stool positivity of infection (8% of all stool specimens submitted to the state laboratory).

Download Full-text