scholarly journals The D614G Mutation in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Glycoprotein: A MiniReport

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein

scholarly journals Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Tandon ◽  
Joshua S. Sharp ◽  
Fuming Zhang ◽  
Vitor H. Pomin ◽  
Nicole M. Ashpole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Transduction Efficiency ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The Impact

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of historic proportions and continues to spread globally, with enormous consequences to human health. Currently there is no vaccine, effective therapeutic or prophylactic. Like other betacoronaviruses, attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by the spike glycoprotein (SGP). In addition to its well-documented interaction with its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), SGP has been found to bind to glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulfate, which is found on the surface of virtually all mammalian cells. Here, we pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 SGP on a third generation lentiviral (pLV) vector and tested the impact of various sulfated polysaccharides on transduction efficiency in mammalian cells. The pLV vector pseudotyped SGP efficiently and produced high titers on HEK293T cells. Various sulfated polysaccharides potently neutralized pLV-S pseudotyped virus with clear structure-based differences in anti-viral activity and affinity to SGP. Concentration-response curves showed that pLV-S particles were efficiently neutralized by a range of concentrations of unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin, 6-O-desulfated UFH and 6-O-desulfated enoxaparin with an IC50 of 5.99 μg/L, 1.08 mg/L, 1.77 μg/L, and 5.86 mg/L respectively. In summary, several sulfated polysaccharides show potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and can be developed for prophylactic as well as therapeutic purposes. Importance The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and its subsequent spread to the rest of the world has created a pandemic situation unprecedented in modern history. While ACE2 has been identified as the viral receptor, cellular polysaccharides have also been implicated in virus entry. The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SGP) binds to glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulfate, which is found on the surface of virtually all mammalian cells. Here, we report structure-based differences in anti-viral activity and affinity to SGP for several sulfated polysaccharides, including both well-characterized FDA-approved drugs and novel marine sulfated polysaccharides, which can be developed for prophylactic as well as therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 4240-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Simmons ◽  
J. D. Reeves ◽  
A. J. Rennekamp ◽  
S. M. Amberg ◽  
A. J. Piefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein

scholarly journals Immunoinformatics-Guided Designing of an Epitope-Based Vaccine against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Spike Glycoprotein

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rakib ◽  
Saad Ahmed Sami ◽  
Arkajyoti Paul ◽  
Asif Shahriar ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Class I ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Strong Base

Currently, with a large number of fatality rates, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a potential threat to human health worldwide. It has been well-known that severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 and World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the contagious disease as a global pandemic. Researchers from different parts of the world amalgamate together inquest of remedies for this deadly virus. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the spike glycoprotein (SGP) of SARS-CoV-2 is the mediator behind the entrance into the host cells. Our group has comprehensibly analyzed the SGP of SARS-CoV-2 through multiple sequence analysis along with the phylogenetic analysis. Further, this research work predicted the most immunogenic epitopes for both B-cell and T-cell. Notably, we focused mainly on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I potential peptides and predicted two epitopes; WTAGAAAYY and GAAAYYVGY, that bind with the MHC class I alleles which are further validated by molecular docking analysis. Furthermore, this study also proposed that the selected epitopes were shown availability in a greater range of the population. Hence, our study comes up with a strong base for the implementation of designing novel vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, however adequate laboratory works will need to be conducted for the appropriate application.

Antiviral Drug Design Based on the Opening Mechanism of Spike Glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruichao Mao ◽  
Lihua Bie ◽  
Maofeng Xu ◽  
Xiaocong Wang ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cell after the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus spike (S) glycoprotein binding to the human angiotensin-converting...

scholarly journals Effect of RBD (Y453F) mutation in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on neutralizing IgG affinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Nobuo Yaegashi ◽  
Ikuo Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein

AbstractBackgroundInfection with receptor binding domain (RBD) mutant (Y453F) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from farmed minks is known to widely spread among humans.MethodsWe investigated the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Y453F mutant using three- dimensional structural analysis. We investigated the effect of the RBD Y453F mutant of SARS-CoV- 2 on neutralizing antibodies in serum derived from Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients.ResultsOur studies suggest that virus variants with RBD Y453F mutation partially escaped detection by four neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in serum.ConclusionsConsequently, raising a concern that infection of SARS-CoV-2 mutants that cause serious symptoms in humans may spread globally.

scholarly journals Neutralizing response against E484K variant after original SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Nobuo Yaegashi ◽  
Ikuo Konishi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Neutralization Response

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which are spreading in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere, have been found in infected individuals in Japan. The virus mutates, to facilitate its life in the host, during the process of repeated proliferation in the body of the host, including humans. In other words, it is natural that a human-compatible mutant strain always predominates in infection and proliferation. As a result, the viral mutants acquire strong proliferative potential in the host and are highly pathogenic. The number of people infected with the mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant E484K, which is different from the SARS-CoV-2 variants that are spreading in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil, is increasing in Tokyo. It has been pointed out that the effects of immunity and vaccines may be reduced against the Tokyo-type SARS-CoV-2 variant E484K. We have investigated the neutralization response to various mutations in the spike glycoprotein using the serum of people already infected with the original SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants with Y543F or N501Y mutations in the spike glycoprotein affect the neutralization reaction. However, single E484K mutations within the spiked glycoprotein of the Tokyo-type SARS-CoV-2 variant are unlikely to have a significant effect on the affinity of the host antibody for the virus.

scholarly journals Immunobioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic tree construction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Indonesia: spike glycoprotein gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori ◽  
Viol Dhea Kharisma ◽  
Yulanda Antonius ◽  
Martia Rani Tacharina ◽  
Fedik Abdul Rantam
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Construction ◽  
Tree Construction

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide and as a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. At present, there are no approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict epitope-based vaccines using bioinformatics approaches and phylogenetic tree construction of SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we employed 27 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes retrieved from GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) and the GISAID EpiCoV™ Database (Germany). We analyzed the candidate epitopes using the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Furthermore, we performed a protective antigen prediction with VaxiJen 2.0. Data for B-cell epitope prediction, protective antigen prediction, and the underlying phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained in this research. Therefore, these data could be used to design an epitope-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, the advanced study is recommended for confirmation (in vitro and in vivo).

scholarly journals Reduced antibody cross-reactivity following infection with B.1.1.7 than with parental SARS-CoV-2 strains

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Faulkner ◽  
Kevin W Ng ◽  
Mary Y Wu ◽  
Ruth Harvey ◽  
Marios Margaritis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Background: The degree of heterotypic immunity induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains is a major determinant of the spread of emerging variants and the success of vaccination campaigns, but remains incompletely understood.Methods: We examined the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha) that arose in the United Kingdom and spread globally. We determined titres of spike glycoprotein-binding antibodies and authentic virus neutralising antibodies induced by B.1.1.7 infection to infer homotypic and heterotypic immunity.Results: Antibodies elicited by B.1.1.7 infection exhibited significantly reduced recognition and neutralisation of parental strains or of the South Africa variant B.1.351 (Beta) than of the infecting variant. The drop in cross-reactivity was significantly more pronounced following B.1.1.7 than parental strain infection.Conclusions: The results indicate that heterotypic immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 variants is asymmetric.

scholarly journals GxxxG Motif of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Transmembrane Domain Is Not Involved in Trimerization and Is Not Important for Entry

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (15) ◽  
pp. 8352-8355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Corver ◽  
Rene Broer ◽  
Puck van Kasteren ◽  
Willy Spaan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Gxxxg Motif

ABSTRACT Recently, a paper was published in which it was proposed that the GxxxG motif of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike (S) protein transmembrane domain plays a vital role in oligomerization of the protein (E. Arbely, Z. Granot, I. Kass, J. Orly, and I. T. Arkin, Biochemistry 45:11349-11356, 2006). Here, we show that the GxxxG motif is not involved in SARS S oligomerization by trimerization analysis of S GxxxG mutant proteins. In addition, the capability of S to mediate entry of SARS S-pseudotyped particles overall was affected moderately in the mutant proteins, also arguing for a nonvital role for the GxxxG motif in SARS coronavirus entry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document