Multi drugs resistance to Diabetes Mellitus patients with tuberculosis in Manado City

Diabetes mellitus (DM) with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease if not educated regularly, there will be a high risk of drug resistance and even some anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study aims to identify anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in DM patients with TB in Manado City. The population in the study types 2 DM patients as amount 80 patients. Based on TCM/GenExpert examination from 47 respondents, there were 17 respondents positive multi drugs resistance rifampicin (RR). Sampling taking based on inclusion criteria, i.e., have had type DM for five years, had suffered TB MDR RR based on GenXpert examination as much as 17 respondents followed in the resistance test with Sputum TB culture and MGIT method. The result of the study showed that MDR DM-TB with MGIT method as followed is obtained from 17 samples, six samples (35.30%) resistance INH 0.4 mg and 1 sample (5.88%) MDR canamycin, and still sensitive INH 0.4 mg and camaycin is ten samples (58.82%). This study results could be used to program planning of prevention and controlling efforts TB-DM in this treatment obedience and regimen anti-tuberculosis medicine for MDR-TB patients.

Air-Dried and Wet Fixation on Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Specimen

Kualitas pewarnaan Diff-Quick bergantung pada beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah metode fiksasi yaitu fiksasi kering dan fiksasi basah. Kedua metode tersebut memiliki kekurangannya masing-masing, fiksasi kering dapat menyebabkan pecahnya sel sedangkan fiksasi basah lebih memakan waktu dan biaya dalam pengerjaannya, namun fiksasi kering lebih sering digunakan karena lebih cepat dan murah. Tujuan penelitian untuk membandingkan hasil pewarnaan Diff-Quick sediaan sitologi yang difiksasi dengan metode fiksasi kering dan metode fiksasi basah. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen. Sampel diperoleh dari RS K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro Semarang berjumlah 36 sediaan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok fiksasi kering, dan kelompok fiksasi basah. Ketiga kelompok tersebut diwarnai dengan Diff-Quick. Pewarnaan sediaan fiksasi kering memberikan hasil 4 sediaan kurang baik, 5 sediaan baik, dan 3 sediaan sangat baik sedangkan pewarnaan sediaan fiksasi basah memberikan hasil 0 sediaan kurang baik, 8 sediaan baik, dan 4 sediaan sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan hasil pewarnaan sediaan yang difiksasi basah memiliki kualitas yang cenderung lebih baik dan lebih konsisten dibanding hasil pewarnaan sediaan fiksasi kering. Meskipun secara statistik melalui uji Post-Hoc menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan, kualitas pewarnaan Diff-Quick sediaan sitologi yang difiksasi dengan metode fiksasi basah lebih baik dari pada fiksasi kering.

Digital communication in health promotion in handling tuberculosis sputum

The Covid-19 pandemic that has caught the attention of not only Indonesia but the rest of the world. The 3M movement, namely using masks, washing hands and keeping a distance to minimize the transmission of tuberculosis, is very useful for the eradication of TB tuberculosis. However, this is a challenge in itself for microscopic officers at the Microscopic Reference Center (MRC) in education and handling of sputum for tuberculosis patients who are currently being treated. The purpose of this study was to test VisKomLAM 1, 2, 3 and 4 in bridging communication between officers in sputum management education for tuberculosis sufferers at each examination during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research locations took MRC Tuminting, Wawonasa and Tikala Baru in Manado City and MRC Telaga in Gorontalo District. Analysis with paired t test showed a significance below 5%, which means that VisKomLAM 1, 2, 3 and 4 can bridge education from officers to tuberculosis sufferers in the Covid-19 pandemic era. It is recommended that health workers always strive to promote tuberculosis health in achieving tuberculosis elimination by 2050.

Does gender affect immune response in HIV patients?

Gender differences affect the frequency and course of many diseases. This study aimed to determine the gender distribution in HIV-infected patients and investigate the relationship between gender and immune response. The study included HIV-infected patients who followed up in our hospital in 2018. The patients were divided into HIV RNA negative patients (Group 1) and HIV RNA positive patients (Group 2). Patients with diseases that may affect the immune system and those using drugs that affect the immune system were excluded from the study. The evaluation was made of 549 patients, as 305 patients (45 females 14.75%) in Group 1 and 224 patients (23 females, 9.43%) in Group 2. When the CD4/CD8 ratio of male and female patients was compared in both groups, a lower rate was determined in females (0.71-0.58) than males (0.82-0.93). A negative correlation was determined between HIV RNA and the CD4/CD8 ratio in premenopausal females (p=0.045) and males (≤45 years p=0.0001). Clinical studies of HIV infection have demonstrated better initial viremia control in females with primary infection, faster disease progression, and stronger immune activation than males for the same level of viral replication.

Molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease in Caulerpa racemosa

Caulerpa racemosa is a green algae consumed by people in northern coastal areas. C. racemosa has a habitat attached to the shallow seabed. C. racemosa usualy consumed fresh without any cooking process so that the contamination of microorganisms can be eaten. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA is needed to determine the type of bacterial contaminants in C. racemosa. The isolates of C. racemosa were cultured in HIA, BAP, and BHI media. Bacteria from BHI media were isolated by DNA, PCR for 16S rRNA gene, and sequencing. Bacteria isolate C. racemosa was found to have the α-hemolytic ability in BAP media. The sequencing analysis showed that the three bacterial colonies of C. racemosa isolate had high similarity with V. parahemolyticus, Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus, and Exiguobacterium profundum.

Evaluation of favipiravir treatment before intensive care in COVID-19 patients

The purpose of this study is to investigate the healing effect of Favipiravir used in pre-intensive care treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in order to elucidate the pathogenesis and complications of coronavirus. The data regarding the clinical findings of the patients in the hospital information system and the biochemical parameters made standard in the treatment/follow-up of COVID 19 were taken from the system and evaluated retrospectively. In addition, it was examined as a whole with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary involvement compared to CT findings. Hemogram, coagulation and biochemistry parameters used in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 statistics program for Windows was used in statistical analysis to evaluate the data obtained from patient files and hospital information system. There is no definitive treatment protocol within the scope of treatment. Drug studies are currently ongoing. In this study, the first clinical findings, treatment types and recovery times of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the healing effect of favipiravir used before intensive care were determined. Between group 1 (those who started treatment within 0-5 days) and group 2 (those who started treatment within 6-10 days), after 5 days of favipravir treatment, when serum parameters were compared, favipravir treatment was statistically significantly lower in the first group that was started early, WBC, Neutrophil, Creatine, CK, CRP, D-Dimer, PCT, LDH. By collecting the data obtained as a result of the research, early deaths can be prevented worldwide. Our study recommending alternative treatment approaches is important for the protection of patients' quality of life. In this study, when all biochemical markers were evaluated together, it was evaluated that starting Favipiravir treatment early was beneficial in treating COVID-19 disease.

Conserved B-cell epitope identification of envelope glycoprotein (GP120) HIV-1 to develop multi-strain vaccine candidate through bioinformatics approach

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been identified from US patients since 1981. AIDS is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which is a retrovirus. HIV-1 gp120 can be recognized by the immune system because it is located outside the virion. The conserved region is identified in gp120, and it is recognized by an immune cell which then initiates specific immune responses, viral mutation escape, and increase vaccine protection coverage, a benefit derived from the conserved region-based vaccine design. However, previous researchers have little knowledge on this conserved region as a target for vaccine design. This paper explains how the conserved region of gp120 HIV-1 is a major target for vaccine design through a bioinformatics approach. The conserved region from gp120 was explored as a vaccine design target with a bioinformatics tool that consists of B-cell epitope mapping, vaccine properties, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation. The peptide vaccine candidate of B5 with the gp120 HIV-1 conserved region was found to provoke B-cell activation through a direct pathway, produce specific antibody, and increase protection from multi-strain viral infection.

Absolute leukocytes count and NLR as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for severity of COVID-19 infection

The current COVID-19 pandemic challenges not only the lack of awareness of the disease, but also the rapid diagnosis, the prediction of severe early disease, the clinical characterization of mortality and severity of patients, and the effective management that affects the global scale, resulting in low capacities of healthcare systems, the resilience of systems and global economics. Therefore, early differential diagnosis and prediction of SARS-COV-2 infection severity are needed. CRP and NLR are diagnostic markers commonly used, most available, effective, and economically used primarily to evaluate the ongoing systemic inflammatory response.

A simple method for isolation of rest of trypsinized stem cells with magnetic beads

Till now, there is no laboratory in the world, which makes thoughts that there may be still stem cells remaining in the flasks after the trypsin treatment. The user checks the presence of stem cells during trypsinization with the microscope whether the whole population of stem cells has been collected. Magnetic beads are being used around the world to isolate different kinds of cells like CD4, CD8, CD34, and other cells. One of the advantages of magnetic isolation is that they can be used to isolate cells from solutions containing even a low number of targeted cells. We conducted the experiments to see whether all remaining MSC can be obtained from a trypsin-treated flask with magnetic beads isolation. During the magnetic isolation with CD90 specific Magnetic beads, it was found under the microscope that there are huge numbers of cells being attached to beads. The results indicate that there are still a huge number of rest cells in the trypsinized flask but most of the users think that they have isolated all cells, which is not true and they are throwing away valuable stem cells. The magnetic beads can be used to isolate the rest of MSC because for many applications, there is a need of the largest number of stem cells for conducting studies like flow cytometry, molecular testing along with pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Identification of molecular markers for type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Sidoarjo, Indonesia

T2DM can be triggered by two collaborating factors, namely genetics and the environment. This study aimed to identify genetic markers that can be used to detect the possibility of a person having T2D using the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) method. The study was carried out cross-sectional and involved 60 samples consisting of 30 positive T2D samples and 30 negative samples T2D. The primer used for PCR-RAPD was D20 (5'-ACCCGGTCAC-3’). The PCR-RAPD results were then analyzed using the scoring method and analyzed using the non-parametric Chi-Square test (cl: 95%). Among T2D, 576 bp band were confirmed to be markers in the patients.