scholarly journals Deterioration of signal detectability during a vigilance task as a function of background event rate

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 421-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Mackworth
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Background Event ◽  
Signal Detectability

Effects of Background Event Rate and Critical Signal Amplitude on Vigilance Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt R. Metzger ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Roderick J. Senter
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Background Event ◽  
Critical Signal

Ss monitored a display consisting of the repetitive presentation of pairs of movements of a bar of light. A neutral background event, for which no overt response was required, was a double deflection of 24 mm. The critical signal for detection was a longer deflection in the second movement within an event. Detection probability was greater for incremental excursions of 33% relative to 8.3% of the base movement. This effect was enhanced twofold when the event rate in which the signals were embedded was 21 as compared to 6 events/min. The results are considered in terms of the elicited observing rate hypothesis proposed by Jerison (1970).

Effects of Task Demands and Age on Vigilance and Subjective Workload

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1458-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Deaton ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
High Event ◽  
High Event Rate

Sensory and cognitive vigilance were directly compared in two experiments. The question of whether sensory and cognitive vigilance task demands can be differentiated on the basis of perceived workload was also addressed. A third focus of the study was to investigate changes in sensory and cognitive vigilance across the adult life span. In Experiment 1 60 subjects from three age categories—young, middle, and elderly were studied. Experiment 2 consisted of 20 subjects from only the young and old age categories. Subjects performed a visual sensory and a cognitive vigilance task at low and high event rates. Each task used identical stimulus sets (pairs of digits) and differed only in the definition of a critical target. Task demands were a major determinant of vigilance performance. Cognitive vigilance was more resistant to decrement over time than sensory vigilance. On the other hand, the cognitive task was more adversely affected by high event rate than the sensory task. Older subjects had lower hit rates than young and middle-aged subjects on the cognitive task, particularly at the high event rate. Subjective workload results suggested that the increased mental demands required of the cognitive task at the high event rate were associated with performance differences between sensory and cognitive tasks. However, the results also revealed an apparent dissociation between performance and subjective workload measures. Implications of the results for display design and assessment of individual differences in monitoring capability are discussed.

The Effects of Changes in Background Event Rate on Vigilance Performance: A Test of the Habituation Model of Vigilance

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Krulewitz ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Theodore H. Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Background Event

Effects of Aircraft Noise on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami B. Becker ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
JoAnn Sparnall ◽  
Laura DeRonde
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Signal Detectability ◽  
The Right

This study examined the effects of exposure to intermittent jet aircraft noise played through stereophonic speakers (70dBA or 95dBA maximum intensity) on performance efficiency and perceived workload in a 40-min visual vigilance task. The noise featured a Doppler-like quality in which planes seemed to approach from the monitor's left and recede to the right. Performance in noise, measured in terms of perceptual sensitivity (d***'), was significantly poorer than in a quiet condition. Moreover, in comparison to subjects performing in quiet, those who operated in noise were less able to profit from knowledge of results (KR) regarding performance efficiency. In addition to its negative effects upon signal detectability, noise significantly elevated perceived workload, as indexed by the NASA-TLX. This effect was robust; it was not mitigated by KR, even though KR served generally to reduce the overall level of perceived workload in the study. The consistency of the effects of noise in regard to both performance efficiency and perceived workload challenges a recent conclusion offered by Koelega and Brinkman (1986) that lawful relations are not observable in studies of the effects of noise on vigilant behavior.

Decision interval and signal detectability in a vigilance task.

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Mackworth
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Signal Detectability

scholarly journals An Examination of Compensatory Effort in a Vigilance Task Using Transcranial Doppler Sonography

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1570-1574
Author(s):  
Eric T. Greenlee ◽  
Tiffany G. Lui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Compensatory Effort

This study uses a novel neuroergonomic approach to determine whether blood flow to the frontal cortex is sensitive to task demands and indicative of compensatory effort regulation that may occur in response to the vigilance decrement. The present study used transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) to examine the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and its response to different demands of a vigilance task over time. Participants completed a vigilance task in a slow or fast event rate condition. The results demonstrated a vigilance decrement in both conditions and that workload was higher when the event rate was faster. However, blood flow velocity in the ACA did not change as a function of time, nor was it sensitive to the event rate manipulation. While previous research has shown that TCD is a useful neuroergonomic tool for vigilance monitoring, current results indicate that TCD monitoring of the ACA may not be worthwhile.

Performance Sharing in an Audio-Visual Vigilance Task

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Mcgrath
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Signal Detectability

The phenomenon of performance sharing, discovered in an earlier experiment, was verified in the present one, and attributed to differences in signal detectability when two vigilance tasks are performed concurrently. Performance on a vigilance display presenting easily detectable signals was shown to be enhanced by requiring the observer to monitor simultaneously another display, presenting difficult signals via a different sensory modality. Several theoretical approaches to the explanation of the phenomenon are discussed, and implications for display design and research are suggested.

The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Daryn A. Dever ◽  
Kody L. Denues ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
High Event ◽  
Human Factors Research ◽  
High Event Rate

Objective: The present experiment sought to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task. Background: Vigilance, or the ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of human factors research. Vigilance task difficulty has previously been manipulated through increasing event rate. However, most research in this paradigm has utilized a sensory-based task, whereas little work has focused on these effects in relation to a cognitive-based task. Method: In sum, 84 participants completed a cognitive vigilance task that contained either 24 events per minute (low event rate condition) or 40 events per minute (high event rate condition). Performance was measured through the proportion of hits, false alarms, mean response time, and signal detection analyses (i.e., sensitivity and response bias). Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. Results: The results indicated that event rate significantly affected performance, such that participants who completed the low event rate task achieved significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. Furthermore, the cognitive vigil utilized in the present study produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. Conclusion: Event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in a similar manner as traditional sensory vigilance tasks, such that a direct relation between performance and level of event rate was established. Application: Cognitive researchers wishing to manipulate task difficulty in their experiments may use event rate presentation as one avenue to achieve this result.

Covert Orienting of Attention Controls Vigilance Decrement at Low Event Rate

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
Visual Orienting ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Event ◽  
Over Time

Factors controlling sustained visual orienting were investigated by combining the paradigms of covert orienting and vigilance. Analysis suggests a close relationship between orienting of attention and vigilance which is dependent on the event rare during the vigilance task. At a low event rate both facilitatory and inhibitory effects of orienting are found. Vigilance decrement is related to the accumulation of inhibition over time, supporting Posner, et al.'s 1984 theory. Invalid cues reduce the decrement. At a high event rate, however, neither facilitation nor inhibition effects are reliable, and vigilance decrement is relared to limitations of the allocation of attentional capacity, supporting Parasuraman's multifactorial theory. The results suggest that facilitation and inhibition caused by orienting are important opposing mechanisms in visual attention, allowing the nervous system to control the distribution of attention both over visual space and over time.

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