Effects of Background Event Rate and Critical Signal Amplitude on Vigilance Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt R. Metzger ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Roderick J. Senter
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Background Event ◽  
Critical Signal

Ss monitored a display consisting of the repetitive presentation of pairs of movements of a bar of light. A neutral background event, for which no overt response was required, was a double deflection of 24 mm. The critical signal for detection was a longer deflection in the second movement within an event. Detection probability was greater for incremental excursions of 33% relative to 8.3% of the base movement. This effect was enhanced twofold when the event rate in which the signals were embedded was 21 as compared to 6 events/min. The results are considered in terms of the elicited observing rate hypothesis proposed by Jerison (1970).

The Vigilance Decrement Reflects Limitations in Effortful Attention, Not Mindlessness

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Grier ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Traci L. Galinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Over Time

Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997) proposed that the decline in performance efficiency over time in vigilance tasks (the vigilance decrement) is characterized by “mindlessness” or a withdrawal of attentional effort from the monitoring assignment. We assessed that proposal using measures of perceived mental workload (NASA-TLX) and stress (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire). Two types of vigilance task were employed: a traditional version, wherein observers made button-press responses to signify detection of rarely occurring critical signals, and a modified version, developed by Robertson et al. to promote mindlessness via routinization, wherein button-press responses acknowledged frequently occurring neutral stimulus events and response withholding signified critical signal detection. The vigilance decrement was observed in both tasks, and both tasks generated equally elevated levels of workload and stress, the latter including cognitions relating to performance adequacy. Vigilance performance seems better characterized by effortful attention (mindfulness) than by mindlessness. Actual or potential applications of this research include procedures to reduce the information-processing demand imposed by vigilance tasks and the stress associated with such tasks.

Feature Presence/Absence Modifies the Event Rate Effect and Cerebral Hemovelocity in Vigilance Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 1943-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Hollander ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Kevin Shockley ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Cerebral Hemovelocity

Feature presence/absence modifies the event rate effect and cerebral hemovelocity in vigilance performance

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Hollander ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Kevin Shockley ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Cerebral Hemovelocity

Effects of Demand Transitions on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (21) ◽  
pp. 1375-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Moroney ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Upper Level

This study examined the effects of transitions in task demand on vigilance performance and perceived mental workload. Task demand was manipulated through variations in background event rate–the rate of cascade of neutral events which must be monitored in order to detect critical signals. As is typical in vigilance research, overall performance varied inversely with event rate in all phases of the study. The post-transition performance of observers shifted from a fast-to-slow event rate (high-to-low task demand) remained below that of their continuous slow event rate controls, and was thus unaffected by the shift. In contrast, the post-transition performance of monitors shifted in the opposite direction, slow-to-fast event rate, was affected by the shift. In this case, the performance of the shifted observers fell below that of their continuous fast event rate controls. These results challenge prior findings indicating that psychophysical contrast is the representative outcome of shifts in information-processing demand in vigilance tasks (Krulewitz, Warm, & Wohl, 1975). Consistent with previous findings, workload scores, as indexed by the NASA-TLX, fell at the mid-to-upper level of the scale. Shifted observers who experienced both high and low levels of task demand during the vigil showed differences in composite ratings on the Mental Demand subscale. These results serve to caution that workload measurements obtained through the NASA-TLX at the end of an experimental session containing variations in task demand do not simply reflect an averaging of the observer's demand experiences.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Crowdsensing and Fixed Sensor Systems for Event Detection in Urban Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5880
Author(s):  
Matthias Hirth ◽  
Michael Seufert ◽  
Stanislav Lange ◽  
Markus Meixner ◽  
Phuoc Tran-Gia
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Environmental Sensor ◽  
The Given

Crowdsensing offers a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of environmental sensor data; however, the spatial distribution of crowdsensing sensors can hardly be influenced, as the participants carry the sensors, and, additionally, the quality of the crowdsensed data can vary significantly. Hybrid systems that use mobile users in conjunction with fixed sensors might help to overcome these limitations, as such systems allow assessing the quality of the submitted crowdsensed data and provide sensor values where no crowdsensing data are typically available. In this work, we first used a simulation study to analyze a simple crowdsensing system concerning the detection performance of spatial events to highlight the potential and limitations of a pure crowdsourcing system. The results indicate that even if only a small share of inhabitants participate in crowdsensing, events that have locations correlated with the population density can be easily and quickly detected using such a system. On the contrary, events with uniformly randomly distributed locations are much harder to detect using a simple crowdsensing-based approach. A second evaluation shows that hybrid systems improve the detection probability and time. Finally, we illustrate how to compute the minimum number of fixed sensors for the given detection time thresholds in our exemplary scenario.

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