scholarly journals The detail is more pleasant than the whole: Global and local prime affect esthetic appreciation of artworks showing whole-part ambiguity

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 3266-3272
Author(s):  
Maddalena Boccia ◽  
Paola Guariglia ◽  
Laura Piccardi ◽  
Giulia De Martino ◽  
Anna Maria Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Esthetic Judgment ◽  
Esthetic Experience ◽  
Global And Local

Abstract Esthetic experience is the result of the coordination of different cognitive processes. It has been widely reported that top-down processes of orienting of attention interact with bottom-up perceptual facilitation occurring during esthetic experience of artworks. Here we use whole-part ambiguity as a tool to test the effect of global and local prime on esthetic appreciation of complex visual artworks. To this aim 139 healthy young individuals completed an esthetic judgment of Arcimboldo’s ambiguous artworks, which were preceded by a local or global prime. Their perceptual style was also assessed using a Navon task. We found that local prime significantly enhanced esthetic appreciation of ambiguous portraits. Also, we found that prime level interacted with individual’s perceptual style: participants showing local perceptual style liked less ambiguous portraits when they were preceded by global prime. Overall, the present findings shed some light on the processes involved in esthetic experience, pointing towards a pivotal role of re-direction of attention towards perceptual features of the artworks and its interaction with individual factors, such as perceptual style.

Sensory regulation of quadrupedal locomotion: a top-down or bottom-up control system?

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Thibaudier ◽  
Marie-France Hurteau
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Sensory Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pattern Generators

Propriospinal pathways are thought to be critical for quadrupedal coordination by coupling cervical and lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs). However, the mechanisms involved in relaying information between girdles remain largely unexplored. Using an in vitro spinal cord preparation in neonatal rats, Juvin and colleagues ( Juvin et al. 2012 ) have recently shown sensory inputs from the hindlimbs have greater influence on forelimb CPGs than forelimb sensory inputs on hindlimb CPGs, in other words, a bottom-up control system. However, results from decerebrate cats suggest a top-down control system. It may be that both bottom-up and top-down control systems exist and that the dominance of one over the other is task or context dependent. As such, the role of sensory inputs in controlling quadrupedal coordination before and after injury requires further investigation.

Role of top-down and bottom-up forces on the invasibility of intertidal macroalgal assemblages

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Vaz-Pinto ◽  
Celia Olabarria ◽  
Francisco Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Computational Models of Learning Mechanisms in Psychosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Surrounding World

Psychotic experiences may best be described as an alteration in the self-ascription of thoughts and actions, which is associated with a profoundly altered experience of oneself and the surrounding world. Computational models of key symptoms of psychiatric disorders are discussed with respect to the attribution of salience and self-relatedness to otherwise irrelevant stimuli and the role of top-down modelling in the generation of delusions. Top-down and bottom-up approaches in understanding mental disorders and their computational models are compared and critically reflected.

Building an Ambidextrous Software Security Initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Daniela Soares Cruzes ◽  
Espen Agnalt Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Software Security ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Development Teams ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Global And Local

Improving software security in software development teams is an enduring challenge for software companies. In this chapter, the authors present one strategy for addressing this pursuit of improvement. The approach is ambidextrous in the sense that it focuses on approaching software security activities both from a top-down and a bottom-up perspective, combining elements usually found separately in software security initiatives. The approach combines (1) top-down formal regulatory mechanisms deterring breaches of protocol and enacting penalties where they occur and (2) bottom-up capacity building and persuasive encouragement of adherence to guidance by professional self-determination, implementation, and improvement support (e.g., training, stimulating, interventions). The ambidextrous governance framework illustrates distinct, yet complementary, global and local roles: (1) ensuring the adoption and implementation of software security practices, (2) enabling and (3) empowering software development teams to adapt and add to overall mandates, and (4) embedding cultures of improvement.

The role of the third sector working with the hard and soft structures of public–private partnerships to promote individual health and reinvigorated, healthier communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Tony Chasteauneuf ◽  
Tony Thornton ◽  
Dean Pallant
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Third ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
The Third Sector

This chapter discusses the role of the third sector working with the hard and soft structures of public–private partnerships to promote healthier individuals and communities. It considers how a recommitment to the 'local authority' of citizens and beneficiaries offers the possibility of revitalised and healthier individuals and reinvigorated and healthier communities, which are unachievable through the hard and soft structures of the commissioner/provider statutory approach. The chapter then identifies the pivotal dynamic of one-to-one relationships in these processes and their association with health outcomes (emotional, physical, and spiritual) alongside the opportunities and challenges in agencies engaging/re-engaging with the agency of citizens and beneficiaries. It explores the tension between the 'agency' of citizens and beneficiaries that constitutes bottom-up power and 'agencies' with top-down power. The chapter also looks at the benefits of embracing the expertise and investment of individuals and their communities in their personal and shared lives, how this can be supported and how it can be undermined.

Building an Ambidextrous Software Security Initiative

2022 ◽  
pp. 627-648
Author(s):  
Daniela Soares Cruzes ◽  
Espen Agnalt Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Software Security ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Development Teams ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Global And Local

Improving software security in software development teams is an enduring challenge for software companies. In this chapter, the authors present one strategy for addressing this pursuit of improvement. The approach is ambidextrous in the sense that it focuses on approaching software security activities both from a top-down and a bottom-up perspective, combining elements usually found separately in software security initiatives. The approach combines (1) top-down formal regulatory mechanisms deterring breaches of protocol and enacting penalties where they occur and (2) bottom-up capacity building and persuasive encouragement of adherence to guidance by professional self-determination, implementation, and improvement support (e.g., training, stimulating, interventions). The ambidextrous governance framework illustrates distinct, yet complementary, global and local roles: (1) ensuring the adoption and implementation of software security practices, (2) enabling and (3) empowering software development teams to adapt and add to overall mandates, and (4) embedding cultures of improvement.

Tourism as a Pathway to the Good Life: Comparing the Top–Down and Bottom–Up Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chu Chen ◽  
Sukjoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

This research examined the relationships among tourism, well-being, and novelty-seeking as a personality trait based on the top–down and bottom–up theories of well-being. A structural model that includes a direct effect of novelty-seeking on life satisfaction (top–down influence) and an indirect effect through tourism experiences (bottom–up influence) were proposed and tested using a sample of 556 American residents. Results showed that novelty-seekers were well aware of travel benefits and traveled more frequently. It was also found that the top–down influence of novelty-seeking on life satisfaction was significantly greater than the bottom–up influence. These findings highlight the crucial role of personality as a predictor of well-being as well as the importance of applying positive psychology principles to further enhance the potential contribution of tourism experiences to tourists’ well-being.

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