Spatial attention shifts contribute to the size congruity effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Wang ◽  
Yi Pan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Congruity Effect ◽  
Size Congruity Effect ◽  
Attention Shifts

scholarly journals Bottom-up and top-down attentional contributions to the size congruity effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1324-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenith V. Sobel ◽  
Amrita M. Puri ◽  
Thomas J. Faulkenberry
Keyword(s):  
Congruity Effect ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Size Congruity Effect

Spatial Attention Shifts in Addition and Subtraction Arithmetic: Evidence of Eye Movement

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 835-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjuan Zhu ◽  
Xuqun You ◽  
Shuoqiu Gan ◽  
Jinwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Attention Shifts

Recently, it has been proposed that solving addition and subtraction problems can evoke horizontal shifts of spatial attention. However, prior to this study, it remained unclear whether orienting shifts of spatial attention relied on actual arithmetic processes (i.e., the activated magnitude) or the semantic spatial association of the operator. In this study, spatial–arithmetic associations were explored through three experiments using an eye tracker, which attempted to investigate the mechanism of those associations. Experiment 1 replicated spatial–arithmetic associations in addition and subtraction problems. Experiments 2 and 3 selected zero as the operand to investigate whether these arithmetic problems could induce shifts of spatial attention. Experiment 2 indicated that addition and subtraction problems (zero as the second operand, i.e., 2 + 0) do not induce shifts of spatial attention. Experiment 3 showed that addition and subtraction arithmetic (zero as the first operand, i.e., 0 + 2) do facilitate rightward and leftward eye movement, respectively. This indicates that the operator alone does not induce horizontal eye movement. However, our findings support the idea that solving addition and subtraction problems is associated with horizontal shifts of spatial attention.

When adding is right: Temporal order judgements reveal spatial attention shifts during two-digit mental arithmetic

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glaser ◽  
André Knops
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Arithmetic Problem ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Attention Shifts

Recent research suggests that addition and subtraction induce horizontal shifts of attention. Previous studies used single-digit (1d) problems or verification paradigms that lend themselves to alternative solution strategies beyond mental arithmetic. To measure spatial attention during the active production of solutions to complex two-digit arithmetic problems (2d) without manual motor involvement, we used a temporal order judgement (TOJ) paradigm in which two lateralised targets were sequentially presented on screen with a varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Participants verbally indicated which target appeared first. By varying the delay between the arithmetic problem presentation and the TOJ task, we investigated how arithmetically induced attention shifts develop over time (Experiment 1, n = 31 and Experiment 2, n = 58). In Experiment 2, we additionally varied the carry property of the arithmetic task to examine how task difficulty modulates the effects. In the arithmetic task, participants were first presented with the arithmetic problem via headphones and performed the TOJ task after the delay before responding to the arithmetic task. To account for spontaneous attentional biases, a baseline TOJ was run without arithmetic processing. Both experiments revealed that addition induces shifts of spatial attention to the right suggesting that visuospatial attention mechanisms are recruited during complex arithmetic. We observed no difference in spatial attention between the carry and noncarry condition (Experiment 2). No shifts were observed for subtraction problems. No common and conclusive influence of delay was observed across experiments. Qualitative differences between addition and subtraction and the role of task difficulty are discussed.

The size congruity effect: Is bigger always more?

Cognition ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppe Santens ◽  
Tom Verguts
Keyword(s):  
Congruity Effect ◽  
Size Congruity Effect

Interference with Rehearsal in Spatial Working Memory in the Absence of Eye Movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Encoding ◽  
Rehearsal Strategy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Attention Shifts

We have previously argued that rehearsal in spatial working memory is interfered with by spatial attention shifts rather than simply by movements to locations in space (Smyth & Scholey, 1994). It is possible, however, that the stimuli intended to induce attention shifts in our experiments also induced eye movements and interfered either with an overt eye movement rehearsal strategy or with a covert one. In the first experiment reported here, subjects fixated while they maintained a sequence of spatial items in memory before recalling them in order. Fixation did not affect recall, but auditory spatial stimuli presented during the interval did decrease performance, and it was further decreased if the stimuli were categorized as coming from the right or the left. A second experiment investigated the effects of auditory spatial stimuli to which no response was ever required and found that these did not interfere with performance, indicating that it is the spatial salience of targets that leads to interference. This interference from spatial input in the absence of any overt movement of the eyes or limbs is interpreted in terms of shifts of spatial attention or spatial monitoring, which Morris (1989) has suggested affects spatial encoding and which our findings suggest also affects reactivation in rehearsal.

Response trajectories capture the continuous dynamics of the size congruity effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Faulkenberry ◽  
Alexander Cruise ◽  
Dmitri Lavro ◽  
Samuel Shaki
Keyword(s):  
Congruity Effect ◽  
Size Congruity Effect

scholarly journals EEG based Spatial Attention Shifts Detection using Time-Frequency features on Empirical Wavelet Transform

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Gokhan Altan ◽  
Gulcin Inat
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Empirical Wavelet Transform ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Attention Shifts

The human nervous system has over 100b nerve cells, of which the majority are located in the brain. Electrical alterations, Electroencephalogram (EEG), occur through the interaction of the nerves. EEG is utilized to evaluate event-related potentials, imaginary motor tasks, neurological disorders, spatial attention shifts, and more. In this study, We experimented with 29-channel EEG recordings from 18 healthy individuals. Each recording was decomposed using Empirical Wavelet Transform, a time-frequency domain analysis technique at the feature extraction stage. The statistical features of the modulations were calculated to feed the conventional machine learning algorithms. The proposal model achieved the best spatial attention shifts detection accuracy using the Decision Tree algorithm with a rate of 89.24%.

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