scholarly journals Reconstruction of Female Identity Through Unattainable Beauty Standards in Zadie Smith's White Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. May Mohammad Baqer ◽  
Sahar Abdul Kadhim Taher
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Zadie Smith ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
White Teeth

Reconstruction of female identity is one of the important issues in modern times. The majority of the females who descent from the countries of the third world confront lots of problems because of their race and gender. Black females or colored skin females because of the oppression of the white society upon them, try hard to cope with society in order to get some relief and feel that they are part of this cruel white society. One of the solutions for these black females is to reconstruct their identity by mimicry to the English beauty standards. Zadie Smith is a postcolonial author. She deals with third- world women and how they are treated in a minority and in a racist way. She strives to empower the subaltern black females who have African roots. In addition, to change the universal stereotypical dominated image about them. Smith focuses in her novel White Teeth on the marginalized female and how she is treated as shadow in her society. This article shows the impact of beauty standards on the reconstruction of female identity.

Understanding the Subgroup Complexities of Transfer: The Impact of Juvenile Race and Gender on Waiver Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Sara L. Bryson ◽  
Jennifer H. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Judicial Waiver ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
The Impact

While prior research has consistently found the presence of extralegal disparities in juvenile justice decision-making, less research has investigated the combined effects of a juvenile’s race and gender on the decision to transfer youth to adult court. The current study examines both the individual and joint influence of race and gender on transfer decisions of all judicial waiver-eligible youth in a Northeast state from 2004 to 2014. Results indicate that Black males had the highest likelihood of being judicially waived, followed by White males, then Black females. White females had the greatest chance of being retained in juvenile court. The findings have important implications for juvenile court processing by informing researchers, practitioners, and policyholders about potential reform efforts that target judicial waiver.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Quality of Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Salima Hafeez ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Chaudhry . ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan . ◽  
H.Mushtaq Ahmad . ◽  
Kashif Ur Rehman .
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Third World ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact

The characteristics of entrepreneurial orientation is played important role in business. How do an entrepreneurial firms and individuals have taken the advantage in industry? This study explores the dynamic capabilities of the organization according to international performance. Our findings indicates the positive impact on dynamic capabilities of the business with perfectly use of this research framework. The main aspect of this paper is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life. Distinctive features of entrepreneurs and their contribution to the economy can make it possible for third world countries to grow their economies faster and provide financial means to enhance social, health, and environmental well-being (basic dimensions of quality of life), along with products and services that the poor need in these countries. Entrepreneurial orientation combined with organization learning and Quality of life (QOL) are enhanced the dynamic capability of the organization. Present conceptual research will provide the source of competitive advantage and mainstream line for further development of the business .We suggest that existing literature reconfiguring the different approaches for the entrepreneurial to capture the opportunities in world business. First, quality of life cannot possibly improve in inactive or weakening economic conditions; second, economic development in the third world countries cannot advance in a balanced and desirable manner without a major domestic entrepreneurship movement (Samli 2004, 2008a).

Digital Mediation, Soft Cabs, and Spatial Labour

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Donald N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Home Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Critics of digitally mediated labour platforms (often called the “sharing” or “gig economy”) have focused on the character and extent of the control exerted by these platforms over both workers and customers, and in particular on the precarizing impact on the workers on whose labor the services depend. Less attention has been paid to the specifically spatial character of the forms of work targeted by mobile digital platforms. The production and maintenance of urban social space has always been dependent, to a large degree, on work that involves the crossing of spatial boundaries - particularly between public and private spaces, but also crossing spaces segregated by class, race, and gender. Delivery workers, cabdrivers, day labourers, home care providers, and similar boundary-crossers all perform spatial work: the work of moving between and connecting spaces physically, experientially, and through representation. Spatial work contributes to the production and reproduction of social space; it is also productive of three specific, though interrelated, products: physical movement from one place to another; the experience of this movement; and the articulation of these places, experiences, and movements with visions of society and of the social. Significantly, it is precisely such spatial work, and its products, which mobile digital platforms seek most urgently to transform. Drawing on several recent studies of “ridesharing” (or soft cab) labour platforms, I interrogate the impact of digital mediation on the actual practices involved in spatial work. I argue that the roll-out of digital labour platforms needs to be understood in terms of a struggle over the production of social space.

Progress Toward Increasing Women’s and Minorities’ Access to Top State Government Jobs?

2021 ◽  
pp. 009102602110565
Author(s):  
Greg Lewis ◽  
Jonathan Boyd ◽  
Rahul Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
State Government ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Good News ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of qualifications and hiring advantages on women’s and minorities’ access to state government jobs, both in managerial and high-salary positions and overall. It also looks at how race and gender differences in representation have changed since 1990 and how they compare with the private sector. All groups, except Latino and Asian men, are more likely than White men to work for state governments, and all groups are more likely to do so than comparable White men. White men remain more likely to be managers and to earn top-decile salaries than comparable White women and people of color. Differences in education, experience, veteran status, and citizenship contribute, in different ways, to each group’s underrepresentation at top levels, but sizable unexplained gaps remain. The good news is that access to top jobs is better in state governments than in the private sector and has improved since 1990.

Abstract WP286: Race and Gender Differences Among Patients With First or Recurrent Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G George ◽  
Xin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Little information is known about the race and gender differences in stroke severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among those presenting with and without a recurrent stroke (RS). Methods: The study is limited to white and black patients who were admitted with an AIS in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program from 2012-2014. There were 157 967 admissions from 453 hospitals identified. After excluding those with missing NIHSS (33 017), the analysis focused on 124 950 patients. Results: The median age of blacks and females was greater than for whites and males, 74 vs 63 and 75 vs 68, respectively. RS accounted for 21.8% of AIS in white males, 21.2% in white females, 28.3% in black males, and 30.0% in black females. The median NIHSS was higher among females with initial stroke or RS stroke (4.0 vs 3.0 and 5.0 vs 4.0, respectively, p<0.0001) and higher among blacks with initial stroke or RS (4.0 vs 3.0 and 5.0 vs 4.0, respectively, p<0.0001). Overall in-hospital death was greater among whites and females compared to blacks and males (4.1% vs 2.9%, p<0.0001; 4.2% vs 3.5%, p<0.0001, respectively), and this pattern was consistent for initial AIS and RS. Use of tPA was greater among whites and males compared to blacks and females (11.6% vs 10.3%, p<0.0001; 11.5 vs 11.1%, p=0.02, respectively). This pattern was consistent for initial AIS and RS by race and for initial AIS by gender, but not for tPA for RS by gender. Females and blacks were less likely to have a mild stroke (NIHSS score 0-4) than males and whites for both initial and RS (p<0.0001). After adjusting for age, state, hospital, and year, the odds of having an NIHSS ≥5 was 16% lower among males, 36% greater among blacks, and 38% greater for those with a RS (data not shown). Conclusion: Race and gender differences on age, stroke severity, receipt of tPA, and in-hospital death among initial AIS patients persist for RS. Blacks, females, and those with a RS have more severe AIS.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

American Labor Unions in the Electoral Arena By Herbert B. Asher, Eric S. Heberlig, Randall B. Ripley, and Karen Snyder. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001. 207p. $69.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-630
Author(s):  
Glenn Perusek
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Labor

For more than a generation, as the authors rightly point out, the impact of organized labor on electoral politics has been neglected in scholarly literature. Indeed, only a tiny minority of social scientists explicitly focuses on organized labor in the United States. Although the impact of the social movements of the 1960s appeared to heighten awareness of the importance of class, race, and gender, class and its organized expression, the union movement, has received less attention, while studies of race and gender have flourished.

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