scholarly journals Towards a unified analysis of correlatives and indefinites in Balkar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Morgunova ◽  
Ilya Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Choice Function ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Syntactic Differences

In this paper we consider two morphosyntactically similar constructions in Balkar: correlative clauses and wh-indefinites. They both consist of three elements: (i) an interrogative pronoun, (ii) a verb marked by the conditional suffix -sa, and (iii) the particle da 'even'. We demonstrate that despite superficial similarities there are certain semantic and syntactic differences between them. Specifically, the correlatives are interpreted definitely and are merged as clausal adjuncts and the whindefinites function as indefinite NPs and are merged as arguments of the main predicate. We develop an analysis that maintains the contribution of wh-expressions and the particle da and argue that the point of divergence is the -sa marked element. While in correlatives it is a true verbal predicate, in wh-indefinites it is a grammaticalized marker that denotes a choice function.

A Comment on Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Sandroni ◽  
Alvaro Sandroni
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Choice Function ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Choice Function ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Impossibility Theorem ◽  
Preference Order ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Choice Functions ◽  
Preference Orders

AbstractArrow (1950) famously showed the impossibility of aggregating individual preference orders into a social preference order (together with basic desiderata). This paper shows that it is possible to aggregate individual choice functions, that satisfy almost any condition weaker than WARP, into a social choice function that satisfy the same condition (and also Arrow’s desiderata).

scholarly journals A choice function hyper-heuristic framework for the allocation of maintenance tasks in Danish railways

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad M. Pour ◽  
John H. Drake ◽  
Edmund K. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Choice Function

scholarly journals Memory for syntactic differences in mental illness descriptions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily N. Line ◽  
Samantha Roberts ◽  
Zachary Horne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
The People ◽  
Syntactic Differences

The American Psychiatric Association recommends that practitioners should discuss mental illnesses using person-first, or comparatively state-based language, rather than trait-based language. The aim of this initiative is both to avoid treating the symptoms of an illness as a defining characteristic of the people who experience these symptoms and to reduce the stigmatization of mental illness. However, some of the implications of these initiatives have not been tested. Here, we investigate one of these implications - people's memory for changes in syntactic constructions in descriptions of mental illness. In two experiments, we found that people fail to remember subtle syntactic changes which shift descriptions from trait to state-based constructions. Instead, participants falsely remembered a protagonist as having a mental illness even when they were only described as experiencing symptoms of this illness. We found this was the case with both proximal (Experiment 1) and more remote semantic cues (Experiment 2).

scholarly journals Negative Words in Comparative Structures in French and Their Equivalents in Serbian

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Ljubica Vlahović ◽  
Snežana Gudurić
Keyword(s):  
Negative Word ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Syntactic Differences ◽  
Dependent Clause

In French and Serbian comparative constructions of equality and inequality, negative words are distributed according to their forms, meanings and functions.French negative words - ne most frequently complemented by a particle pas or some other negative word, a double particle ni…ni, as well as negative ne and a double particle ni…ni in Serbian appear in the main clause (but not in the dependent clause) of comparative constructions of equality and inequality. In comparative constructions of inequality with a positive main clause, French expletive ne appears in the dependent clause with the verb, while its equivalent in Serbian nego or no occurs as a connector at the beginning of the dependent clause.Negative words in the main clause of comparative constructions of equality make the French antecedents flexible: the reduced form si alternates with aussi, as well as reduced tant with autant, and Serbian ones stable: reduced tako (from isto tako) and reduced toliko (from isto toliko) are mandatory.The autonomous word isto (easily detachable) serves to enhance the meaning of equality.The French comparative constructions of inequality with a negative main clause may have a dependent clause without or with an expletive ne, while the equivalent Serbian constructions always have a dependent clause with nego or no containing an expletive ne.There is a semantic and a functional equivalence between the French and Serbian constructions, with some syntactic differences due to the systems of two languages.

scholarly journals Ad hoc properties and locations in Maltese

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gréte Dalmi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Alternative States ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Copular Sentences ◽  
Event Variable ◽  
Temporal Variable ◽  
Account Variation

This paper aims to show that the four-way BE-system of Maltese can best be accommodated in a theory of non-verbal predication that builds on alternative states, without making any reference to the Davidsonian spatio-temporal event variable. The existing theories of non-verbal predicates put the burden of explaining the difference between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations either solely on the non-verbal predicate, by postulating an event variable in their lexical layer (see Kratzer 1995; Adger and Ramchand 2003; Magri 2009; Roy 2013), or solely on the copular or non-copular primary predicate, which contains an aspectual operator or an incorporated abstract preposition, responsible for such interpretive differences (Schmitt 2005, Schmitt and Miller 2007, Gallego and Uriagereka 2009, 2011, Marín 2010, Camacho 2012). The present proposal combines Maienborn’s (2003, 2005a,b, 2011) discourse-semantic theory of copular sentences with Richardson’s (2001, 2007) analysis of non-verbal adjunct predicates in Russian, based on alternative states. Under this combined account, variation between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations of non-verbal predicates is derived from the presence or absence of a modal OPalt operator that can bind the temporal variable of non-verbal predicates in accessible worlds, in the sense of Kratzer (1991). In the absence of this operator, the temporal variable is bound by the T0 head in the standard way. The proposal extends to non-verbal predicates in copular sentences as well as to argument and adjunct non-verbal predicates in non-copular sentences.

scholarly journals On the direct product of choice function.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Ramamurthy ◽  
Vũ Nghĩa ◽  
Vũ Đức Thi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Choice Function
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